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Hyantis
''Hyantis'' is a monotypic nymphalid butterfly genus. Its sole species is ''Hyantis hodeva'', which is found in New Guinea. It is uncertain which tribe this butterfly should be placed within. Distribution The species is distributed in the following islands: New Guinea, Waigeo, Misool, Yapen and D'Entrecasteaux Islands. Morphology The species has three pairs of six well-developed ocellus on the ventral side of the wings: one pair on the forewings near the apex and two pairs on the hindwings. Each eyespot is large and bordered with yellow, and the black "pupil" has plural small white dots inside. This species is similar to ''Taenaris'', but can be easily identified from that genus, which generally has only two or four ocellus with single white spot on its hindwings. This species is also unique in having a closed discoidal cell on each hindwing. This morphological character is also shared by the genus ''Morphopsis'' and is generally found in the subfamily Satyrinae. The ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyantis Hodeva Illustrations Of New Species Of Exotic Butterflies Drusilla & Hyantis
''Hyantis'' is a monotypic nymphalid butterfly genus. Its sole species is ''Hyantis hodeva'', which is found in New Guinea. It is uncertain which tribe this butterfly should be placed within. Distribution The species is distributed in the following islands: New Guinea, Waigeo, Misool, Yapen and D'Entrecasteaux Islands. Morphology The species has three pairs of six well-developed ocellus on the ventral side of the wings: one pair on the forewings near the apex and two pairs on the hindwings. Each eyespot is large and bordered with yellow, and the black "pupil" has plural small white dots inside. This species is similar to ''Taenaris'', but can be easily identified from that genus, which generally has only two or four ocellus with single white spot on its hindwings. This species is also unique in having a closed discoidal cell on each hindwing. This morphological character is also shared by the genus ''Morphopsis'' and is generally found in the subfamily Satyrinae. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taenaris
''Taenaris'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Amathusiinae, that distributed throughout Australasia with a majority of species being located on the island of New Guinea. They are commonly known as the owl butterflies. ''Taenaris'' are showy medium to large butterflies with predominantly white wings often featuring extensive patches of black, gray, or tan coloration. They are best known for their rounded hindwings which feature well developed eyespots, most of which are yellow in color with blue-black "pupils". Due to their larval diet consisting of toxic cycasin-rich foodplants, many members of genus are involved within Müllerian mimicry complexes. Distribution Members of the genus ''Taenaris'' are found throughout Southeast Asia and Australasia. Their range extends from Malaysia and into the Moluccas and New Guinea and as far east as the Solomon Islands and as far south as the Torres Strait and Cape York, Australia. A majority of species are con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elymniini
The Elymniini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. If the subfamily Satyrinae elevate to family status, this tribe shall be treated as subfamily Elymniinae. Elymniini was formerly a large group, but recently, it is considered to be include only one genus, ''Elymnias'', according to molecular phylogenetic analyses. Systematics and taxonomy The systematics and taxonomy of Satyrinae began to be heavily revised around the 2000s, and this revision continues to this day. Consequently, the subdivisions of this tribe have also undergone significant changes in recent years. The higher level classification of Satyrine butterfly developed by became the basis for later taxonomic studies. The work which based on adult morphology, recognised seven subfamilies in the family Satyridae: Haeterinae, Brassolinae, Biinae, Elymniinae, Eritinae, Ragadiinae and Satyrinae, and four tribes within Elymniinae: Lethini, Zetherini, Elymniini and Mycalesini. A later work, , largely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animalia
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Wing
Insect wings are adult outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly. They are found on the second and third thoracic segments (the mesothorax and metathorax), and the two pairs are often referred to as the forewings and hindwings, respectively, though a few insects lack hindwings, even rudiments. The wings are strengthened by a number of longitudinal veins, which often have cross-connections that form closed "cells" in the membrane (extreme examples include the dragonflies and lacewings). The patterns resulting from the fusion and cross-connection of the wing veins are often diagnostic for different evolutionary lineages and can be used for identification to the family or even genus level in many orders of insects. Physically, some insects move their flight muscles directly, others indirectly. In insects with direct flight, the wing muscles directly attach to the wing base, so that a small downward movement of the wing base lifts the wing itself upward. Those i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanitini
