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Hwabaek
The Hwabaek () or Council of nobles, served as the chief royal council in Silla, it is composed of the nobles of higher rank( Jingol) and headed by the Sangdaedeung. The Hwabaek council decided the most important state affairs, such as succession to the throne and declarations of war. Hwabaek Council(和白會議) are held only when the state has important events, attendees at the council are only nobles(群官, 百官). It was also a unanimous, not majority, system in which a single opponent would not pass the plan.Unlike Baekje was majority rule in Jeongsa Rock Council(政事巖會議) The venue for the Hwabaek Council was decided by taking turns to four sacred places in Silla. It is presumed that the king participated in the early days of the Silla. This is confirmed at the monument of Jijeung of Silla and the Monument of Beopheung of Silla. In 531 the head of the aristocracy, Sangdaedeung was appointed as the presiding, from which time the king left the meeting and the ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silla
Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Founded by Hyeokgeose of Silla, of the Park family, the Korean dynasty was ruled by the Gyeongju Gim (Kim) (김, 金) clan for 586 years, the Miryang Bak (Park) (박, 朴) clan for 232 years and the Wolseong Seok (석, 昔) clan for 172 years. It began as a chiefdom in the Samhan confederacies, once allied with Sui China and then Tang China, until it eventually conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Thereafter, Unified Silla occupied most of the Korean Peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo. After nearly 1,000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief Later Three Kingdoms of Silla, Later Baekje, and Taebong, handing over power to Goryeo in 935. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangdaedeung
{{Short description, Office of the Silla state in Korea Sangdaedeung (상대등, 上大等, the First of Daedeungs or Peers, Extraordinary Rank One) was an office of the Silla state. It was considered as the highest and most prestigious office that one could attain next to the throne itself. It was established during King Beophung's 18th year as a king (531) and survived until the end of Silla. Selection The ''Sangdaedeung'' was chosen from among those men of "true bone" ( jingeol) lineage in Silla's strict aristocratic social order. He presided over the Hwabaek Council (화백, 和白), an advisory and decision–making committee composed of other high–ranking officials holding the office of ''Daedeung'' (대등, 大等). The council‘s primary duties lay in rendering decisions on important state matters, such as succession to the throne and declarations of war.Lee, Ki–baik. ''A New History of Korea'' (translated by Edward W. Wagner with Edward J. Shultz). (Cambridge, MA:Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bone Rank System
The bone-rank system was the system of aristocratic rank used in the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla. It was used to segregate society, and particularly the layers of the aristocracy, on the basis of their hereditary proximity to the throne and the level of authority they were permitted to wield. The idea of royal blood in other societies is a close analogue to the idea of "sacred bone" in Silla thought. Bone rank was strictly hereditary, and thus acted as a caste system. The scholar, Lee Ki-baik (1984, p. 43) considers it to have probably been adopted as part of the administrative law introduced from China and promulgated by King Beopheung in 520. However, this likely did nothing but institute in legal fact what was already a society segregated by bloodline and lineage. Although only two of the five known ranks were referred to as "bone" (골, 骨), the term "bone rank" has become widely used to describe the whole system. A person's bone rank status governed not only offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jijeung Of Silla
Jijeung of Silla (437–514) (r. 500–514) was the List of monarchs of Korea, 22nd ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He is remembered for strengthening royal authority and building Silla into a centralized kingdom. Like many Silla kings, Jijeung was of royal blood on both sides. His father was the ''Galmunwang'' Kim Seup-bo, who was a grandson of Naemul of Silla, Naemul Isageum. His mother was Lady Josaeng, the daughter of Nulji of Silla, Nulji Isageum. Jijeung began his program of legal reform in 502, when he outlawed the custom of burying servants with their masters. In 503, he formally established the country's name as "Silla," it having previously been represented by a variety of Chinese characters. At the same time, he took the title of ''wang'', meaning "king"; he had previously borne the native Silla title of ''maripgan''. Jijeung continued this program in the following years, with a reform of ceremonial dress in 504 and of local administration in 505. In tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beopheung Of Silla
Beopheung of Silla (r. 514–540 AD) was the 23rd monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was preceded by King Jijeung (r. 500–514) and succeeded by King Jinheung. By the time of his reign, Buddhism had become fairly common in Silla, as it had been introduced much earlier by Goguryeo monks during King Nulji's reign. One of King Beopheung's ministers, a man named Ichadon, was a Buddhist convert who had even shaved his head and took the tonsure. He constantly implored the king to adopt Buddhism as the state religion, and in fact King Beopheung himself had become fond of Buddha's teachings. However, the other ministers of Silla were greatly opposed to this, and expressed such defiance to the king. Beopheung, having been persuaded by his ministers, was at a crossroads, and encountered great reluctance to change. At this time, Ichadon suggested his own martyrdom and pleaded with the king to execute him in public for the cause of Buddhism. This the king refused t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinji Of Silla
King Jinji of Silla (r. 576–579) was the 25th ruler of the Korean Kingdom of Silla. He was dethroned three years after his accession. Biography King Jinji's birth name was either Saryun (사륜, 舍輪) or Geumryun (금륜, 金輪), and he was the second son of King Jinheung of Silla and Queen Sado of the Park Clan. His elder brother, Crown Prince Dongryun, died in 572 CE, and Saryun was made crown prince. In 576 CE, Saryun ascended the throne as the 25th king of Silla. His accession to the throne was received with mixed views, with some objecting to his way of life. Reign Silla continued to face attacks by Baekje during Jinji's reign. In the second year of his reign (577 CE), Baekje invaded Silla's west. The Silla army under the command of Sejong (세종, 世宗) defeated Baekje, and Jinji had several fortresses, including Naeriseo Fortress (내리서성, 內利西城), built. The next year, however, Silla lost Aryasan Fortress (알야산성, 閼也山城) to Baekje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munmu Of Silla
Munmu of Silla (626–681; reigned 661–681) was the 30th king of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He is usually considered to have been the first ruler of the Unified Silla period. Munmu was the son of King Muyeol and Munmyeong, who was the younger sister of Gim Yu-sin. Under his father's reign, he held the office of ''pajinchan'', who apparently was responsible for maritime affairs, and played a key role in developing the country's diplomatic links with Tang China. He was born Prince Beopmin (Hangul: 법민 Hanja: 法敏), and took the name Munmu when he succeeded his father to the throne. After his death, he was known by the title of ''Dragon King''. Family *Father : King Muyeol *Mother: Queen Munmyeong (Hangul: 문명왕후, Hanja: 文明王后) of the Gimhae Kim clan *Spouse: Queen Jaeui, of the Kim Clan (자의왕후 김씨; d.681) **Son: Prince Somyeong (?-665) **Son: Prince Jeong-myeong–who became King Sinmun, the 31st of Silla ** Unification of Three Kingdoms King Mun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinmun Of Silla
Sinmun of Silla (r. 681–692) was the thirty-first king of Silla, a Korean state that originated in the southwestern Korean peninsula and went on to unify most of the peninsula under its rule in the mid 7th century. He was the eldest son of Silla's unifier-king, Munmu and Queen Jaeui. Sinmun's reign may be characterized by his attempts to consolidate royal authority following unification and to reorganize and systematize the governing apparatus of the newly enlarged Silla state. Sinmun was named crown prince by Munmu in 665. He came to power in the immediate wake of Silla's unification of the peninsula following its defeats of rival Baekje and Goguryeo with military aid from Tang China, and then its check of Tang ambitions to establish its hegemony over the peninsula. It was in late summer 681, not long after coming to power (the official period of mourning was in fact still in effect for the recently deceased King Munmu), that a serious revolt broke out against royal authority. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Sui
The ''Book of Sui'' (''Suí Shū'') is the official history of the Sui dynasty. It ranks among the official Twenty-Four Histories of imperial China. It was written by Yan Shigu, Kong Yingda, and Zhangsun Wuji, with Wei Zheng as the lead author. In the third year of Zhenguan of the Tang dynasty (629), Emperor Taizong of Tang ordered Fang Xuanling to supervise the completion of the Book of Sui, which was being compiled around the same time as other official histories were being written. The Book of Sui was completed in 636 AD, the same year as the ''Book of Chen'' was completed. Contents The format used in the text follows the composite historical biography format (斷代紀傳體) established by Ban Gu in the '' Book of the Later Han'' with three sections: annals (紀), treatises (志), and biographies (傳). The extensive set of 30 treatises, sometimes translated as "monographs", in the ''Book of Sui'' was completed by a separate set of authors and added in 656 – 20 yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Book Of Tang
The ''Old Book of Tang'', or simply the ''Book of Tang'', is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it was superseded by the ''New Book of Tang'' which was compiled in the Song dynasty, but later regained acceptance. The credited editor was chief minister Liu Xu, but the bulk (if not all) of the editing work was actually completed by his predecessor Zhao Ying. The authors include Zhang Zhao, Jia Wei (), and Zhao Xi ().Zhao YiCh. 16 "Old and New Books of Tang" () ''Notes on Twenty-two Histories'' ( ). Structure The ''Old Book of Tang'' comprises 200 volumes. Volumes 1–20 contain the annals of the Tang emperors. Twitchett notes that coverage over time in the annals is most dense during the early and middle Tang, including only very sparse information in the late Tang after 847. Volumes 21–50 contain treatises, includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political History Of Korea
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
