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Hippoboscoidea
Hippoboscoidea is a superfamily of the Calyptratae. The flies in this superfamily are blood-feeding obligate parasites of their hosts. Four families are often placed here: * Glossinidae - Tsetse flies *Hippoboscidae - Ked flies *Nycteribiidae - Bat flies *Streblidae - Bat flies (Note that the Mystacinobiidae, while also a bat fly, belongs to the superfamily Oestroidea). The Hippoboscidae are commonly called louse flies or ked flies. The bat flies are Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (along with Mystacinobiidae); the Streblidae are probably not monophyletic. The family Glossinidae, monotypic as to genus, contains the tsetse flies, economically important as the vectors of trypanosomiasis. The enigmatic Mormotomyiidae are believed to belong to the Ephydroidea and not to Hippoboscoidea as previously construed. In older literature, this group is often referred to as the Pupipara ("pupa A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippoboscoidea
Hippoboscoidea is a superfamily of the Calyptratae. The flies in this superfamily are blood-feeding obligate parasites of their hosts. Four families are often placed here: * Glossinidae - Tsetse flies *Hippoboscidae - Ked flies *Nycteribiidae - Bat flies *Streblidae - Bat flies (Note that the Mystacinobiidae, while also a bat fly, belongs to the superfamily Oestroidea). The Hippoboscidae are commonly called louse flies or ked flies. The bat flies are Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (along with Mystacinobiidae); the Streblidae are probably not monophyletic. The family Glossinidae, monotypic as to genus, contains the tsetse flies, economically important as the vectors of trypanosomiasis. The enigmatic Mormotomyiidae are believed to belong to the Ephydroidea and not to Hippoboscoidea as previously construed. In older literature, this group is often referred to as the Pupipara ("pupa A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nycteribiidae
Nycteribiidae is a family of the true fly superfamily Hippoboscoidea are known as "bat flies", together with their close relatives the Streblidae. As the latter do not seem to be a monophyletic group, it is conceivable that bat flies cannot be united into a single family. They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and as such bear very little resemblance to other Dipterans. These flies are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they almost never leave the bodies of their hosts. Both males and females take blood meals, thus they qualify as real parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the Old World tropics; a few of the 274 known species occur in the Neotropics and in Europe. Genera * Subfamily Archinycteribiinae Maa, 1975 :* '' Archinycteribia'' Speiser, 1901 *Subfamily Cyclopodiinae Maa, 1965 :* '' Cyclopodia'' Kolenati, 1863 :* '' Dipseliopoda'' Theodor, 1955 :* '' Eucampsipoda'' Kolenati, 1857 :* '' Leptocy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calyptratae
Calyptratae is a subsection of Schizophora in the insect order Diptera, commonly referred to as the calyptrate muscoids (or simply calyptrates). It consists of those flies which possess a calypter that covers the halteres, among which are some of the most familiar of all flies, such as the house fly. About 18,000 described species are in this group, or about 12% of all the flies yet described. Subsection *Superfamily Muscoidea *:Anthomyiidae - cabbage flies *:Fanniidae *:Muscidae - house flies *:Scathophagidae - dung flies *Superfamily Oestroidea *:Calliphoridae *:Mystacinobiidae *:Oestridae *:Rhinophoridae *:Sarcophagidae *:Tachinidae *:Ulurumyiidae *Superfamily Hippoboscoidea *: Glossinidae *:Hippoboscidae *:Nycteribiidae *:Streblidae The Mormotomyiidae belong to the Ephydroidea and not to Hippoboscoidea as previously construed. The Streblidae are probably not monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streblidae
The Streblidae are a family of flies in the superfamily Hippoboscoidea, and together with their relatives the Nycteribiidae, are known as bat flies. They are winged or wingless ectoparasites of bats, and often have long legs. They appear to be host-specific, with different species of bat flies occurring only on particular species of bat hosts, sometimes with multiple species of flies sharing a host bat. Systematics The 237 or so species are divided among roughly 33 genera and five subfamilies. The monophyly of this family has not been supported. The streblid subfamily Trichobiinae may be more closely related to the Nycteriboscinae and other lineages in the Nycteribiidae. Several authors favor splitting the family into an Old World lineage consisting of the Ascodipterinae and Nycteriboscinae and a New World lineage containing all other subfamilies. The former would be named Ascodipterinae and the latter would retain the name Streblidae. Alternatively, the Streblidae and Nycter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippoboscidae
__NOTOC__ Hippoboscidae, the louse flies or keds, are obligate parasites of mammals and birds. In this family, the winged species can fly at least reasonably well, though others with vestigial or no wings are flightless and highly apomorphic. As usual in their superfamily Hippoboscoidea, most of the larval development takes place within the mother's body, and pupation occurs almost immediately. The sheep ked, ''Melophagus ovinus'', is a wingless, reddish-brown fly that parasitizes sheep. The Neotropical deer ked, ''Lipoptena mazamae'', is a common ectoparasite of white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus'') in the southeastern United States. Both winged and wingless forms may be seen. A common winged species is ''Hippobosca equina'', called "the louse fly" among riders. Species in other genera are found on birds; for example, ''Ornithomya bequaerti'' has been collected from birds in Alaska. Two species of the Hippoboscidae – '' Ornithoica (Ornithoica) podargi'' and ''Ornit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adenotrophic Viviparity
Adenotrophic viviparity means "gland fed, live birth". This is the reproductive mode of insects such as tsetse flies (Glossinidae), keds (Hippoboscidae) and bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae), as adenotrophic viviparity is a characteristic feature of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea. It has also been observed in members of the subfamily Mesembrinellinae. In adenotrophic viviparity, the eggs (usually one at a time) are retained within the female's body, hatch, and are nourished through "milk glands" until the developed larvae are ready to pupate. The larvae are then 'larviposited' and immediately pupate. This is one way insects avoid predation during their most vulnerable life stage. Following the birth of the juvenile, lactation ceases and a period of involution of the milk gland secretory cells begins where they return to their original size. During this period, embryogenesis begins in the next egg. The glands producing the milk secretions differ between the Hippoboscoidea and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossinidae
