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Hyperuranion
The hyperuranionKatherine Murphy, Richard Todd, "A Man Very Well Studyed": New Contexts for Thomas Browne"', BRILL, 2008, p. 260. or topos hyperuranios ( grc, ὑπερουράνιον τόπον,Plato, '' Phaedrus'', 247b–c. accusative of ὑπερουράνιος τόπος, "place beyond heaven") is a term used by Plato to mean a perfect realm of Forms. The hyperuranion, which is also called Platonic realm, is a place in heaven where all ideas of real things are collected together. This is within Plato's view that the idea of a phenomenon is beyond the realm of real phenomena and that everything we experience in our lives is merely a copy of the perfect model that exists in the hyperuranion. It is described as higher than the gods since their divinity depended on the knowledge of the hyperuranion beings. The hyperuranion doctrine is also a later medieval concept that claims God within the Empyrean exists outside of heaven and controls it as the prime mover from there for hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plato
Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning on the European continent. Along with his teacher, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato is a central figure in the history of Ancient Greek philosophy and the Western and Middle Eastern philosophies descended from it. He has also shaped religion and spirituality. The so-called neoplatonism of his interpreter Plotinus greatly influenced both Christianity (through Church Fathers such as Augustine) and Islamic philosophy (through e.g. Al-Farabi). In modern times, Friedrich Nietzsche diagnosed Western culture as growing in the shadow of Plato (famously calling Christianity "Platonism for the masses"), while Alfred North Whitehead famously said: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaedrus (dialogue)
The ''Phaedrus'' (; grc-gre, Φαῖδρος, Phaidros}), written by Plato, is a dialogue between Plato's protagonist, Socrates, and Phaedrus, an interlocutor in several dialogues. The ''Phaedrus'' was presumably composed around 370 BCE, about the same time as Plato's ''Republic'' and ''Symposium''. Although ostensibly about the topic of love, the discussion in the dialogue revolves around the art of rhetoric and how it should be practiced, and dwells on subjects as diverse as metempsychosis (the Greek tradition of reincarnation) and erotic love. One of the dialogue's central passages is the famous Chariot Allegory, which presents the human soul as composed of a charioteer, a good horse tending upward to the divine, and a bad horse tending downward to material embodiment. Setting Socrates runs into Phaedrus on the outskirts of Athens. Phaedrus has just come from the home of Epicrates of Athens, where Lysias, son of Cephalus, has given a speech on love. Socrates, stating that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theory Of Forms
The theory of Forms or theory of Ideas is a philosophical theory, fuzzy concept, or world-view, attributed to Plato, that the physical world is not as real or true as timeless, absolute, unchangeable ideas. According to this theory, ideas in this sense, often capitalized and translated as "Ideas" or "Forms", are the non-physical essences of all things, of which objects and matter in the physical world are merely imitations. Plato speaks of these entities only through the characters (primarily Socrates) of his dialogues who sometimes suggests that these Forms are the only objects of study that can provide knowledge. The theory itself is contested from within Plato's dialogues, and it is a general point of controversy in philosophy. Nonetheless, the theory is considered to be a classical solution to the problem of universals. The early Greek concept of form precedes attested philosophical usage and is represented by a number of words mainly having to do with vision, sight, and ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mshunia Kushta
In Mandaean cosmology, Mshunia Kushta ( myz, ࡌࡔࡅࡍࡉࡀ ࡊࡅࡔࡈࡀ, translit=Mšunia Kušṭa, lit=realm of truth) is a part of the World of Light considered to be the dwelling place of heavenly or ideal counterparts (''dmuta''). It is similar to Plato's concept of the hyperuranion (realm of Forms), which can be roughly described as a place in heaven where all ideas of real things are collected together. Mshunia Kushta is considered to be the shkina (dwelling) of Anush Uthra. See also *Hyperuranion in Platonism *Theory of forms The theory of Forms or theory of Ideas is a philosophical theory, fuzzy concept, or world-view, attributed to Plato, that the physical world is not as real or true as timeless, absolute, unchangeable ideas. According to this theory, ideas in th ... in Platonism * Abstract and concrete * Adam kasia References Mandaean cosmology Mandaean philosophical concepts Mandaic words and phrases Esoteric cosmology Conceptions of heaven My ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empyrean
In ancient cosmologies, the Empyrean Heaven, or simply the Empyrean, was the place in the highest heaven, which was supposed to be occupied by the element of fire (or aether in Aristotle's natural philosophy). The word derives from the Medieval Latin ''empyreus'', an adaptation of the Ancient Greek ''empyros'' (), meaning "in or on the fire (''pyr'')". The Empyrean was thus used as a name for the incorporeal "heaven of the first day", and in Christian literature for the dwelling-place of God, the blessed, celestial beings so divine they are made of pure light, and the source of light and creation. Notably, at the very end of Dante's '' Paradiso'', Dante visits God in the Empyrean. The word is used both as a noun and as an adjective, but ''empyreal'' is an alternate adjective form. The scientific words ''empyreuma'' and ''empyreumatic'', applied to the characteristic smell of the burning or charring of vegetable or animal matter, have the same Greek origin. See also *Atziluth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popper's Three Worlds
