|
Hartland Snyder
Hartland Sweet Snyder (1913, Salt Lake City – 1962) was an American physicist who along with Robert Oppenheimer calculated the gravitational collapse of a pressure-free sphere of dust particles as described by Einstein's general relativity, and found they contracted onto a radial distance, the Schwarzschild radius. It was later interpreted as the particles ending in the particles disappearing beneath the 'event horizon' associated with a Black Hole singularity. In recent years, it was shown by Trevor Marshall that the particle trajectories end in a shell of infinite density at the 'event horizon' radius, supporting the shell collapsar as endpoint. Snyder’s argument that the “star thus tends to close itself off from any communication with a distant observer” which is quoted as an early inference of a Black Hole, does not follow from his model. Only the very surface of the infinite density shell could reflect or emit radiation and solutions without a density singularity are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the Capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Utah, most populous city of Utah, United States. It is the county seat, seat of Salt Lake County, Utah, Salt Lake County, the most populous county in Utah. With a population of 200,133 in 2020, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which had a population of 1,257,936 at the 2020 census. Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem Combined Statistical Area, Salt Lake City–Ogden–Provo Combined Statistical Area, a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,746,164 (as of 2021 estimates), making it the 22nd largest in the nation. It is also the central core of the larger of only two major urban areas located within the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada). Salt Lake C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strong Focusing
In accelerator physics strong focusing or alternating-gradient focusing is the principle that, using sets of multiple electromagnets, it is possible to make a particle beam simultaneously converge in both directions perpendicular to the direction of travel. By contrast, weak focusing is the principle that nearby circles, described by charged particles moving in a uniform magnetic field, only intersect once per revolution. Earnshaw's theorem shows that simultaneous focusing in two directions transverse to the beam axis at once by a single magnet is impossible - a magnet which focuses in one direction will defocus in the perpendicular direction. However, iron "poles" of a cyclotron or two or more spaced quadrupole magnets (arranged in quadrature) can alternately focus horizontally and vertically, and the net overall effect of a combination of these can be adjusted to focus the beam in both directions. Strong focusing was first conceived by Nicholas Christofilos in 1949 but not pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northwestern University Faculty
Northwestern or North-western or North western may refer to: * Northwest, a direction * Northwestern University, a private research university in Evanston, Illinois ** The Northwestern Wildcats, this school's intercollegiate athletic program ** Northwestern Medicine, an academic medical system comprising: *** Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine *** Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Other colleges and universities * Northwestern College (Iowa), a small Christian college in Iowa * University of Northwestern – St. Paul (formerly Northwestern College), a small Christian college, located in Roseville, Minnesota * The former Northwestern College in Watertown, Wisconsin, which was incorporated into Martin Luther College in New Ulm, Minnesota in 1995 * Northwestern Michigan College, a small college located in Traverse City, Michigan * Northwestern Oklahoma State University in Alva, Oklahoma * Northwestern State University, in Natchitoches, Louisiana * Northwestern Calif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California, Berkeley Alumni
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Utah Alumni
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Relativity Theorists
American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" ** American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States ** Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accelerator Physicists
Accelerator may refer to: In science and technology In computing *Download accelerator, or download manager, software dedicated to downloading *Hardware acceleration, the use of dedicated hardware to perform functions faster than a CPU **Graphics processing unit or graphics accelerator, a dedicated graphics-rendering device *** Accelerator (library), a library that allows the coding of programs for a graphics processing unit **Cryptographic accelerator, performs decrypting/encrypting *Web accelerator, a proxy server that speeds web-site access *Accelerator (Internet Explorer), a form of selection-based search * Accelerator table, specifies keyboard shortcuts for commands *Apple II accelerators, hardware devices designed to speed up an Apple II computer *PHP accelerator, speeds up software applications written in the PHP programming language * SAP BI Accelerator, speeds up online analytical processing queries * SSL/TLS accelerator, offloads public-key encryption algorithms to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantum Spacetime
In mathematical physics, the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily commute are assumed not to commute and form a different Lie algebra. The choice of that algebra still varies from theory to theory. As a result of this change some variables that are usually continuous may become discrete. Often only such discrete variables are called "quantized"; usage varies. The idea of quantum spacetime was proposed in the early days of quantum theory by Heisenberg and Ivanenko as a way to eliminate infinities from quantum field theory. The germ of the idea passed from Heisenberg to Rudolf Peierls, who noted that electrons in a magnetic field can be regarded as moving in a quantum spacetime, and to Robert Oppenheimer, who carried it to Hartland Snyder, who published the first concrete example. Snyder's Lie algebra was made simple by C. N. Yang in the same year. Overview Physical spacetime is a quantum spac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courant–Snyder Parameters
In accelerator physics, the Courant–Snyder parameters (frequently referred to as Twiss parameters or CS parameters) are a set of quantities used to describe the distribution of positions and velocities of the particles in a beam. When the positions along a single dimension and velocities (or momenta) along that dimension of every particle in a beam are plotted on a phase space diagram, an ellipse enclosing the particles can be given by the equation: :\gamma x^2 + 2 \alpha x x' + \beta x'^2 = \epsilon where x is the position axis and x' is the velocity axis. In this formulation, \alpha, \beta, and \gamma are the Courant–Snyder parameters for the beam along the given axis, and \epsilon is the emittance. Three sets of parameters can be calculated for a beam, one for each orthogonal direction, x, y, and z. History The use of these parameters to describe the phase space properties of particle beams was popularized in the accelerator physics community by Ernest Courant and Har ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milton Stanley Livingston
Milton Stanley Livingston (May 25, 1905 – August 25, 1986) was an American accelerator physics, accelerator physicist, co-inventor of the cyclotron with Ernest Lawrence, and co-discoverer with Ernest Courant and Hartland Snyder of the strong focusing principle, which allowed development of modern large-scale particle accelerators. He built cyclotrons at the University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Cornell University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During World War II, he served in the operations research group at the Office of Naval Research. Livingston was the chairman of the Accelerator Project at Brookhaven National Laboratory, director of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a professor of physics at MIT, and a recipient of the Enrico Fermi Award from the United States Department of Energy. He was Associate Director of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, National Accelerator Laboratory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of phenomena, and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms. Physicists work across a wide range of research fields, spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic and particle physics, through biological physics, to cosmological length scales encompassing the universe as a whole. The field generally includes two types of physicists: experimental physicists who specialize in the observation of natural phenomena and the development and analysis of experiments, and theoretical physicists who specialize in mathematical modeling of physical systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. Physicists can apply their knowledge towards solving practical problems or to developing new technologies (also known as applie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_-_09.JPG "Click for more on -> University Of California, Berkeley Alumni")
