HOME

TheInfoList



OR:


Events


January–March

* January – **
Benito Juárez Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican liberal politician and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. As a Zapotec, he was the first indigenous pre ...
(1806–1872) becomes Liberal
President of Mexico The president of Mexico ( es, link=no, Presidente de México), officially the president of the United Mexican States ( es, link=no, Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Co ...
. At the same time, conservatives install
Félix María Zuloaga Félix María Zuloaga was a Mexican conservative general and politician who played a key role in the outbreak of the Reform War in early 1860, a war which would see him elevated to the presidency of the nation. President Zuloaga was unrecognized ...
(1813–1898) as president. **
William I of Prussia William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the f ...
becomes
regent A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
for his brother,
Frederick William IV Frederick William IV (german: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 17952 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to ...
, who had suffered a stroke. * January 9 ** British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong **
Anson Jones Anson Jones (January 20, 1798 – January 09, 1858) was a doctor, businessman, member of Congress, and the fourth and last President of the Republic of Texas. Early life Jones was born on January 20, 1798, in Great Barrington, Massach ...
, the last president of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide. * January 14
Orsini affair The Orsini affair comprised the diplomatic, political and legal consequences of the "Orsini attempt" (french: attentat d'Orsini): the attempt made on 14 January 1858 by Felice Orsini, with other Italian nationalists and backed by English radical ...
:
Felice Orsini Felice Orsini (; ; 10 December 1819 – 13 March 1858) was an Italian revolutionary and leader of the '' Carbonari'' who tried to assassinate Napoleon III, Emperor of the French. Early life Felice Orsini was born at Meldola in Romagna, the ...
and his accomplices fail to assassinate
Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...
in Paris, but their bombs kill eight and wound 142 people. Because of the involvement of French émigrés living in Britain, there is a brief anti-British feeling in France, but the emperor refuses to support it. * January 25 – The ''
Wedding March Music is often played at wedding celebrations, including during the ceremony and at festivities before or after the event. The music can be performed live by instrumentalists or vocalists or may use pre-recorded songs, depending on the format o ...
'' by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional, after it is played on this day at the marriage of
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previo ...
's daughter
Victoria, Princess Royal Victoria, Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa; 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was German Empress and Queen of Prussia as the wife of German Emperor Frederick III. She was the eldest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingd ...
, to Prince Friedrich of Prussia in St James's Palace, London. * February 11
Lourdes apparitions The Marian Apparitions at Lourdes were reported in 1858 by Bernadette Soubirous, the 14-year-old daughter of a miller from the town of Lourdes in southern France. From 11 February to 16 July 1858, she reported 18 apparitions of "a Lady". Sou ...
: Peasant girl
