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Henriette Bie Lorentzen
Henriette Bie Lorentzen (18 July 1911 – 23 August 2001), born Anna Henriette Wegner Haagaas, was a Norwegian journalist, humanist, peace activist, feminist, co-founder of the Nansen Academy, resistance member and concentration camp survivor during World War II, and publisher and editor-in-chief of the women's magazine ''Kvinnen og Tiden'' (1945–1955). Background Born in Vestre Aker (now Oslo), Anna Henriette Wegner Haagaas was the eldest daughter of the private school owner Theodor Haagaas. She was married to the businessman and historian Øyvind Bie Lorentzen, a member of the Lorentzen family. She earned the degree Magister in history of literature at the Royal Frederick University in 1937, with a dissertation on Henrik Ibsen and Christian Friedrich Hebbel. Humanism and the Nansen Academy She was introduced to the liberal theologian and humanist (and later Bishop of Hamar) Kristian Schjelderup by her fellow student Nic. Stang in the mid 1930s, and they became lifelon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anders Platou Wyller
Anders Platou Wyller (24 April 1903 - 2 October 1940) was a Norwegian philologist and humanist. Biography Wyller was born at Stavanger in Rogaland, Norway. He was the son of Thomas Christian Wyller (1858-1921) and Birgitte Platou (1862-1922). His sister, Ingrid Wyller (1896-1994), was associated with the Norwegian Nurses Association and Norwegian Red Cross Nursing School in Oslo. In 1922, he began studying at the University of Oslo, University of Christiania from which he earned his cand.philol. in 1933. Between 1929 and 1936, he lived in Paris. From 1933 to 1936, Wyller was a lector in the Norwegian language at the University of Paris. He got his doctoral thesis in 1937 with ''Paul Claudel. En kristen dikter og hans drama''. The same year he created the Nansenskolen (Norwegian Humanist Academy) together with Kristian Vilhelm Koren Schjelderup, Jr., Kristian Schjelderup and Henriette Bie Lorentzen. After Operation Weserübung, Nazi Germany's assault on Denmark and Norway on A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henrik Groth
Henrik Johan Florentz Groth (11 October 1903 – 10 August 1983) was a Norwegian publisher and essayist, who was managing director of the Cappelen publishing company from 1947 to 1973. Biography Groth was born and grew up in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of Halfdan Emil Groth (1874–1929) and Valborg Haagaas (1879–1960). His father held senior positions in the Den Norske Creditbank and was later managing director of Skogeierbanken A/S. His first cousins included Henriette Bie Lorentzen, co-founder of Nansen Academy. He first became editor in the publication ''Vor verden'' which Ronald Fangen edited and ''Rivertons magasin'' edited by Sven Elvestad. He was hired in the publishing house J.W. Cappelens Forlag in 1927 where he was first assigned to advertising. During the German occupation of Norway he eventually joined the Norwegian resistance movement. As a member of ''Hjemmefrontens kulturutvalg'', he took part in shaping the Norwegian culture policy to come ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oslo
Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of in 2019, and the metropolitan area had an estimated population of in 2021. During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken. Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 under the name Ánslo, and established as a ''kaupstad'' or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in honour of the king. It became a municipality ('' formannskapsdistrikt'') on 1 January 1838. The city fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kristian Vilhelm Koren Schjelderup, Jr
Kristian is a name in several languages, and is a form of Christian. Meaning in different languages The name is used in several languages, among them Albanian, Slovak, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, Bosnian, Macedonian, Bulgarian and Croatian. In some languages people with the name are sometimes named after the cross, not after Christ. The word cross in Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian is ''kr'st'' and in Russian is ''krest'', in some cases pronounced ''krist''. In contrast Christ in these Slavic languages is called ''Hristos'', which confuses to which of both nouns the name sounds more similar. The name may have a third meaning in Bulgarian and Macedonian, in which the word ''kr'sten'' means baptized and has the same as the word for cross. Though sounding similar, the words cross and Christian have different roots, ''Christian'' derives from the Koine Greek word ''Christós'', possibly ultimately derived from the Egyptian ''kheru'', "word" or "voice", used to repla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grini Detention Camp
