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Hokuto Iboshi
was an Ainu waka poet and social activist. He devoted his life to improving the standing of the Ainu people, expressing his ideas as tanka in newspapers and magazines and influencing the Ainu youth of the time. He also circulated around the Ainu ''kotan'' (villages) of Hokkaido, preaching of the need for unity and the formation of an Ainu identity. Along with Yaeko Batchelor and , Iboshi is counted as one of the . He has been called the " Takuboku of the Ainu". Life Childhood Hokuto was born in 1901 in the first district of Ōgawa-chō in the town of Yoichi, the third son of his father Jinsaku and mother Haru. Jinsaku made his living fishing for herring, but was also an accomplished bear hunter. The Iboshi family name dated back to the time of Hokuto's grandfather Manjirō. Manjirō went in 1872 to study in Tokyo on the grounds of Zōjō-ji, at the "Aborigine Education Facility" associated with the Kaitakushi (Hokkaido Development Commission). With excellent grades ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ainu People
The Ainu are the indigenous people of the lands surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk, including Hokkaido Island, Northeast Honshu Island, Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, the Kamchatka Peninsula and Khabarovsk Krai, before the arrival of the Yamato Japanese and Russians. These regions are referred to as in historical Japanese texts. Official estimates place the total Ainu population of Japan at 25,000. Unofficial estimates place the total population at 200,000 or higher, as the near-total assimilation of the Ainu into Japanese society has resulted in many individuals of Ainu descent having no knowledge of their ancestry. As of 2000, the number of "pure" Ainu was estimated at about 300 people. In 1966, there were about 300 native Ainu speakers; in 2008, however, there were about 100. Names This people's most widely known ethnonym, "Ainu" ( ain, ; ja, アイヌ; russian: Айны) means "human" in the Ainu language, particularly as opposed to , divine beings. Ainu also i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shinjuku
is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative centre, housing the northern half of the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration centre for the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, government of Tokyo. As of 2018, the ward has an estimated population of 346,235, and a population density of 18,232 people per km2. The total area is 18.23 km2. Since the end of the Second World War, Shinjuku has been a major secondary center of Tokyo (Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line#History, ''fukutoshin''), rivaling to the original city center in Marunouchi and Ginza. It literally means "New Inn Ward". Shinjuku is also commonly used to refer to the entire area surrounding Shinjuku Station. The southern half of this area and of the station in fact belong to Yoyogi and Sendagaya districts of the neighboring Shibuya, Tokyo, Shibuya ward. Geography Shinjuku is surrounded by Chiyoda, Tokyo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noboribetsu, Hokkaido
is a city in Iburi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. Part of Shikotsu-Toya National Park, it is southwest of Sapporo, west of Tomakomai and northeast of Hakodate. As of September 2016, the city has an estimated population of 49,523, and a population density of 230 persons per km2. The total area is 212.11 km2. The city office is in Horobetsu. The town of Noboribetsu is at the mouth of the Noboribetsu river and is therefore a much narrower area. Geography The mountains dominate the west and north while the plains dominate around five km within the coastline. There are three towns along the Pacific Ocean: from northeast to southwest, Noboribetsu, Horobetsu and Washibetsu. These ''betsu'' are derived from "river" in the Ainu language. Noboribetsu is on the Noboribetsu River. Horobetsu and Washibetsu are on the Iburi-horobetsu River and the Washibetsu River respectively. Origin of name The name, Noboribetsu, derives from an Ainu word, ''nupur-pet,'' which means dark-colored r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ueno Station