Bernadette Soubirous Bernadette Soubirous (; ; oc, Bernadeta Sobirós ; 7 January 184416 April 1879), also known as Saint Bernadette of Lourdes, was the firstborn daughter of a miller from Lourdes (''Lorda'' in Occitan), in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées in ...
of
Lourdes Lourdes (, also , ; oc, Lorda ) is a market town situated in the Pyrenees. It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region in southwestern France. Prior to the mid-19th century, the town was best known for the Châ ...
, fourteen, has a
vision Vision, Visions, or The Vision may refer to: Perception Optical perception * Visual perception, the sense of sight * Visual system, the physical mechanism of eyesight * Computer vision, a field dealing with how computers can be made to gain und ...
at the grotto of Massabielle, the first in a series of eighteen events which will come to be regarded as
Marian apparition A Marian apparition is a reported supernatural appearance by Mary, the mother of Jesus, or a series of related such appearances during a period of time. In the Catholic Church, in order for a reported appearance to be classified as a Marian a ...
s. * February 13
Richard Francis Burton Sir Richard Francis Burton (; 19 March 1821 – 20 October 1890) was a British explorer, writer, orientalist scholar,and soldier. He was famed for his travels and explorations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, as well as his extraordinary kn ...
and
John Hanning Speke Captain John Hanning Speke (4 May 1827 – 15 September 1864) was an English explorer and officer in the British Indian Army who made three exploratory expeditions to Africa. He is most associated with the search for the source of the Nil ...
become the first Europeans to discover Lake Tanganyika. *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
Felice Orsini Felice Orsini (; ; 10 December 1819 – 13 March 1858) was an Italian revolutionary and leader of the '' Carbonari'' who tried to assassinate Napoleon III, Emperor of the French. Early life Felice Orsini was born at Meldola in Romagna, the ...
is executed by
guillotine A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with stocks at t ...
, for the attempted assassination of
Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...
of France. *
March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
Indian Rebellion The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against Company rule in India, the rule of the East India Company, British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the The Crown, British ...
: British troops retake
Lucknow Lucknow (, ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is also the second largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division ...
. *
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. *1282 &ndash ...
Hymen Lipman Hymen L. Lipman (March 20, 1817 – November 4, 1893) is credited with registering the first patent for a pencil with an attached eraser on March 30, 1858 (). Hymen L. Lipman was born March 20, 1817, in Kingston, Jamaica, to English parents. H ...
patents a
pencil A pencil () is a writing or drawing implement with a solid pigment core in a protective casing that reduces the risk of core breakage, and keeps it from marking the user's hand. Pencils create marks by physical abrasion, leaving a trail ...
with an attached
eraser An eraser (also known as a rubber in some Commonwealth countries, including South Africa from the material first used) is an article of stationery that is used for removing marks from paper or skin (e.g. parchment or vellum). Erasers have ...
in the United States.


