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Hanstrassia Lenae
''Hanstrassia lenae'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2007, the lichen is found in Russian Far East, Mongolia, and Siberia. It closely resembles '' Elenkiniana ehrenbergii'' but distinguished by the presence of soralia (powdery reproductive propagules) on its thallus. This species has a thick, thallus with weak marginal and developed marginal, (lip-shaped) soralia. Taxonomy The lichen was named and formally described by Ulrik Søchting and Gemma Figueras in 2007, who initially classified it as a member of the genus ''Caloplaca''. The type specimen was collected by the first author near the Lena River in Yakutia, Russia, at an elevation of . The species epithet ''lenae'' refers to the river. This name was chosen through a public voting process during the Mushroom Festival in Copenhagen in 2005. Preliminary molecular phylogenetics studies indicated that ''C. lenae'' was positioned at the base of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering. A holotype is not necessarily "typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan area has 2,057,142 people. Copenhagen is on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the Øresund strait. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road. Originally a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century, it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions, defences, and armed forces. During the Renaissance the city served as the de facto capital of the Kalmar Union, being the seat of monarchy, governing the majority of the present day Nordic region in a personal union with Sweden and Norway ruled by the Danis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soredia
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ..., or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location. References Fungal morphology and anatomy Lichenology {{lichen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soralia
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms ..., or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location. References Fungal morphology and anatomy Lichenology {{lichen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ochre
Ochre ( ; , ), or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colours produced by this pigment, especially a light brownish-yellow. A variant of ochre containing a large amount of hematite, or dehydrated iron oxide, has a reddish tint known as "red ochre" (or, in some dialects, ruddle). The word ochre also describes clays coloured with iron oxide derived during the extraction of tin and copper. Earth pigments Ochre is a family of earth pigments, which includes yellow ochre, red ochre, purple ochre, sienna, and umber. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow colour. * Yellow ochre, , is a hydrated iron hydroxide (limonite) also called gold ochre. * Red ochre, , takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an anhydrous iron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanstrassia
''Hanstrassia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species. ''Hanstrassia'' is characterised by a predominantly and thallus, distinguishing it from its close relative '' Elenkiniana''. Taxonomy ''Hanstrassia'' was circumscribed by lichenologist Sergey Kondratyuk in 2017, to contain what was then known as the ''Elenkiniana lenae'' species complex. It is a member of the '' Mikhtomia'' sensu lato clade of the subfamily Caloplacoideae, which also contains the genera '' Laundonia'', ''Opeltia'', and '' Oxneriopsis''. The genus name honours Estonian lichenologist Hans Trass. Description The thallus of ''Hanstrassia'' species are either saxicolous (growing on rocks) or terricolous (growing on soil). They are in form, with or slightly margins at times. The colour ranges from yellowish grey and pale yellow to ochre, orange, or brownish yellow. Often, these species have a whitish , or powdery coating, on their surface. The are relatively t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergey Kondratyuk
Sergey Yakovlevich Kondratyuk ( uk, Сергій Якович Кондратюк) (born 17 May 1959) is a Ukrainian botanist specialising in lichenology. His research deals with the taxonomy, floristics, ecology and geography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. He has worked at the for more than 40 years. In 2014 Kondratyuk was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology. Early life and education Kondratyuk was born in the Kirovohrad region, in Ulyanovsk. After graduating from school in 1976 he became a student of the Faculty of Biology at Kyiv State University. He specialized in the Department of Lower Plants. While still a student, Kondratyuk started to study lichens under the guidance of O.B. Bloom. Then began his career at the Institute of Botany (1979), as a senior technician and later an engineer in the Department of Algology and Lichenology. He continued his career as a graduate student of the institute (1981–1984). After successfully defending his d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalolechia
''Gyalolechia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. He included two species: ''Gyalolechia bracteata, G. bracteata'' and ''Gyalolechia aurea, G. aurea''. Although Massalongo did not designate a type species for the genus, Josef Poelt assigned ''G. aurea'' to that status in 1965. After Massalongo introduced the monotypic genus ''Fulgensia'' in 1853, ''Gyalolechia'' fell out of use. ''Gyalolechia'' was resurrected for use by Ulf Arup and colleagues in 2013, as part of a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the Teloschistaceae. ''Gyalolechia'', which is sister group, sister to the genus ''Blastenia'', contains most of the species formerly assigned to the genus ''Fulgensia'', the species group centred around the taxon formerly known as ''Caloplaca flavorubescens'', and ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teloschistes
''Teloschistes'' is a genus of lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It was circumscribed by Norwegian botanist Johannes Musaeus Norman in 1852. The name of the genus means "split ends". Species *'' Teloschistes chrysophthalmus'' *'' Teloschistes fasciculatus'' *''Teloschistes flavicans ''Teloschistes flavicans'', also known as the golden hair-lichen is a lichenized species of fungus in the genus ''Teloschistes'', family Teloschistaceae. Recognized by its safron coloured pigmentation, this species grows on rocks and branches of ...'' *'' Teloschistes inflatus'' *'' Teloschistes sieberianus'' *'' Teloschistes spinosus'' *'' Teloschistes velifer'' *'' Teloschistes xanthoroides'' References Teloschistales Teloschistales genera Lichen genera Taxa described in 1853 {{Teloschistales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulgensia
''Fulgensia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. Gallery Image:Fulgensia fulgens Psora decipiens 141007.jpg, ''Fulgensia fulgens'', above (yellow) ''Psora decipiens'', below (red), Tauberland, Germany Image:Fulgensia fulgens 140506a.jpg, ''Fulgensia fulgens'', Tauberland, Germany References External linksIndex Fungorum Teloschistales Lichen genera Teloschistales genera Taxa named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Taxa named by Giuseppe De Notaris {{Teloschistales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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