The Melanitini (evening browns and relatives) are one of the smaller tribe (biology), tribes of the Satyrinae in the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterfly) family (biology), family. They contain the following genera: * ''Aeropetes'' Gustaf Johan Billberg, Billberg, 1820 - sometimes placed in Satyrini * ''Aphysoneura'' Ferdinand Karsch, Karsch, 1894 - sometimes placed in Elymniini * ''Cyllogenes'' Arthur Gardiner Butler, Butler, 1868 * ''Gnophodes'' Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), Doubleday, 1849 * ''Manataria'' William Forsell Kirby, W.F. Kirby, [1902] * ''Melanitis'' Johan Christian Fabricius, Fabricius, 1807 * ''Paralethe'' van Son, 1955 - sometimes placed in Satyrini * ''Parantirrhoea'' James Wood-Mason, Wood-Mason, 1881 References Melanitini, Satyrinae Taxa named by Enzio Reuter Butterfly tribes {{Satyrinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphinae
The Morphinae are a subfamily of Nymphalidae butterflies that includes the morphos, the owl butterflies (''Caligo''), and related lineages. It is either considered a sister group of the Satyrinae, or disassembled and included therein. Systematics This group sometimes includes the monotypic (sub)tribe Biina, otherwise placed in the Brassolini. This group is the subject of intense study and the following classification is subject to modification. Listed alphabetically by tribe. funet.fr Tribe Amathusiini (sometimes considered a distinct subfamily Amathusiinae): * 15 genera, see tribe article Tribe |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimicry Complex
In evolutionary biology, mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species. Mimicry may evolve between different species, or between individuals of the same species. Often, mimicry functions to protect a species from predators, making it an anti-predator adaptation. Mimicry evolves if a receiver (such as a predator) perceives the similarity between a mimic (the organism that has a resemblance) and a model (the organism it resembles) and as a result changes its behaviour in a way that provides a selective advantage to the mimic. The resemblances that evolve in mimicry can be visual, acoustic, chemical, tactile, or electric, or combinations of these sensory modalities. Mimicry may be to the advantage of both organisms that share a resemblance, in which case it is a form of mutualism; or mimicry can be to the detriment of one, making it parasitic or competitive. The evolutionary convergence between groups is driven by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elymnias Agondas
''Elymnias agondas'', the palmfly, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1832. It is endemic to New Guinea and neighbouring Cape York in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and .... Seitz, A., 1912-1927. ''Die Indo-Australien Tagfalter Grossschmetterlinge Erde'' 9 Subspecies *''E. a. agondas'' (Salawati) *''E. a. bioculatus'' Hewitson, 1851 (New Guinea: Arfak) *''E. a. melane'' Hewitson, 1858 (Kai Island) *''E. a. melantho'' Wallace, 1869 (Gagi Island, Gam Island, Waigeu) *''E. a. glaucopis'' Staudinger, 1894 (Northeast New Guinea) *''E. a. melanippe'' Grose-Smith, 1894 (German New Guinea) *''E. a. melanthes'' Grose-Smith, 1897 (Woodlark Island, Goodenough Island) *''E. a. melagondas'' Fruhstorfer, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satyrini
The Satyrini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200 species and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species. Distribution Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, but the distribution pattern differs between subtribes. Some subtribes are almost restricted to a single biogeographic region, such as the Pronophilina, which is found only in Andean cloud forests from Venezuela to Bolivia. Biology The larval food plants of many species in this tribe are grasses, i.e. Poaceae. It is considered that the Satyrini diversified at about the same time as the grasses did, and that the radiation of the tribe is therefore closely related to the evolution of the grasses. In contrast, the tribe has a few genera which show uncommon feeding preferences. Three genera, '' Euptychia'', ''Ragadia'' and ''Acrophtalmia'', feed on Lycopsida, and moreover, some species of ''Euptychia'' have been reported to feed on mosses o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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