April–June

*
April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...
– The
Wernerian Natural History Society The Wernerian Natural History Society (12 January 1808 – 16 April 1858), commonly abbreviated as the Wernerian Society, was a learned society interested in the broad field of natural history, and saw papers presented on various topics such as ...
, a former Scottish
learned society A learned society (; also learned academy, scholarly society, or academic association) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and science. Membership m ...
, is wound up. *
April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
– The United States signs a treaty with the
Yankton Sioux Tribe The Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota is a federally recognized tribe of Yankton Western Dakota people, located in South Dakota. Their Dakota name is Ihaƞktoƞwaƞ Dakota Oyate, meaning "People of the End Village" which comes from the pe ...
. *
April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
Battle of Grahovac The Battle of Grahovac took place in the eponymous village of Grahovac from 11 to 13 May 1858, when the Montenegrin Grand Duke Mirko Petrović-Njegoš led the army of Principality of Montenegro against the Ottomans, ending in a decisive M ...
: The Ottomans are decisively defeated by Montenegrin forces. *
May May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the third of seven months to have a length of 31 days. May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May ...
–July – Mahtra War: Peasants in the
Governorate of Estonia The Governorate of Estonia, also known as the Governorate of Esthonia (Pre-reformed rus, Эстля́ндская губе́рнія, r=Estlyandskaya guberniya); et, Eestimaa kubermang was a governorate in the Baltic region, along with the ...
,
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
revolt against ongoing
serfdom Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which deve ...
, which was officially abolished in
1816 This year was known as the ''Year Without a Summer'', because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in s ...
. *
May May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the third of seven months to have a length of 31 days. May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May ...
(unknown date) – Japanese trading company,
Itochu is a Japanese corporation based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It is one of the largest Japanese ''sogo shosha'' (general trading companies). Among Japanese trading companies, it is distinguished by not being descend ...
founded in
Toyosato, Shiga is a town located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 7,296 in 3074 households and a population density of 940 persons per km2. The total area of the town is . It is the home of '' Gōshū ondo'', a traditional ...
Prefecture, Japan. * May 11
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
is admitted as the 32nd
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sove ...
. *
May 13 Events Pre-1600 *1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''. * 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
John Ruskin John Ruskin (8 February 1819 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and pol ...
begins a tour of Europe; he considers it a significant turning point in his life. *
May 14 Events Pre-1600 *1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. * 1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. *1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and force ...
– Dr
David Livingstone David Livingstone (; 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of t ...
's 6-year
Second Zambesi expedition The Second Zambezi expedition, from 1858 to 1864, was launched by the Royal Geographical Society of Britain to explore Southeast Africa for mineral deposits and other natural resources. The expedition led to the establishment of the Central Afr ...
arrives at the African coast. *
May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. *1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &nda ...
– The Marais des Cygnes massacre is perpetrated by pro-slavery forces, in
Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas, or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the ...
. *
June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
Comet Donati, the first comet to be photographed, is discovered by
Giovanni Battista Donati Giovanni Battista Donati (; 16 December 182620 September 1873) was an Italian astronomer. Donati graduated from the university of his native city, Pisa, and afterwards joined the staff of the Observatory of Florence in 1852. He was appointed d ...
, and remains visible for several months afterwards. *
June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn Battuta ...
17 – The
Treaty of Tientsin The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is a collective name for several documents signed at Tianjin (then romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858. The Qing dynasty, Russian Empire, Second French Empire, United Kingdom, and t ...
is signed, ending the first part of the Second Opium War. *
June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
accepts the Republican Party nomination for a seat in the
United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...
, delivering his ''House Divided'' speech in Springfield, Illinois. *
June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. *1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– The Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad opens, operating 95 miles from Goldsboro,
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...
, to
New Bern New Bern, formerly called Newbern, is a city in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 29,524, which had risen to an estimated 29,994 as of 2019. It is the county seat of Craven County and t ...
, North Carolina. *
June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
– The Queen of Jhansi,
Rani Lakshmibai Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi (; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),Though the day of the month is regarded as certain historians disagree about the year: among those suggested are 1827 and 1835. was an Indian queen, the Maharani consort of ...
, dies at 30 at
Gwalior Gwalior() is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; it lies in northern part of Madhya Pradesh and is one of the Counter-magnet cities. Located south of Delhi, the capital city of India, from Agra and from Bhopal, the s ...
. *
June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. *1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
– A six-minute earthquake destroys much of
Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital city, capital and primate city, largest city of Mexico, and the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North Amer ...
and devastates Texcoco. * June 20
Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the fo ...
: The last rebels surrender in
Gwalior Gwalior() is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; it lies in northern part of Madhya Pradesh and is one of the Counter-magnet cities. Located south of Delhi, the capital city of India, from Agra and from Bhopal, the s ...
. * June 23 – Police of the
Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...
seize Jewish boy
Edgardo Mortara The Mortara case ( it, caso Mortara, links=no) was an Italian ''cause célèbre'' that captured the attention of much of Europe and North America in the 1850s and 1860s. It concerned the Papal States' seizure of a six-year-old boy named Edgardo ...
, and take him away to be raised as a Catholic.