Popper's three worlds is a way of looking at reality, described by the Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper in a lecture given in August 1967. The concept involves three interacting worlds, called World 1, World 2 and World 3. Worlds 1, 2 and 3 These three "Worlds" are not proposed as isolated universes but rather are realms or levels within the known universe. Their numbering reflects Popper's view ''(a)'' of their temporal order within the known universe, and ''(b)'' that each later realm emerged from developments within the preceding realm. A one-word description of each realm is that World 1 is the material realm, World 2 is the mental realm, and World 3 is the cultural realm - though, in the detail of Popper's theory, each "World" or realm transcends what might be typically understood by the respective terms "material", "mental" and "cultural". While each major realm (''i.e.'' World 1, 2 and 3) is said by Popper to arise from the emergence of new entities, Popper ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conceptions Of Heaven
Conception commonly refers to: * Concept, an abstract idea or a mental symbol * Conception (biology), the process of becoming pregnant, involving fertilization and implantation of the embryo in the uterus Conception may also refer to: Entertainment * ''Conception'' (album), an album by Miles Davis * "Conception" (song), a 1950 jazz standard by George Shearing * ''Conception'', a posthumous album by Bill Evans * Conception (band), a Norwegian band * ''Conception'' (film), a 2011 film * ''Conception'' (video game), a 2012 role-playing video game developed by Spike Maritime * Sinking of MV ''Conception'', a 2019 fire and sinking of a dive boat Places * Conception, Missouri, US * Conception, Minnesota, US * Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Canada * Conception Bay (Namibia) See also * Concept (other) * Concepción (other) * Conception Island (other) Conception Island may refer to: * Conception Island, Bahamas * Conception Island, Seychelles Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platonism
Platonism is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary platonists do not necessarily accept all of the doctrines of Plato. Platonism had a profound effect on Western thought. Platonism at least affirms the existence of abstract objects, which are asserted to exist in a third realm distinct from both the sensible external world and from the internal world of consciousness, and is the opposite of nominalism." Philosophers who affirm the existence of abstract objects are sometimes called platonists; those who deny their existence are sometimes called nominalists. The terms "platonism" and "nominalism" have established senses in the history of philosophy, where they denote positions that have little to do with the modern notion of an abstract object. In this connection, it is essential to bear in mind that modern platonists (with a small 'p') need not accept any of the doctrines of Plato, just as modern nominalists need not accept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Realm (Frege)
In metaphysics, the distinction between abstract and concrete refers to a divide between two types of entities. Many philosophers hold that this difference has fundamental metaphysical significance. Examples of concrete objects include plants, human beings and planets while things like numbers, sets and propositions are abstract objects. There is no general consensus as to what the characteristic marks of concreteness and abstractness are. Popular suggestions include defining the distinction in terms of the difference between (1) existence inside or outside space-time, (2) having causes and effects or not, (3) having contingent or necessary existence, (4) being particular or universal and (5) belonging to either the physical or the mental realm or to neither. Despite this diversity of views, there is broad agreement concerning most objects as to whether they are abstract or concrete. So under most interpretations, all these views would agree that, for example, plants are concrete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unmoved Mover
The unmoved mover ( grc, ὃ οὐ κινούμενον κινεῖ, ho ou kinoúmenon kineî, that which moves without being moved) or prime mover ( la, primum movens) is a concept advanced by Aristotle as a primary cause (or first uncaused cause) or " mover" of all the motion in the universe. As is implicit in the name, the moves other things, but is not itself moved by any prior action. In Book 12 ( grc-gre, Λ) of his ''Metaphysics'', Aristotle describes the unmoved mover as being perfectly beautiful, indivisible, and contemplating only the perfect contemplation: self-contemplation. He equates this concept also with the active intellect. This Aristotelian concept had its roots in cosmological speculations of the earliest Greek pre-Socratic philosophers and became highly influential and widely drawn upon in medieval philosophy and theology. St. Thomas Aquinas, for example, elaborated on the unmoved mover in the . First philosophy Aristotle argues, in Book 8 of the ''Physics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primum Mobile
In classical, medieval, and Renaissance astronomy, the Primum Mobile (Latin: "first movable") was the outermost moving sphere in the geocentric model of the universe. The concept was introduced by Ptolemy to account for the apparent daily motion of the heavens around the Earth, producing the east-to-west rising and setting of the sun and stars, and reached Western Europe via Avicenna. Appearance and rotation The Ptolemaic system presented a view of the universe in which apparent motion was taken for real – a viewpoint still maintained in common speech through such everyday terms as ''moonrise'' and ''sunset''. Rotation of the Earth on its polar axis – as seen in a heliocentric solar system, which (while anticipated by Aristarchus) was not to be widely accepted until well after Copernicus – leads to what earlier astronomers saw as the real movement of all the heavenly bodies around the Earth every 24 hours. Astronomers believed that the seven naked-eye planets (including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
