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Hymenophyllales
The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a cosmopolitan distribution, subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp places or to locations where they are wetted by spray from waterfalls or springs. A recent fossil find shows that ferns of Hymenophyllaceae have existed since at least the Upper Triassic. Description They often appear as very dark green or even black clumps and may be mistaken for a robust moss or Marchantiophyta, liverwort. The rhizome is usually thin and wiry and the fronds variously pinnate with a single strand ("nerve") of vascular tissue. As in most ferns, young fronds have circinate vernation. In most species, the frond, apart from the vascular tissue, is only a single cell thick, and they do not have any stomata. The plant cuticle, cuticle is also greatly reduced or absent, leaving filmy ferns very susceptible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptosporangiate Fern
The Polypodiidae, commonly called leptosporangiate ferns, formerly Leptosporangiatae, are one of four subclasses of ferns, and the largest of these, being the largest group of living ferns, including some 11,000 species worldwide. The group has also been treated as the class Pteridopsida or Polypodiopsida, although other classifications assign them a different rank. Older names for the group include Filicidae and Filicales, although at least the "water ferns" (now the Salviniales) were then treated separately. The leptosporangiate ferns are one of the four major groups of ferns, with the other three being the eusporangiate ferns comprising the marattioid ferns (Marattiidae, Marattiaceae), the horsetails (Equisetiidae, Equisetaceae), and whisk ferns and moonworts. There are approximately 8465 species of living leptosporangiate ferns, compared with about 2070 for all other ferns, totalling 10535 species of ferns. Almost a third of leptosporangiate fern species are epiphytes. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except the lycopods, and differ from mosses and other bryophytes by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls, that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphlebium
''Polyphlebium'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by some other sources. Taxonomy The genus ''Polyphlebium'' was erected by Edwin Copeland in 1938. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, saying that there are about 15 species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' lists 17 species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sinks the genus into ''Trichomanes''. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *''Polyphlebium angustatum'' (Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson *''Polyphlebium borbonicum'' (Bosch) Ebihara & Dubuisson *''Polyphlebium capillaceum'' (L.) Ebihara & Dubuisson *''Polyphlebium colensoi'' (Hook. fil.) Ebihara & K.Iwats. *''Polyphlebium diaphanum'' (Kunth) Ebihara & Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callistopteris
''Callistopteris'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by some other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Callistopteris'' was erected by Edwin Copeland in 1938. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are five species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' lists six species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sinks the genus into ''Trichomanes''. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *''Callistopteris apiifolia'' (C.Presl) Copel. *''Callistopteris baldwinii'' (D.C.Eaton) Copel. *''Callistopteris baueriana'' (Endl.) Copel. *''Callistopteris calyculata'' Cope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichomanes
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water. The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns. Taxonomy The genus ''Trichomanes'' was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalomanes
''Cephalomanes'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Cephalomanes'' was erected by Carl Presl in 1843. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are four species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' lists nine species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sinks the genus into ''Trichomanes''. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *''Cephalomanes atrovirens'' C.Presl *''Cephalomanes crassum'' (Copel.) M.G.Price *''Cephalomanes densinervium'' (Copel.) Copel. *''Cephalomanes infundibulare'' (Alderw.) comb. ined. *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrodictyum
''Abrodictyum'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by some other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Abrodictyum'' was erected by Carl Presl in 1843. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are about 25 species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' listed 41 species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sank the genus into ''Trichomanes ''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally nec ...''. Species , the ''Checklis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunio Iwatsuki
Kunio (written: 邦夫, 邦男, 邦雄, 邦生, 國男, 國士, 国男, 国夫, 州男 or 久仁生) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese judge *, Japanese politician *, Japanese mayor *, Japanese Go player *, Japanese field hockey player *, Japanese animator *, Japanese dramatist and writer * Kunio Kitamura (born 1968), Japanese footballer * Kunio Kobayashi (born 1967), Japanese karateka *Kunio Lemari (1942–2008), Marshallese politician and President of the Marshall Islands *, Japanese architect *, Japanese photographer *, Japanese actor and voice actor (not to be confused with the manga character of the same name) *, Japanese politician *, Japanese general *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese writer *, Japanese mechanical designer *, Japanese cross-country skier *Kunio Shimizu (born 1934), Japanese playwright *, Japanese writer *Kunio Yamazaki (died 2013), Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atsushi Ebihara
Atsushi is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *Atsushi (musician), Japanese singer and vocalist of the band Exile *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese synchronized swimmer *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese water polo player *, Japanese cross-country skier *, Japanese long-distance runner *, Japanese writer and manga critic *, Japanese actor *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese actor *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese sport wrestler *, Japanese Go player *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese tennis player *, Japanese shogi player *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese author *, Japanese rower *, Japanese swimmer *, manga author of Soul Eater and Fire Force *, Professional Wrestler *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese rugby union player *, Japanese musician, singer for Buck-Tick *, Japanese runner *, Japanese alpine skier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indusium
A sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (plural coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori. Etymology This New Latin word is from Ancient Greek σωρός (''sōrós'' 'stack, pile, heap'). Structure In lichens and other fungi, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae, it may take the form of depression into the thallus. In ferns, the sori form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond. In some species, they are protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called the indusium, which forms an umbrella-like cover. Lifecycle significance Sori occur on the sporophyte generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meio spores. As the sporangia mature, the indusium shrivels so that spore release is unimpeded. The sporangia then burst and release the spores. As an aid to identification The shape, arran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
