Hilary Chełchowski
Hilary Chełchowski (10 January 1908 – 10 December 1983) was a Polish carpenter and communist politician. Vice-president of the Council of Ministers (1950–1952), Minister of State Agricultural Farms (1951–1954) and member of the State Council (1955–1957), member of the State National Council and the Legislative Sejm and the Sejm of the People's Republic of Poland of the first convocation. Biography He was born into a small-noble family of Feliks, heir to part of the village of Mosaki-Stara Wieś, and Marianna née Milewski. At the age of two orphaned by his father. He received primary education. He worked in the 1930s as a laborer in Warsaw, from 1932 a member of the Communist Party of Poland. During World War II he joined the Gwardia Ludowa and the Armia Ludowa, he used the pseudonym Długi Janek. From 1942 a member of the Polish Workers' Party, in 1943 he was secretary of the party's Lublin district, then (in the same year) of the Radom district. In the year ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Polish United Workers' Party
The Polish United Workers' Party (, ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other legally permitted subordinate minor parties together as the Front of National Unity and later Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth. Ideologically, it was based on the theories of Marxism-Leninism, with a strong emphasis on left-wing nationalism. The Polish United Workers' Party had total control over public institutions in the country as well as the Polish People's Army, the UB and SB security agencies, the Citizens' Militia (MO) police force and the media. The falsified 1947 Polish legislative election granted the Communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) complete political authority in post- war Poland. The PZPR was founded forthwith in December 1948 through the unification of the PPR and the Polish Socialist Party (PPS). From 1952 onward, the position of "First Secretary ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Armia Ludowa
The People's Army (AL; ; ) was a communist partisan force of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR) active in Occupied Poland during World War II from January to July 1944. It was created on the order of the Soviet-backed State National Council to fight against Nazi Germany and support the Red Army against the German forces in Poland. The ''Armia Ludowa'' was formed from the '' Gwardia Ludowa'' ("People's Guard") to aid the creation of a pro-Soviet communist government in Poland and, along with the National Armed Forces, refused to join the structures of the Polish Underground State and Home Army. It participated in a number of uprisings and supported Red Army offensives through Poland. The ''Armia Ludowa'' became part of the new Polish People's Army of the Soviet Polish Armed Forces in the East after seven months of existence. The ''Armia Ludowa'' was heroized in the Polish People's Republic with its size and actions being exaggerated in propaganda in communist Poland. Since the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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1908 Births
This is the longest year in either the Julian or Gregorian calendars, having a duration of 31622401.38 seconds of Terrestrial Time (or ephemeris time), measured according to the definition of mean solar time. Events January * January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the ''Nimrod'' for Antarctica. * January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean and is the 46th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130. * January 13 – A fire breaks out at the Rhoads Opera House in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, killing 171 people. * January 15 – Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first race inclusive sorority is founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C. * January 24 – Robert Baden-Powell's '' Scouting for Boys'' begins publication in London. The book eventually sells over 100 million copies, and effectively begins the worldwide Boy Scout movement. February * February 1 – Lisbon Regicide: Ki ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Kazimierz Mijal
Kazimierz Romuald Mijal (September 15, 1910 – January 28, 2010) was a Polish communist politician and dissident, best known for founding the illegal Communist Party of Poland (Mijal) in opposition to the Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP) in 1965. He was born in Wilków Pierwszy. Biography Born in to a poor peasant family, he Graduated from a Tradesmen's Association Commercial School in Warsaw. He was a sympathizer of the communist movement in Poland however did not join the Communist Party. After marrying the communist activist and painter Jadwiga Gniewkowska, Mijal became politically active during World War II and joined the Polish Workers' Party, collaborating with Paweł Finder, Marceli Nowotko and Bolesław Bierut. After the end of the war and the creation of the Polish People's Republic Mijal held various positions in the party and the state. He served as Mayor of Łódź, chief of the Presidential Chancellery, chief of the Bureau of the Council of Ministers, Mini ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Communist Party Of Poland (Mijal)
The Communist Party of Poland (Mijal, sometimes called Marxist–Leninist) was an illegal anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist communist party founded in 1965 in Albania by Kazimierz Mijal. It was opposed to the Polish United Workers' Party and specifically its leader Władysław Gomułka. It upheld Joseph Stalin against Nikita Khrushchev's criticisms at the 20th Party Congress, instead favoring Maoism and a more hardline stance against the Catholic clergy, which was opposed by Gomułka. Mijal declared himself Secretary General of the "Temporary Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland" and took control of Radio Tirana's Polish wing. Mijal's rhetoric proved unpopular to both Polish workers and the intelligentsia, and calls for workers to strike against the government failed to gain support. The Party was supported by China, which helped smuggle pamphlets in Poland, and also had support from the Belgian Maoist ''La voix du peuple'' (''The Voice of the People''), whi ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Natolin Faction