July–September

*
July July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., it being the mont ...
**
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (, 10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour ( , ), was an Italian politician, businessman, economist and noble, and a leading figure in the movement tow ...
goads Austria into attacking
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...
. **
Pike's Peak Gold Rush The Pike's Peak Gold Rush (later known as the Colorado Gold Rush) was the boom in gold prospecting and mining in the Pike's Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory of the United States that began in July 1858 ...
: Fifty-Niners stream into the
Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico ...
of the western United States. * July 1A joint presentation of papers by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, announcing a theory of evolution by natural selection, are read at London's
Linnean Society The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature colle ...
. * July 8 – A peace treaty ends the
Indian Rebellion The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against Company rule in India, the rule of the East India Company, British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the The Crown, British ...
. *
July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine II o ...
– '' The Advertiser'', a daily newspaper still in circulation, begins publication in
Adelaide Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The dem ...
, Australia. *
July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. *1048 – Damasu ...
– The Lutine bell is salvaged, and subsequently hung in
Lloyd's of London Lloyd's of London, generally known simply as Lloyd's, is an insurance and reinsurance market located in London, England. Unlike most of its competitors in the industry, it is not an insurance company; rather, Lloyd's is a corporate body gove ...
. *
July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, Thom ...
– In
Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...
, India, British officer
William James Herschel Sir William James Herschel, 2nd Baronet (9 January 1833 – 24 October 1917)"Michele Triplett's Fingerprint Dictionary: H" (glossary), Michele Triplett, 2006, ''Fprints.nwlean.net'' webpage was a British ICS officer in India who used fingerprin ...
uses the hand impression of Rajyadhar Konai, as a
contract A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties that creates, defines, and governs mutual rights and obligations between them. A contract typically involves the transfer of goods, services, money, or a promise to tr ...
fingerprint A fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. The recovery of partial fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science. Moisture and grease on a finger result in fingerprints on surfac ...
signature. * July 29 – The United States and Japan sign the Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan), Treaty of Amity and Commerce, negotiated by Townsend Harris. * August – The first aerial photography is carried out by Nadar (photographer), Nadar, from a moored balloon in France. * August 2 ** The Government of India Act 1858, Government of India Act, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, transfers the territories of the British East India Company and their administration to the direct rule of the British Crown, through a Secretary of State for India. ** A bill is passed to create a modern sewage system in London as a result of the Great Stink, when the heat of the summer made the smell from sewage in the Thames unbearable. * August 5 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic Telegraphy, telegraph cable, after several unsuccessful attempts. The service ends on September 1, due to weak current. * August 7 – A football match, played under an unknown set of rules, is held between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College, Melbourne, Scotch College. * August 11 – The Eiger is first ascended. * August 16 – U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new trans-Atlantic Telegraphy, telegraph cable, by exchanging greetings with
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previo ...
. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks. * August 21 – The first of the Lincoln–Douglas debates is held in Illinois. * September – Cochinchina Campaign: French warships, under Charles Rigault de Genouilly, attack and occupy Da Nang, Vietnam. * September 11 – Dom (mountain), Dom, the third-highest summit in the Alps, is first ascended.


October–December

* October 21 – Jacques Offenbach's operetta ''Orpheus in the Underworld'', featuring music associated with the can-can, is first performed in Paris. * October 28 – Macy's department store, founded by Rowland Hussey Macy, R. H. Macy, opens for business in New York City. * November 12 – Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein, succeeds to the throne aged 18; he will rule until his death in 1929, the second-longest in European royal history and the longest precisely documented tenure of any monarch without a regent since antiquity. * November 16 – The 2,400,000th day of the epoch (astronomy), Epoch of the Julian day is reached. * November 17 ** The city of Denver, Colorado, is founded. ** Modified Julian day, Julian Day zero. *December 7 — Mexican Conservative interim president
Félix María Zuloaga Félix María Zuloaga was a Mexican conservative general and politician who played a key role in the outbreak of the Reform War in early 1860, a war which would see him elevated to the presidency of the nation. President Zuloaga was unrecognized ...
proclaims the Plan of Tacubaya to abolish the Reform War, Reform Laws, setting off a three-year civil war (1857–1860). *December 24 — Manuel Robles Pezuela (1817–1862) becomes Conservative president of Mexico. * December 29 – The Northern Railway Company is established in Madrid, Spain, with a purpose to construct the Northern Railway. * December 30 – Paraguay expedition: Seventeen U.S. Navy warships, under the command of William Shubrick, depart from Uruguay on a mission to demand concessions from Paraguay, and to go to war if necessary.


Date unknown

* The
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
changes its Flag of Russia, flag. * William M. Tweed begins his 13-year term as "Political boss, Boss" of Tammany Hall. * The ''haute couture'' firm of Charles Frederick Worth, Worth and Bobergh is established in Paris. * The Miners Association is established in Cornwall, England, UK. * Feudalism and
serfdom Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which deve ...
in Bulgaria are abolished in the Ottoman Empire (practically in 1880). * Squibb Pharmacy, as predecessor of Bristol-Myers Squibb, a worldwide Pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical brand, is founded in New York City, New York, United States.


