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Hesse-Kassel Vereinsthaler
The Vereinsthaler was the currency of the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) between 1858 and 1873. It replaced the Thaler at par and was replaced by the German Mark at a rate of 1 Vereinsthaler = 3 Mark. The Vereinsthaler was subdivided into 30 ''Silbergroschen The ''Silbergroschen'' was a coin used in Prussia and several other German Confederation states in northern Germany during the 19th century, worth one thirtieth of a Thaler.Friedrich von Schrötter: ''Wörterbuch der Münzkunde.'' 2nd edn. 1970, p ...'', each of 12 '' Heller''. References * External links {{Germany-hist-stub Currencies of Germany Modern obsolete currencies 1858 establishments in Germany 1873 disestablishments in Germany 1860s in Germany 19th-century economic history Electorate of Hesse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vereinsthaler
The Vereinsthaler (, ''union thaler'') was a standard silver coin used in most German states and the Austrian Empire in the years before German unification. The Vereinsthaler was introduced in 1857 to replace the various versions of the North German thaler, many of which were already set at par with the Prussian thaler. While the earlier Prussian Thaler was slightly heavier at th a Cologne mark of fine silver (16.704 grams), the Vereinsthaler contained grams of silver, which was indicated on the coins as one thirtieth of a metric pound (Pfund, equal to 500 grams). Distribution The Vereinsthaler was used as the base for several different currencies. In Prussia and several other northern German states, the Vereinsthaler was the standard unit of account, divided into 30 Silbergroschen, each of 12 Pfennig. See Prussian Vereinsthaler. In Saxony, the Neugroschen was equal to the Prussian Silbergroschen but was divided into 10 Pfennig. See Saxon Vereinsthaler. Some other n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currency
A currency, "in circulation", from la, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. Under this definition, the British Pound Sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and U.S. dollars (US$)) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies. Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance - i.e. legal tender laws may require a particular unit of account for payments to government agencies. Other definitions of the term "curren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electorate Of Hesse
The Electorate of Hesse (german: Kurfürstentum Hessen), also known as Hesse-Kassel or Kurhessen, was a landgraviate whose prince was given the right to elect the Emperor by Napoleon. When the Holy Roman Empire was abolished in 1806, its prince, William I, chose to retain the title of Elector, even though there was no longer an Emperor to elect. In 1807, with the Treaties of Tilsit, the area was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia, but in 1814, the Congress of Vienna restored the electorate. The state was the only electorate within the German Confederation. It consisted of several detached territories to the north of Frankfurt, which survived until the state was annexed by Prussia in 1866 following the Austro-Prussian War. The Elector's formal titles included "Elector of Hesse, Prince of Fulda (''Fürst von Fulda''), Prince of Hersfeld, Hanau, Fritzlar and Isenburg, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain, Nidda, and Schaumburg." History The Landgraviate of Hesse-K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesse-Kassel Thaler
The North German thaler was the currency of the Landgravate, then Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) until 1858. Until 1807, the Thaler was subdivided into 32 ''Albus'', each of 12 '' Heller''. It was worth th a Conventionsthaler from 1754 to 1841. Between 1807 and 1813, the Westphalian Thaler and Westphalian Frank circulated in Hesse-Kassel. The Thaler and Heller were reintroduced in 1813, but without the Albus (the last coins denominated in Albus were issued in 1782). Thus, 384 Heller = 1 Thaler. In 1819, the Thaler was set equal to the Prussian Thaler. In 1841, a new currency system was introduced, dividing the Thaler into 30 ''Silbergroschen'', each of 12 Heller. The Thaler was replaced at par by the Vereinsthaler The Vereinsthaler (, ''union thaler'') was a standard silver coin used in most German states and the Austrian Empire in the years before German unification. The Vereinsthaler was introduced in 1857 to replace the various versions of the North Ge .... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Gold Mark
The German mark (german: Goldmark ; sign: ℳ) was the currency of the German Empire, which spanned from 1871 to 1918. The mark was paired with the minor unit of the pfennig (₰); 100 pfennigs were equivalent to 1 mark. The mark was on the gold standard from 1871–1914, but like most nations during World War I, the German Empire removed the gold backing in August 1914, and gold and silver coins ceased to circulate. After the fall of the Empire due to the November Revolution of 1918, the mark was succeeded by the Weimar Republic's mark, derisively referred to as the Papiermark ("Paper mark") due to hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic from 1918–1923. History The introduction of the German mark in 1873 was the culmination of decades-long efforts to unify the various currencies used by the German Confederation.pp 205-218 https://books.google.com/books?id=GrJCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silbergroschen
The ''Silbergroschen'' was a coin used in Prussia and several other German Confederation states in northern Germany during the 19th century, worth one thirtieth of a Thaler.Friedrich von Schrötter: ''Wörterbuch der Münzkunde.'' 2nd edn. 1970, p. 636. The first ''Silbergroschen'' was issued by the Electorate of Saxony in 1475. This series ended in the 1550s, but the coin was reintroduced in Prussia in 1821 and was adopted by over a dozen other kingdoms, duchies and principalities as they switched to using the Prussian currency system of 12 ''Pfennig'' = 1 ''Silbergroschen'', 30 ''Silbergroschen'' = 1 ''Thaler'' (name changed to ''Vereinsthaler'' after 1857). ''Silbergroschen'' were replaced with 10 ''Pfennig'' pieces when the German Empire decimalized following unification in 1871. References See also *Saxon coin history The history of Saxon coinage or Meissen-Saxon coinage comprises three major periods: the high medieval regional pfennig period (bracteate period), th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heller (money)
