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Heterotardigrada
The class Heterotardigrada includes tardigrades (water bears) that have cephalic appendages and legs with four separate but similar digits or claws on each. 444 species have been described. Anatomy The anatomy of the reproductive system is an important defining feature in distinguishing the different groups of tardigrades. Heterotardigrades have gonoducts that open to the outside through a preanal gonopore, rather than opening into the rectum as in the only other confirmed class of tardigrades, the Eutardigrada. The third class, Mesotardigrada Mesotardigrada is one of three classes of tardigrades, consisting of a single species, ''Thermozodium esakii''. The animal reportedly has six claws of equal length at each foot. This species was described in 1937 by German zoologist Gilbert Rah ..., is represented by a single species known from a single specimen that is now lost, and the location from which that specimen was collected has since been destroyed by an earthquake, so its ...
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Heterotardigrada
The class Heterotardigrada includes tardigrades (water bears) that have cephalic appendages and legs with four separate but similar digits or claws on each. 444 species have been described. Anatomy The anatomy of the reproductive system is an important defining feature in distinguishing the different groups of tardigrades. Heterotardigrades have gonoducts that open to the outside through a preanal gonopore, rather than opening into the rectum as in the only other confirmed class of tardigrades, the Eutardigrada. The third class, Mesotardigrada Mesotardigrada is one of three classes of tardigrades, consisting of a single species, ''Thermozodium esakii''. The animal reportedly has six claws of equal length at each foot. This species was described in 1937 by German zoologist Gilbert Rah ..., is represented by a single species known from a single specimen that is now lost, and the location from which that specimen was collected has since been destroyed by an earthquake, so its ...
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Arthrotardigrada
Arthrotardigrada are an order of tardigrades, first described by Marcus in 1927. Families Arthrotardigrada consists of the following families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...: * Anisonychidae * Archechiniscidae * Batillipedidae * Coronarctidae * Halechiniscidae * Neoarctidae * Neostygarctidae * Renaudarctidae * Stygarctidae * Styraconyxidae * Tanarctidae References Further reading * Marcus (1927), ''Zur Anatomie und Ökologie mariner Tardigraden.'' (''On Anatomy and Oecology of Underwater Tardigrades'') Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, vol. 53, p. 487–558. External links * Protostome orders {{Tardigrade-stub ...
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Neostygarctidae
''Neostygarctus'' is a genus of tardigrades. It is the only genus in the family Neostygarctidae. It was named and described by Grimaldi de Zio, D'Addabbo Gallo and Morone De Lucia in 1982. Species The genus includes three species: * ''Neostygarctus acanthophorus'' Grimaldi de Zio, D'Addabbo Gallo & Morone De Lucia, 1982 * ''Neostygarctus lovedeluxe'' Fujimoto & Miyazaki, 2013, named after a Stand from JoJo's Bizarre Adventure that was in turn named after an album by Sade Sade may refer to: People * Marquis de Sade (1740–1814), French aristocrat, writer, and libertine * Sade (singer) (born 1959, Helen Folasade Adu), British Nigerian musician and lead singer of the eponymous band * Sade Baderinwa (born 1969), WAB ...; the discoverers said that the "hairy appearance of the new species appears as if affected by the power of 'Love Deluxe'". * ''Neostygarctus oceanopolis'' Kristensen, Sørensen, Hansen & Zeppilli, 2015 References Further reading *Grimaldi de Zio, D'Addabbo ...
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Tardigrade
Tardigrades (), known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals. They were first described by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, who called them Kleiner Wasserbär ("little water bear"). In 1777, the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani named them Tardigrada (), which means "slow steppers". They have been found in diverse regions of Earth's biospheremountaintops, the deep sea, tropical rainforests, and the Antarctic. Tardigrades are among the most resilient animals known, with individual species able to survive extreme conditions – such as exposure to extreme temperatures, extreme pressures (both high and low), air deprivation, radiation, dehydration, and starvation – that would quickly kill most other known forms of life. Tardigrades have survived exposure to outer space. There are about 1,300 known species in the phylum Tardigrada, a part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa consisting of animals th ...
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Tanarctidae
The Tanarctidae are a family of tardigrade Tardigrades (), known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals. They were first described by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, who called them Kleiner Wasserbär ...s. The family was named and described by Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen and Jeanne Renaud-Mornant in 1980. Genera There are three genera: * '' Actinarctus'' Schulz, 1935 * '' Tanarctus'' Renaud-Debyser, 1959 * '' Zioella'' Renaud-Mornant, 1987 References Further reading *Renaud-Mornant, (1980), ''Description de trois espèces nouvelles du genre Tanarctus Renaud-Debyser, 1959, et création de la sous-famille des Tanarctinae, subfam. nov. (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada).' (''Description of Three New Species of the Genus Tanarctus'') Bulletin of the National Natural History Museum (Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle), Section A: Zoology, Biology and Animal, vol. 2, no 1, p.&nb ...