Births


January–June

* January 7 – Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Russian-born advocate of the Hebrew language (d. 1922) * January 10 – Heinrich Zille, German illustrator, photographer (d. 1929) * January 11 – Harry Gordon Selfridge, American department store magnate (d. 1947) * January 13 – Oskar Minkowski, Lithuanian physician (d. 1931) * January 21 – Anna Bowman Dodd, American author (d. 1929) * January 22 – Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, English soldier, explorer and colonial administrator (d. 1945) * January 25 – Lillie Eginton Warren, American speech therapy pioneer (d. 1926) * January 27 – Neel Doff, Dutch-born French author (d. 1942) * January 28 – Eugène Dubois, Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist (d. 1940) * February 15 – John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (d. 1911) * February 18 – Wilhelm Schmidt (engineer), Wilhelm Schmidt, German pioneer of superheated steam for use in Steam locomotive, locomotives (d. 1924) * February 19 – Charles Alexander Eastman, Native American author, physician, reformer, helped found the Boy Scouts of America (d. 1939) * February 24 – Alphonse Jacques de Dixmude, Belgian general (d. 1928) * March 6 – Samuel Untermyer, American lawyer (d. 1940) * March 8 – Ida Hunt Udall, American diarist, homesteader (d. 1915) * March 9 – Gustav Stickley, American furniture designer, architect (d. 1942) * March 10 – Kōkichi Mikimoto, Japanese pearl farm pioneer (d. 1954) * March 15 – Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist (d. 1954) * March 18 – Rudolf Diesel, German inventor, automotive pioneer (d. 1913) * March 23 – Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1941) * March 27 – Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, German physician, bacteriologist (d. 1945) * March 28 – Joséphin Péladan, French novelist (d. 1918) *
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. *1282 &ndash ...
– DeWolf Hopper, American actor, singer, comedian, and theatrical producer (d. 1935) * April 3 – Mary Harrison McKee, ''de facto'' First Lady of the United States (d. 1930) *
April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
– May Robson, Australian-born American actress (d. 1942) * April 22 - Fritz Mayer van den Bergh, Belgian art collector and art historian (d. 1901) * April 23 – Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947) * April 30 – Mary Dimmick Harrison, 2nd wife of President Benjamin Harrison (d. 1948) * May 8 – Heinrich Berté, Austrian operetta composer (d. 1924) * May 21 – Édouard Goursat, French mathematician (d. 1936) * May 26 – Horace Smith-Dorrien, British general (d. 1930) * June 5 – Carl Swartz, 14th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1926) * June 8 ** Charlotte Scott, English mathematician (d. 1931) ** Florence Hull Winterburn, American children's author (unknown year of death) * June 12 – Harry Johnston, British explorer, botanist, artist, colonial administrator, linguist (d. 1927) *
June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...
** King Gustaf V of Sweden (d. 1950) ** William D. Boyce, founder of the Boy Scouts of America (d. 1929) ** Isabel Grimes Richey, American poet (d. 1910) *
June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. *1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
– Sir George Alexander (actor), George Alexander, English actor (d. 1918) * June 20 **Charles W. Chesnutt, African-American author, essayist, political activist (d. 1932) **Paul Maistre, French general (d. 1922) **Alexander Ragoza, Russian general and Ukrainian politician (d. 1919) * June 28 – Otis Skinner, American film actor (d. 1943)