'', '' no, Grini fangeleir'', location=Bærum, Viken, Norway, location map=Viken#Norway, built by=Norway, original use=Constructed as a women's prison, operated by=Nazi Germany, notable inmates= List of Grini prisoners, liberated by= Harry Söderman, construction=1938–1940, image size=300px Grini prison camp ( no, Grini fangeleir, german: Polizeihäftlingslager Grini) was a Nazi concentration camp in Bærum, Norway, which operated between 1941 and May 1945. Ila Detention and Security Prison is now located here. History Grini was originally built as a women's prison, near an old croft named ''Ilen'' (also written ''Ihlen''), on land bought from the Løvenskiold family by the Norwegian state. The construction of a women's prison started in 1938, but despite being more or less finished in 1940, it did not come into use for its original purpose: Nazi Germany's invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, during World War II, instead precipitated the use of the site for detention by the Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridgetunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic country, the third-largest country in the European Union, and the fifth-largest country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a total population of 10.5 million, and a low population density of , with around 87% of Swedes residing in urban areas in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden has a nature dominated by forests and a large amount of lakes, including some of the largest in Europe. Many long rivers run from the Scandes range through the landscape, primarily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arkivet (Kristiansand)
Arkivet (meaning ''the Archive'') is the established name of Vesterveien 4 in Kristiansand, Norway. The building was constructed in 1935 for the Regional State Archives in Kristiansand, Archival Services in Kristiansand, and in the periods 1935–1940 and 1945–1997 used by this institution. Nevertheless, the building is known as the headquarters of the Gestapo in Sørlandet, southern Norway in the period 1942–1945. The building is owned and operated by the foundation ''Stiftelsen Arkivet''. Arikivet is located in the residential area of Bellevue overlooking the western harbor of Kristiansand. The building in the Functionalism (architecture), functionalist style was completed in 1935, and was 8 March of that year officially adopted by the local department of the National Archives. Gestapo headquarters :: See also the incomplete List of Arkivet prisoners After Norway was Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, occupied by Nazi Germany in April 1940, the building was taken ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). During World War II, the Gestapo played a key role in the Holocaust. After the war ended, the Gestapo was declared a criminal organisation by the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at the Nuremberg trials. History After Adol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the Chancellor of Germany, chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of in 1934. During his dictatorship, he initiated European theatre of World War II, World War II in Europe by invasion of Poland, invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust: the genocide of Holocaust victims, about six million Jews and millions of other victims. Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn in Austria-Hungary and was raised near Linz. He lived in Vienna later in the first decade of the 1900s and moved to Germany in 1913. He was decorated during his Military career of Adolf Hitler, service in the German Army in Worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist." The English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word ''agnostic'' in 1869, and said "It simply means that a man shall not say he knows or believes that which he has no scientific grounds for professing to know or believe." Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife;Bhaskar (1972). and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of "the gods". Defining agnosticism Being a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aschehoug
H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), commonly known as Aschehoug,() is one of the largest independent publishing companies in Norway, founded in 1872. Headquartered in Oslo, the publishing house has 480 employees. The Aschehoug group also comprises other publishing houses owned partially or wholly by Aschehoug. Aschehoug can be directly translated to "ash hill." History Aschehoug was founded as a bookstore in 1872 on Egertorvet in Oslo by cousins, Hieronymus and Halvard Aschehoug. From the start the firm was involved in publishing in a modest way, its output consisting mainly of school books. In 1888, the company was taken over by William Martin Nygaard and Thorstein Lambrechts (1856-1933), who kept the name while expanding its operations. In 1900 William Nygaard withdrew from the bookselling side of the business and established a publishing company, which was given the name H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard). In 1935, following the death of William Nygaard, the publishing house turne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life. It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism. In totalitarian states, political power is often held by autocrats, such as dictators (totalitarian dictatorship) and absolute monarchs, who employ all-encompassing campaigns in which propaganda is broadcast by state-controlled mass media in order to control the citizenry. By 1950, the term and concept of totalitarianism entered mainstream Western political discourse. Furthermore this era also saw anti-communist and McCarthyist political movements intensify and use the concept of totalitarianism as a tool to convert pre-World War II anti-fascism into Cold War anti-communism. As a political ideology in itself, totalitarianism is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