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Mesotardigrada
Mesotardigrada is one of three classes of tardigrades, consisting of a single species, ''Thermozodium esakii''. The animal reportedly has six claws of equal length at each foot. This species was described in 1937 by German zoologist Gilbert Rahm from a hot spring near Nagasaki, Japan. The inability of taxonomists to replicate Rahm's finding has cast doubt on the accuracy of the description, making ''T. esakii'', and by extension the entire class Mesotardigrada, a ''taxon inquirendum''. Taxonomic ambiguity The type specimen Rahm used as the basis of his description has either been lost or it was never preserved in the first place, which Grothman ''et al''. (2017) suggest is consistent with the lax taxonomic standards of the 1930s. Thus, re-examination of the original specimen is not possible. Complicating matters further, the type locality from which Rahm collected his specimen may have been destroyed by an earthquake and subsequent searches for additional specimens matching ...
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Coronarctidae
The Coronarctidae are a family of tardigrade Tardigrades (), known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals. They were first described by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, who called them Kleiner Wasserbär ...s. The family was first described by Jeanne Renaud-Mornant in 1974. Genera The family consists of two genera, '' Coronarctus'' and '' Trogloarctus''. References Further reading *Renaud-Mornant, 1974 : ''Une nouvelle famille de Tardigrades marins abyssaux: les Coronarctidae fam. nov. (Heterotardigrada).'' Series D, Natural Science, vol. 278, no 24, p. 3087-3090. Tardigrade families {{Tardigrade-stub ...
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Neoarctidae
''Neoarctus primigenius'' is a species of tardigrade. It is the only species in the genus ''Neoarctus'', which is the only genus in the family Neoarctidae. The genus and species were first described and named by Grimaldi de Zio, D'Addabbo Gallo and Morone De Lucia in 1992. The authors first placed the genus in the family Stygarctidae, but it was moved to a separate family in 1998.Bello & Grimaldi de Zio (1998), ''Phylogeny of the genera of the Stygarctidae and related families (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada).'' Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 237, p. 171-183. Description The female holotype is 99 μm long and 36 μm wide. Distribution The species has been found at 38 metres depth on the east coast of the island of Sardinia, in the Gulf of Orosei which is part of the Tyrrhenian Sea The Tyrrhenian Sea (; it, Mar Tirreno , french: Mer Tyrrhénienne , sc, Mare Tirrenu, co, Mari Tirrenu, scn, Mari Tirrenu, nap, Mare Tirreno) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the we ...
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Renaudarctidae
''Renaudarctidae'' are a family of tardigrades. It was first described in 1984 by Reinhardt Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen (born 1948) is a Denmark, Danish invertebrate biologist, noted for the discovery of three new phylum, phyla of microscopic animals: the Loricifera in 1983, the Symbion, Cycliophora in 1995, and the Limnognathia, Micr ... and Robert P. Higgins, and named after biologist Jeanne Renaud-Mornant. Genera The genus includes the following species: * '' Nodarctus'' Fujimoto & Yamasaki, 2017 * '' Renaudarctus'' Kristensen & Higgins, 1984 References Further reading *Kristensen & Higgins, 1984 : ''A new family of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from the Atlantic coast of Florida, U.S.A''. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, vol. 103, no. 3, p. 295-311. Nomenclator Zoologicus info Arthrotardigrada Tardigrade families {{tardigrade-stub ...
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Stygarctidae
The Stygarctidae are a family of tardigrades. The family was first described by Schulz in 1951. The genus '' Neoarctus'' was first placed in the family Stygarctidae, but it was moved to a separate family, Neoarctidae ''Neoarctus primigenius'' is a species of tardigrade. It is the only species in the genus ''Neoarctus'', which is the only genus in the family Neoarctidae. The genus and species were first described and named by Grimaldi de Zio, D'Addabbo Gallo ..., in 1998.Bello & Grimaldi de Zio (1998), ''Phylogeny of the genera of the Stygarctidae and related families (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada).'' Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 237, p. 171-183. Subfamilies and genera They are divided into the following subfamilies and genera: *Megastygarctidinae Bello & de Zio Grimaldi, 1998: **'' Megastygarctides'' McKirdy, Schmidt & McGinty-Bayly, 1976 *Stygarctinae Schulz, 1951: **'' Faroestygarctus'' Hansen, Kristensen & Jørgensen, 2012 **'' Mesostygarctus'' Renaud-Mornant, 1979 **'' Par ...
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Echiniscoidea
Echiniscoidea is an order of tardigrades, a phylum of water-dwelling, eight-legged, segmented micro-animals. It was first described by Richters in 1926.Echiniscoidea
World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...


Families

The order Echiniscoidea consists of the following families:


References



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Echiniscoididae
The Echiniscoididae are a family of tardigrades, water-dwelling, eight-legged, segmented micro-animals. It is one of the four families in the Echiniscoidea order.Echiniscoididae
World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...
The family of Echiniscoididae consists of the following subfamilies and genera:
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