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Holomastigotoides
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holomastigotoides Bigfooti
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holomastigotoides Hartmanni
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holomastigotoides Oxyrhynchus
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holomastigotoides Mirabile
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holomastigotoides Aureus
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holomastigotoides Batututi
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holomastigotoides Minor
''Holomastigotoides'' is a genus of parabasalids found in the hindgut of lower termites. It is characterized by its dense, organized arrangement of flagella on the cell surface and the presence of a mitotic spindle outside its nucleus during the majority of its cell cycle. As a symbiont of termites, ''Holomastigotoides'' is able to ingest wood and aid its host in digestion. In return, ''Holomastigotoides'' is supplied with a stable habitat and steady supply of food. ''Holomastigotoides'' has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. Taxonomy ''Holomastigotoides'' was first described by Max Hartmann in 1910. Hartmann mistakenly identified ''Holomastigotoides'' as the female form of the parabasalid ''Trichonympha hertwigi'', which he observed living in a species of termite, ''Coptotermes sp.'', in Brazil. After initial discovery, Giovanni Battista Grassi and Anna Foa reclassified Hartmann's “male” form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Termite
Termites are small insects that live in colonies and have distinct castes (eusocial) and feed on wood or other dead plant matter. Termites comprise the infraorder Isoptera, or alternatively the epifamily Termitoidae, within the order Blattodea (along with cockroaches). Termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from cockroaches, as they are deeply nested within the group, and the sister group to wood eating cockroaches of the genus ''Cryptocercus''. Previous estimates suggested the divergence took place during the Jurassic or Triassic. More recent estimates suggest that they have an origin during the Late Jurassic, with the first fossil records in the Early Cretaceous. About 3,106 species are currently described, with a few hundred more left to be described. Although these insects are often called "white ants", they are not ants, and are not closely related to ants. Like ants and some bees a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Albert von Kölliker in 1857 in the voluntary muscles of insects. The term ''mitochondrion'' was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 article of the same name. Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A large number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids and diplomonads, have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. One eukaryote, ''Monocercomonoides'', is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, and one multicellular organism, '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinetochore
A kinetochore (, ) is a disc-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. The kinetochore assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis. The term kinetochore was first used in a footnote in a 1934 Cytology book by Lester W. Sharp and commonly accepted in 1936. Sharp's footnote reads: "The convenient term ''kinetochore'' (= movement place) has been suggested to the author by J. A. Moore", likely referring to John Alexander Moore who had joined Columbia University as a freshman in 1932. Monocentric organisms, including vertebrates, fungi, and most plants, have a single centromeric region on each chromosome which assembles a single, localized kinetochore. Holocentric organisms, such as nematodes and some plants, assemble a kinetochore along the entire length of a chromosome. Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parabasalid
The parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata. Most of these eukaryotic organisms form a symbiotic relationship in animals. These include a variety of forms found in the intestines of termites and cockroaches, many of which have symbiotic bacteria that help them digest cellulose in woody plants. Other species within this supergroup are known parasites, and include human pathogens. Characteristics The flagella are arranged in one or more clusters near the anterior of the cell. Their basal bodies are linked to parabasal fibers that attach to prominent Golgi complexes, distinctive to the group. Usually they also give rise to a sheet of cross-like microtubules that runs down the center of the cell and in some cases projects past the end. This is called the axostyle, but is different in structure from the axostyles of oxymonads. Parabasalids are anaerobic, and lack mitochondria, but this is now known to be a result of secondary loss, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrin
Centrins, also known as caltractins, are a family of calcium-binding phosphoproteins found in the centrosome of eukaryotes. Centrins are present in the centrioles and pericentriolar lattice. Human centrin genes are CETN1, CETN2 and CETN3. History Centrin was first isolated and characterized from the flagellar roots of the green alga ''Tetraselmis striata'' in 1984. Function Centrins are required for duplication of centrioles. They may also play a role in severing of microtubules by causing calcium-mediated contraction. The majority of centrin in the cell is non-centrosomal whose function is not yet clear. Structure Centrin belongs to the EF-hand superfamily of calcium-binding proteins and has four calcium-binding EF-hands. It has a molecular weight of 20 kDa. See also * Centriole * Centrosome In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') (archaically cytocentre) is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