July–December

* July 9 – Franz Boas, German anthropologist (d. 1942) * July 14 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English suffragette, mother of Christabel Pankhurst, Christabel, Sylvia Pankhurst, Sylvia and Adela Pankhurst (d. 1928) * July 16 – Petar Bojović, Serbian field marshal (d. 1945) * July 20 – Baba Sawan Singh, Second Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (d. 1948) * July 21 – Maria Christina of Austria, queen consort of Spain, second wife of Alfonso XII of Spain (d. 1929) *
July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, Thom ...
– José Luis Tamayo, 20th president of Ecuador (d. 1947) * August 1 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (d. 1884) * August 2 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, queen consort, regent of the Netherlands (d. 1934) * August 10 – Georgi Todorov (general), Georgi Todorov, Bulgarian general (d. 1934) * August 11 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1930) * August 13 – G. E. M. Skues, Newfoundland-born British inventor of nymph fly fishing (d. 1949) * August 15 – E. Nesbit, English children's novelist (d. 1924) * August 18 – Thomas S. Rodgers, American admiral (d. 1931) * August 19 **Alfred Dyke Acland, British military officer (d. 1937) **Ellen Willmott, English horticulturalist (d. 1934) * August 21 – Ethlyn T. Clough, American newspaper owner, editor, and manager (d. 1936) * August 27 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician (d. 1932) * August 30 – Ignaz Sowinski, Polish architect (d. 1917) * September 1 ** Andrew Jackson Zilker, American philanthropist (d. 1934) ** Carl Auer von Welsbach, Austrian chemist and inventor (d. 1929) * September 15 – Emma Augusta Sharkey, American Dime novel, dime novelist (d. 1902) * September 16 **Carl August Ehrensvärd (1858–1944), Carl August Ehrensvärd, Swedish admiral and politician (d. 1944) **Bonar Law, Canadian-born Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1923) * September 21 – Shimamura Hayao, Japanese admiral (d. 1923) * October 3 – Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (d. 1924) * October 12 – John L. Sullivan, American heavyweight boxing champion (d. 1918) * October 15 – William Sims, American admiral (d. 1936) * October 19 – George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937) * October 25 – Take Ionescu, 29th prime minister of Romania (d. 1922) * October 27 ** Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1919) ** Saitō Makoto, Japanese admiral, 19th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936) * November 10 – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, German prince (d. 1928) * November 20 – Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940) * November 23 – Albert Ranft, Swedish theatre director, actor (d. 1938) * November 26 – Katharine Drexel, American Roman Catholic saint (d. 1955) * November 30 – Jagadish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (d. 1937) * December 18 – Kata Dalström, Swedish politician (d. 1923) * December 19 – Adolf Schiel, German-born officer in Boer armed forces (d. 1903) * December 22 – Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer (d. 1924) * December 25 – Herman P. Faris, American temperance movement leader (d. 1936) * December 27 – Juan Luis Sanfuentes, 16th president of Chile (d. 1930)


Deaths


January–June

* January 4 – Amelia Griffiths, English phycologist (b. 1768) * January 5 – Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian field marshal (b. 1766) * January 8 – Caroline Cornwallis, English writer (b. 1786) * January 9
Anson Jones Anson Jones (January 20, 1798 – January 09, 1858) was a doctor, businessman, member of Congress, and the fourth and last President of the Republic of Texas. Early life Jones was born on January 20, 1798, in Great Barrington, Massach ...
, 4th and last President of the Republic of Texas (suicide) (b. 1798) * February 21 – John K. Kane, American politician and jurist (b. 1795) * February 23 – Vicente Ramón Roca, 3rd President of Ecuador (b. 1792) * March 4 – Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, American naval officer (b. 1794) *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– Georgios Kountouriotis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1782) * April 7 – Anton Diabelli, Austrian composer (b. 1781) * May 11 – Joseph Gensoul, French surgeon (b. 1797) * May 21 – José de la Riva Agüero, Peruvian soldier and politician, 1st president of Peru and 2nd president of North Peru (b. 1783) * June 3 – Julius Reubke, German composer (b. 1834) *
June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
– Rani of Jhansi, Indian queen of Jhansi and independence activist (b. 1828) * June 28 ** Jane Marcet, British science writer (b. 1769) ** Auguste de Montferrand, French architect (b. 1786)


July–December

* August 14 – Tokugawa Iesada, 13th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (b. 1824) * August 31 – Chief Oshkosh, Menominee chief (b. 1795) * September 9 – Thomas Assheton Smith II, English politician, cricketer (b. 1776) * September 17 – Dred Scott, African-American slave (b. c. 1795) * November 3 – Harriet Taylor Mill, British philosopher, women's rights advocate (b. 1807) * November 12 – Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1796) * November 15 – Li Xubin, Chinese military leader (b. 1817) * November 17 – Robert Owen, British social reformer (b. 1771) * November 24 – Wincenty Krasiński, Polish military leader (b. 1782) * December 3 – Joseph Marie Élisabeth Durocher, French geologist (b. 1817) * December 13 – Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher, German botanist (b. 1799) * December 17 – Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Ottoman statesman (b. 1800)


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1858 1858,