The ''Heller'', abbreviation ''hlr'', was a coin, originally valued at half a pfennig, that was issued in Switzerland and states of the Holy Roman Empire, surviving in some European countries until the 20th century. It was first recorded in 1200 or 1208 or, according to Reiner Hausherr as early as 1189. The ''hellers'' were gradually so debased that they were no long silver coins. There were 576 ''hellers'' in a ''Reichsthaler'' ("imperial ''thaler''"). After the Second World War, ''hellers'' only survived in Czechoslovakia and Hungary. The ''heller'' also existed as a silver unit of weight equal to of a ''Mark''. Name The ''Heller'', also called the Haller or Häller (), in Latin sources: ''denarius hallensis'' or ''hallensis denarius'', took its name from the city of Hall am Kocher (today Schwäbisch Hall). Silver coins stamped on both sides (''Häller Pfennige'') were called ''Händelheller'' because they usually depicted a hand. A distinction was made between white, red ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currencies Of Germany
This is a list of current and historical currency of Germany. The sole currency of Germany has been the Euro since 2002. List {, class="wikitable sortable" , - !class=unsortable , Currency ! Area !Date created !Date abolished , - , Euro , , 1999 , current currency , - , Deutsche Mark , (unified) , 1990 (unified)1948 (West Germany) , 2002 , - , East German mark , , 1948 , 1990 , - , Saar franc , Saarland , 1947 , 1959 , - , Saar mark , Saarland , 1947 , 1947 , - , Reichsmark , , 1924 , 1948 , - , German Rentenmark , , 1923 , 1924 , - , German Papiermark , , 1914 , 1923 , - , German gold mark , , 1873 , 1914 , - , Vereinsthaler , North German states , 1857 , 1873 , - , South German gulden , South German states , 1754 , 1873 , - , North German thaler , North German states , 1690 , 1873 , - , Hamburg mark The Hamburg Mark refers to two distinct currencies issued in the city of Hamburg until 1875: * The Hamburg Mark Banco, a bank money and an accounting unit, and * The H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Obsolete Currencies
Modern may refer to: History * Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Philosophy and sociology * Modernity, a loosely defined concept delineating a number of societal, economic and ideological features that contrast with "pre-modern" times or societies ** Late modernity Art * Modernism ** Modernist poetry * Modern art, a form of art * Modern dance, a dance form developed in the early 20th century * Modern architecture, a broad movement and period in architectural history * Modern music (other) Geography *Modra, a Slovak city, referred to in the German language as "Modern" Typography * Modern (typeface), a raster font packaged with Windows XP * Another name for the typeface classification known as Didone (typography) * Modern, a generic font family name for fixed-pitch serif and sans serif fonts (f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1858 Establishments In Germany
Events January–March * January – **Benito Juárez (1806–1872) becomes Liberal President of Mexico. At the same time, conservatives install Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) as president. **William I of Prussia becomes regent for his brother, Frederick William IV, who had suffered a stroke. * January 9 ** British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong ** Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide. * January 14 – Orsini affair: Felice Orsini and his accomplices fail to assassinate Napoleon III in Paris, but their bombs kill eight and wound 142 people. Because of the involvement of French émigrés living in Britain, there is a brief anti-British feeling in France, but the emperor refuses to support it. * January 25 – The ''Wedding March'' by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional, after it is played on this day at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter Victoria, Princess Royal, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1873 Disestablishments In Germany
Events January–March * January 1 ** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar. ** The California Penal Code goes into effect. * January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat the United States Army. * February 11 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I, and proclaims the First Spanish Republic. * February 12 ** Emilio Castelar, the former foreign minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic. ** The Coinage Act of 1873 in the United States is signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant; coming into effect on April 1, it ends bimetallism in the U.S., and places the country on the gold standard. * February 20 ** The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco. ** British naval officer John Moresby discovers the site of Port Moresby, and claims the land for Britain. * March 3 – Censorship: The United States Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1860s In Germany
Year 186 ( CLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 939 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 186 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Peasants in Gaul stage an anti-tax uprising under Maternus. * Roman governor Pertinax escapes an assassination attempt, by British usurpers. New Zealand * The Hatepe volcanic eruption extends Lake Taupō and makes skies red across the world. However, recent radiocarbon dating by R. Sparks has put the date at 233 AD ± 13 (95% confidence). Births * Ma Liang, Chinese official of the Shu Han state (d. 222) Deaths * April 21 – Apollonius the Apologist, Christian martyr * Bian Zhang, Chinese official and gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