is a major railway station in Tokyo's Taitō ward. It is the station used to reach the Ueno district and Ueno Park—which contains Tokyo National Museum, The National Museum of Western Art, Ueno Zoo, Tokyo University of the Arts and other famous cultural facilities. A major commuter hub, it is also the traditional terminus for long-distance trains from northern Japan, although with the extension of the Shinkansen lines to Tokyo Station this role has diminished in recent years. A similar extension of conventional lines extended Takasaki Line, Utsunomiya Line and Joban Line services to Tokyo Station via the Ueno-Tokyo Line in March 2015, using existing little-used tracks and a new viaduct; the Ueno-Tokyo Line connects these lines with the Tokaido Main Line, allowing through services to Shinagawa, Yokohama, Odawara and Atami stations. Ueno Station is close to Keisei Ueno Station, the Tokyo terminus of the Keisei Main Line to Narita Airport Station. Lines This station is serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokuchūkai
The is a lay-oriented Nichiren Buddhist group. It was founded by Tanaka Chigaku in 1880 as and renamed in 1884 before adopting its current name in 1914. History The lay Nichiren Buddhist organization''Britannica Kokusai Dai-hyakkajiten'' article "Kokuchūkai". 2007. Britannica Japan Co. now known as the Kokuchūkai was founded by Tanaka Chigaku in 1880 as ''Rengekai'' ("Lotus Blossom Society") and renamed ''Risshō Ankokukai'' in 1884 before adopting its current name in 1914.Eiichi Ōtani''Ajia no Bukkyō-nashonarizumu no Hikaku-bunseki''("A Comparative Analysis of Buddhist Nationalism in Asia"). International Research Center for Japanese Studies. p 115 The group's modern name is derived from a passage in the ', a writing of the founder of Nichiren Buddhism, the 13th-century monk Nichiren, which reads . Originally based in Yokohama, the group shifted its head office to Tokyo, Kyoto-Osaka, Kamakura and Miho, Shizuoka Prefecture before finally moving back to Tokyo.Jacqueline I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nichiren Buddhist
Nichiren Buddhism ( ja, 日蓮仏教), also known as Hokkeshū ( ja, 法華宗, meaning ''Lotus Sect'') is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282) and is one of the Kamakura period schools. Its teachings derive from some 300–400 extant letters and treatises either authored by or attributed to Nichiren. Nichiren Buddhism generally sources its basic doctrine from the Lotus Sutra claiming that all sentient beings possess an internal Buddha-nature capable of attaining Buddhahood in the current life. There are three essential aspects to Nichiren Buddhism: # The faith in Nichiren's Gohonzon # The chanting of '' Namu Myoho Renge Kyo'' with varying recitations of the Lotus Sutra # The study of Nichiren's scriptural writings, called ''Gosho''. After his death, Nichiren left to both his senior disciples and lay followers the mandate to widely propagate the ''Gohonzon'' and chanting the '' Daimoku'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanaka Chigaku
was a Japanese Buddhist scholar and preacher of Nichiren Buddhism, orator, writer and ultranationalist propagandist in the Meiji, Taishō and early Shōwa periods. He is considered to be the father of Nichirenism, the fiercely ultranationalistic blend of Nichiren Buddhism and Japanese Nationalism espoused by such figures as Nissho Inoue, Kanji Ishiwara and Ikki Kita. Notably, however, the children's writer, poet, and rural activist Kenji Miyazawa also idolized Tanaka, and both Miyazawa and Ishiwara joined his flagship organization, the Kokuchūkai, in 1920. Early life Born Tada Tomonosuke in Tokyo (then called Edo), the third son of a noted physician and former devotee of Pure Land Buddhism who had converted to Nichiren Buddhism, Tanaka was placed under the care of the Rev. Kawase Nichiren following the death of his parents in 1870. Enrolled as a novice at Kawase's temple, he later entered the Nichiren Buddhist academy of Daikyo-in (the predecessor to Rissho University), dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iha Fuyū
was the father of Okinawaology and a Japanese scholar who studied various aspects of Japanese and Okinawan culture, customs, linguistics, and lore. His signature was Ifa Fuyu in English, because of the Okinawan pronunciation. Iha studied linguistics in the University of Tokyo and was devoted to the study of Okinawan linguistics, folklore, and history. His most famous book on the subject, ''Ko Ryūkyū'' (''Old Ryūkyū''), was published in 1911 and remains one of the best works on Okinawan studies. He devoted much time to the discovery of the origins of Okinawan people to establish their history. He had considerable influence not only on the study of Okinawan folklore but also of Japanese folklore. Life *In 1876, he was born in Naha as an eldest son of a lower-class pechin. *In 1891, he entered Okinawa Middle School, now corresponding to Shuri High School. *In 1895, he was dismissed from school, because he was a leader of a student strike; they requested the resignation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folklorist