The Natolinians, or the Natolinian faction ( Polish: ''Natolińczycy'', ''frakcja natolińska''), were a grouping within the leadership of the communist Polish United Workers' Party (the '' PZPR''). Formed around 1956, shortly after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it was named after the palace where its meetings were held, in Warsaw's Natolin district. The main opposition to the Natolinians were the reformist Puławians, who included many PZPR members of Jewish extraction. The Natolinians opposed the post-Stalinist liberalization program (the Polish October "thaw") and, as part of their strategy to seek power, voiced simplistic nationalist and anti-Soviet slogans. The best-known Natolinians included Franciszek Jóźwiak, , Zenon Nowak, Aleksander Zawadzki, Franciszek Mazur, , Kazimierz Mijal, Władysław Dworakowski, and Hilary Chełchowski. The Natolinian faction was also supported by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev because of their pro-Sov ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Polish Population Transfers (1944–1946)
Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwriters * Kevin Polish, an American Paralympian archer Polish may refer to: * Polishing, the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or chemical action ** French polishing, polishing wood to a high gloss finish * Nail polish * Shoe polish * Polish (screenwriting), improving a script in smaller ways than in a rewrite See also * * * Polishchuk (surname) * Polonaise (other) A polonaise ()) is a stately dance of Polish origin or a piece of music for this dance. Polonaise may also refer to: * Polonaises (Chopin), compositions by Frédéric Chopin ** Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 (, ''Heroic Polonaise''; ) * Polon ... {{Disambiguation, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Polish Socialist Youth Union
The Polish Socialist Youth Union (, ZSMP) is an old youth group based in Warsaw. Founded in 1976 under the communist rule from the merger of Union of Socialist Youth together with two other organizations, the ZSMP is a former member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth. It formed the youth faction of the Polish United Workers' Party The Polish United Workers' Party (, ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other legally permitted subordinate minor parti .... External linksZSMP Main WebsiteZSMP Gdansk Polish United Workers' Party Youth wings of political parties in Poland Politics of Poland Youth organisations based in Poland Youth wings of communist parties Socialist organisations in Poland {{communist-youth-org-stub ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Wrocław Voivodeship (1975–1998)
Wrocław Voivodeship () was a voivodeship (province) of Poland that existed from 1975 until 31 December 1998, when it was absorbed into the larger Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Major cities and towns (population in 1995) * Wrocław (642,700) * Oleśnica (38,900) * Oława (31,800) See also * Voivodeships of Poland A voivodeship ( ; ; plural: ) is the highest-level Administrative divisions of Poland, administrative division of Poland, corresponding to a province in many other countries. The term has been in use since the 14th century and is commonly tran ... References Former voivodeships of Poland (1975–1998) States and territories established in 1975 {{poland-geo-stub ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Wrocław
Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland, and the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly from the Sudetes, Sudeten Mountains to the north. In 2023, the official population of Wrocław was 674,132, making it the third-largest city in Poland. The population of the Wrocław metropolitan area is around 1.25 million. Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. The history of the city dates back over 1,000 years; at various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg monarchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia and German Reich, Germany, until it became again part of Poland in 1945 immediately after World War II. Wrocław is a College town, university city with a student population of over 130,000, making it one of the most yo ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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National Council (Poland)
200px, Seat of the Neighbourhood National Council of Żoliborz district of Warsaw, 1970. National Council () was a local level of government in People's Republic of Poland. Introduced by Polish Constitution of 1952, they were elected for a term of office of 3 years in gminas, cities (and some districts), powiats and voivodeships. National Councils had their own presidiums and were subordinate to higher-level National Councils. The National Councils were meant to give the communist government a facade of democracy. In fact the elections were non-free, and National Councils had little autonomy, being almost completely dependent on decisions of Polish United Workers Party (PZPR). The tasks of Voivodeship National Council () were to managing the public life of the Voivodeship, social control over the activities of the Voivode and performing the functions of local self-government of the second instance. It was only the Act on the organization and scope of operation of national coun ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Politburo Of The Polish United Workers' Party
The Politburo was the highest political organ of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, which existed from 1948 to 1990. The Politburo typically had between 9 and 15 members at any one time. Usually, several alternates (or candidates) were also elected to the Politburo, but unlike members, alternates did not possess voting rights. The predecessor of the PUWP was the Polish Workers' Party (). In 1948, it merged with the Polish Socialist Party to form the PUWP. A chronological list of Politburo membership is provided below. Politburo of the Polish Workers' Party, 1944–1948 Politburo of the Polish United Workers Party, 1948-1990 (A) = Alternate (Candidate) Member References {{Reflist Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party Polish politicians Polish United Workers' Party Polish United Workers' Party ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |