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Hokovirus
''Hokovirus'' (HokV) is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA-containing viruses (NCLDV). This genus was detected during the analysis of metagenome samples of bottom sediments of reservoirs at the wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. New ''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV), ''Catovirus'' and '' Indivirus'' genera (all found in these sewage waters) were also described together with ''Hokovirus'', building up a putative virus subfamily '' Klosneuvirinae'' (Klosneuviruses) with KNV as type genus. ''Hokovirus'' has a large genome of 1.33 million base pairs (881 gene families). This is the third largest genome among known Klosneuviruses after KNV (1.57 million base pairs, 1272 gene families) and ''Catovirus''. GC content is 21.4 % Classification of metagenome, made by analyzing 18S rRNA indicate that their hosts are relate to the simple Cercozoa. Phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. Some authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosneuviruses together w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraparvovirus
Tetraparvovirus are a genus of viruses in the family ''Parvoviridae''. There are six recognized species: '' Chiropteran tetraparvovirus 1'', '' Primate tetraparvovirus 1'', '' Ungulate tetraparvovirus 1'', '' Ungulate tetraparvovirus 2'', '' Ungulate tetraparvovirus 3'', and '' Ungulate tetraparvovirus 4''. History The first member of this genus was identified in 2001 in pig serum and designated Porcine parvovirus 2.Hijikata M, Abe K, Win KM, Shimizu YK, Keicho N, ''et al'' (2001) Identification of new parvovirus DNA sequence in swine sera from Myanmar. Jpn J. Infect. Dis 54: 244-245. The first human tetraparvovirus, PARV4, was described in 2005.Jones MS, Kapoor A, Lukashov VV, Simmonds P, Hecht F, ''et al'' (2005) New DNA viruses identified in patients with acute viral infection syndrome. J Virol 79: 8230–8236. These new viruses were recognised as being related to but distinct from the known parvoviruses. They were isolated from a group of patients who had engaged in high risk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimiviridae
''Mimiviridae'' is a family of viruses. Amoeba and other protists serve as natural hosts. The family is divided in up to 4 subfamilies., UCPMS ID: 1889607PDF/ref> Fig. 4 and §Discussion: "Considering that tupanviruses comprise a sister group to amoebal mimiviruses…" Viruses in this family belong to the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus clade (NCLDV), also referred to as giant viruses. ''Mimiviridae'' is the sole recognized member of order ''Imitervirales''. ''Phycodnaviridae'' and ''Pandoraviridae'' of ''Algavirales'' are sister groups of ''Mimiviridae'' in many phylogenetic analyses. History The first member of this family, Mimivirus, was discovered in 2003, and the first complete genome sequence was published in 2004. However, the mimivirus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus was isolated and partially characterized in 1995, although the host was misidentified at the time, and the virus was designated BV-PW1. Taxonomy Group: dsDNA Family ''Mimiviridae'' is currently div ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klosneuvirus
''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV, also KloV) is a new type of giant virus found by the analysis of low-complexity metagenomes from a wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. It has a 1.57-Mb genome coding unusually high number of genes typically found in cellular organisms, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for 19 different amino acids, over 10 translation factors and several tRNA-modifying enzymes. ''Klosneuvirus'', ''Indivirus'', ''Catovirus'' and ''Hokovirus'', are part of a group of giant viruses denoted as Klosneuviruses or '' Klosneuvirinae'', a proposed subfamily of the ''Mimiviridae''. Species in this clade include ''Bodo saltans virus'' infecting the kinetoplastid ''Bodo saltans''. Phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. As Klosneuviruses are related to ''Mimivirus'', it was proposed to put them all together into a subfamily ''Megavirinae''. Other authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosneuviruses just t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catovirus
''Catovirus'' (CatV) is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA-containing viruses (nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses). This genus was detected during the analysis of metagenome samples of bottom sediments of reservoirs at the wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. New ''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV), '' Hokovirus'' and '' Indivirus'' genera (all found in these sewage waters) were also described together with ''Catovirus'', building up a putative virus subfamily '' Klosneuvirinae'' (Klosneuviruses) with KNV as type genus. ''Catovirus'' has a large genome of 1.53 million base pairs (1176 gene families). This is the second largest genome among known Klosneuviruses after KNV (1.57 million base pairs, 1272 gene families). GC content is 26.4 % Classification of metagenome, made by analyzing 18S rRNA indicate that their hosts are relate to the simple Cercozoa. Phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. Some authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosneuviru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indivirus
''Indivirus'' (IndV) is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA-containing viruses (NCLDV). This genus was detected during the analysis of metagenome samples of bottom sediments of reservoirs at the wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. New ''Klosneuvirus'' (KNV), ''Hokovirus'' and ''Catovirus'' genera (all found in these sewage waters) were also described together with ''Indivirus'', building up a putative virus subfamily '' Klosneuvirinae'' (Klosneuviruses) with KNV as type genus. ''Indivirus'' has a genome of 0.86 million base pairs (660 gene families). This is the smallest genome among Klosneuviruses as mentioned above. GC content is 26.6 % Classification of metagenome, made by analyzing 18S rRNA indicate that their hosts are relate to the simple Cercozoa. Phylogenetic tree topology of ''Mimiviridae'' is still under discussion. Some authors (CNS 2018) like to put Klosneuviruses together with '' Cafeteria roenbergensis virus'' (CroV) and ''Bodo saltans virus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercozoa
Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major eukaryotic group to be recognized mainly through molecular phylogenies. They are the natural predators of many species of microbacteria and Archea. They are closely related to the phylum Retaria, comprising amoeboids that usually have complex shells, and together form a supergroup called Rhizaria. Characteristics The group includes most amoeboids and flagellates that feed by means of filose pseudopods. These may be restricted to part of the cell surface, but there is never a true cytostome or mouth as found in many other protozoa. They show a variety of forms and have proven difficult to define in terms of structural characteristics, although their unity is strongly supported by phylogenetic studies. Diversity Some cercozoans are grouped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Girus
A giant virus, sometimes referred to as a girus, is a very large virus, some of which are larger than typical bacteria. All known giant viruses belong to the phylum '' Nucleocytoviricota''. Description While the exact criteria as defined in the scientific literature vary, giant viruses are generally described as viruses having large, pseudo- icosahedral capsids (200 to 400 nanometers in diameter) that may be surrounded by a thick (approximately 100 nm) layer of filamentous protein fibers. The viruses have large, double-stranded DNA genomes (300 to >1000 kilobasepairs) that encode a large contingent of genes (of the order of 1000 genes). The best characterized giant viruses are the phylogenetically related mimivirus and megavirus, which belong to the family ''Mimiviridae'' (aka ''Megaviridae''), and are distinguished by their large capsid diameters. Giant viruses from the deep ocean, terrestrial sources, and human patients contain genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP; P450) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses
''Nucleocytoviricota'' is a phylum of viruses. Members of the phylum are also known as the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), which serves as the basis of the name of the phylum with the suffix - for virus phylum. These viruses are referred to as nucleocytoplasmic because they are often able to replicate in both the host's cell nucleus and cytoplasm. The phylum is notable for containing the giant viruses. There are nine families of NCLDVs that all share certain genomic and structural characteristics; however, it is uncertain whether the similarities of the different families of this group have a common viral ancestor. One feature of this group is a large genome and the presence of many genes involved in DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Typically, viruses with smaller genomes do not contain genes for these processes. Most of the viruses in this family also replicate in both the host's nucleus and cytoplasm, thus the name nucleocytoplasmic. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodo Saltans Virus
The Bodo saltans virus is a giant virus of the ''Mimiviridae'' family that infects the protozoa ''Bodo saltans''. It has a genome of 1.39 megabases A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DN ..., one of the largest known viral genomes. References Mimiviridae {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cafeteria Roenbergensis Virus
''Cafeteria roenbergensis virus'' (CroV) is a giant virus that infects the marine bicosoecid flagellate ''Cafeteria roenbergensis'', a member of the microzooplankton community. History The virus was isolated from seawater samples collected from the Gulf of Mexico during 1989 to 1991, on a flagellate host that was misidentified as belonging to the genus ''Bodo''; hence the original designation of the virus as BV-PW1. The virus was shown to be about 300 nm in diameter and have a complex internal structure, as well as evidence of a putative tail-like structure Further work on the virus indicated that the host was an isolate of the genus ''Cafeteria'' and that the genome had a G+C content of ~34%. Further analysis suggested that the helicase of the virus was phylogenetically related to those found in the family '' Asfarviridae'', and that the virus shared properties with members of the Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses group. CroV has one of the largest genomes of all marine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base Pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" (or "Watson–Crick–Franklin") base pairs (guanine–cytosine and adenine–thymine) allow the DNA helix to maintain a regular helical structure that is subtly dependent on its nucleotide sequence. The Complementarity (molecular biology), complementary nature of this based-paired structure provides a redundant copy of the genetic information encoded within each strand of DNA. The regular structure and data redundancy provided by the DNA double helix make DNA well suited to the storage of genetic information, while base-pairing between DNA and incoming nucleotides provides the mechanism through which DNA polymerase replicates DNA and RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RRNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and mechanical factor of the ribosome that forces transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in most cells; it makes up about 80% of cellular RNA despite never being translated into proteins itself. Ribosomes are composed of approximately 60% rRNA and 40% ribosomal proteins by mass. Structure Although the primary structure of rRNA sequences can vary across organisms, base-pairing within these sequences commonly forms stem-loop configurations. The length and position of these rRNA stem-loops allow them to create three-di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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