Folklore studies, less often known as folkloristics, and occasionally tradition studies or folk life studies in the United Kingdom, is the branch of anthropology devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currency in the 1950s to distinguish the academic study of traditional culture from the Cultural artifact, folklore artifacts themselves. It became established as a field across both Europe and North America, coordinating with ''Volkskunde'' (German language, German), ''folkeminner'' (Norwegian language, Norwegian), and ''folkminnen'' (Swedish language, Swedish), among others. Overview The importance of folklore and folklore studies was recognized globally in 1982 in the UNESCO document "Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore". UNESCO again in 2003 published a Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Parallel to these global statements, the American Folklife Preservation Act (P.L. 94-20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mashiho Chiri
Mashiho Chiri () (February 24, 1909 June 9, 1961) was an Ainu people, Ainu linguist and anthropologist. He was best known for creating Ainu-Japanese dictionaries. Biography Chiri was born on February 24, 1909 in what is now Noboribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. His older sister is Yukie Chiri and his aunt is Imekanu. Though they were both native Ainu speakers, Chiri was not. He was taught Japanese, and learned the Ainu language when he was in high school. He graduated from the Hokkaido Muroran Sakae High School. He had excellent grades, but couldn't afford go to college. Instead he worked at a local government office. Later, Kyōsuke Kindaichi, Kindaichi Kyosuke recognized his intelligence and invited Chiri to stay at his house in Tokyo and attend the . Chiri took him up on his offer, and graduated in 1933. He then studied at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo Imperial University and graduated from the literature department in 1937. He was the first Ainu to enter the university. He earned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Batchelor (missionary)
Archdeacon John Batchelor D.D., OBE (20 March 1855 – 2 April 1944) was an Anglican English missionary to the Ainu people of Japan until 1941. First sent under the auspices of the Church Mission Society of the Church of England, Batchelor lived from 1877 to 1941 among the indigenous Ainu communities in the Northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. He was a charismatic and iconoclastic missionary for the Anglican Church in Japan and published highly regarded work on the language and culture of the Ainu people. Batchelor only reluctantly left Japan at the outbreak of the Second World War in 1941. Early life and missionary career John Batchelor was born in Uckfield, East Sussex son of William Batchelor, a local tailor and parish clerk. Batchelor attended Uckfield Grammar School and with the support of the Rev. E.T. Cardale was accepted as a candidate for study at the Church Missionary Society College, Islington. On 22 September 1875, Batchelor set out with a group of Church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yukie Chiri
was a Japanese transcriber and translator of Yukar (Ainu epic tales). Life Yukie Chiri was born into an Ainu people, Ainu family in Noboribetsu, Hokkaidō during the Meiji (era), Meiji era. At the time, increasing immigration of Japanese people to Hokkaidō forced the Ainu into being relocated and, in many cases, having their means of livelihood being taken from them. The Japanese outlawed bear sacrifice as cruel, and stigmatized other cultural differences. The Ainu were viewed as a backward people, and it was the policy of the government to assimilate them into the Japanese way of life. The Ainu themselves, for the most part, saw this as the best (and perhaps only) way to survive the changing times. Chiri herself expressed more astonishment than resentment. She wrote, "In a twinkling the natural landscape as it had been since the ancient past has vanished; what has become of the folk who joyfully made their living in its fields and mountains? The few of us fellow kinspeople who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