Tsetse ( , or ) (sometimes spelled tzetze; also known as tik-tik flies), are large, biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus ''Glossina'', which are placed in their own family, Glossinidae. The tsetse are obligate parasites, which live by feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals. Tsetse have been extensively studied, because of their role in transmitting disease. They have a prominent economic impact in sub-Saharan Africa, as the biological vectors of trypanosomes, causing human and animal trypanosomiasis. Tsetse are multivoltine and long-lived, typically producing about four broods per year, with up to 31 broods over their lifespans. Tsetse can be distinguished from other large flies by two easily-observed features: Primarily, tsetse fold their wings over their abdomens completely when they are resting (so that one wing rests directly on top of the other); Secondly, tsetse also have a long proboscis, extending di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsetse Fly
Tsetse ( , or ) (sometimes spelled tzetze; also known as tik-tik flies), are large, biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus ''Glossina'', which are placed in their own family, Glossinidae. The tsetse are obligate parasites, which live by feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals. Tsetse have been extensively studied, because of their role in transmitting disease. They have a prominent economic impact in sub-Saharan Africa, as the biological vectors of trypanosomes, causing human and animal trypanosomiasis. Tsetse are multivoltine and long-lived, typically producing about four broods per year, with up to 31 broods over their lifespans. Tsetse can be distinguished from other large flies by two easily-observed features: Primarily, tsetse fold their wings over their abdomens completely when they are resting (so that one wing rests directly on top of the other); Secondly, tsetse also have a long proboscis, extending d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mormotomyiidae
The family Mormotomyiidae (Diptera: Ephydroidea) contains only one known species, ''Mormotomyia hirsuta'', commonly known as the frightful hairy flyKirk-Spriggs, A.H., Kotrba, M. & Copeland, R.S. 2011. Further details of the morphology of the enigmatic African fly ''Mormotomyia hirsuta'' Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae). ''African Invertebrates'' 52 (1): 145-16/ref> or terrible hairy fly, which is found in Kenya. The fly was first described by English entomologist Ernest Edward Austen, and specimens have been collected from one location on a mountain in the Ukasi Hill (Okazzi Hills), in a cleft where a bat roost is located; this may possibly be the most restricted geographic distribution for any fly family. The larvae have been collected from bat guano. Adult flies are believed to feed on bodily secretions of bats. The fly measures about 1 cm long, with hairy legs, and, due to its nonfunctional wings and tiny eyes, looks more like a spider than a fly. Specimens have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithomya Avicularia
''Ornithomya avicularia'' is a species of fly in the family Hippoboscidae. It is found in the Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe .... Hutson, A.M. 1984. Keds, flat-flies and bat-flies. Diptera, Hippoboscidae and Nycteribiidae. ''Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects'' 10(7): 1-40. Royal Entomological Society, London The species prefers tree-dwelling birds as hosts. References Hippoboscidae Flies described in 1758 Muscomorph flies of Europe Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Hippoboscoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mystacinobiidae
The New Zealand bat fly (''Mystacinobia zelandica'') is a small, wingless insect which lives in a commensal relationship with the New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat. It is a true fly, in the order Diptera, placed in its own genus, ''Mystacinobia'', and its own family, Mystacinobiidae. Although many other species of bat fly exist throughout the world, the New Zealand bat fly is endemic to the islands of New Zealand.Gibbs, George. (2008). ''Ghosts of Gondwana''. Craig Potton Publishing: Auckland. p16 It appears to be the only insect, parasitic or otherwise, which lives with these bats (fleas, for example, which are common on many other species of bat, are unknown on the short-tailed bat). Description New Zealand bat flies are approximately 4–9 mm long,Ballance, A. and Morris R. (2008). ''Rare Wildlife of New Zealand''. Random House. p39 wingless in both sexes, blind,Meads, Mike. (1990). ''Forgotten Fauna''. DSIR Publishing. p92 and have long, bristly, spider-like legs which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superfamily (zoology)
In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy. A common system consists of species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. While older approaches to taxonomic classification were phenomenological, forming groups on the basis of similarities in appearance, organic structure and behaviour, methods based on genetic analysis have opened the road to cladistics. A given rank subsumes under it less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms. Above it, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of traits or features from common ancestors. The rank of any ''species'' and the description of its ''genus'' is ''basic''; which means that to identify a particular organism, it is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these first two. Consider a particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
