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Hannie Schaft
Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (16 September 1920 – 17 April 1945) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. She became known as "the girl with the red hair" ( nl, text=het meisje met het rode haar, german: text=das Mädchen mit dem roten Haar). Her secret name in the resistance movement was "Hannie". Early life and education Hannie Schaft was born in Haarlem, the capital of the province of North Holland. Her mother, Aafje Talea Schaft (born Vrijer) was a Mennonite and her father, Pieter Schaft, a teacher, was attached to the Social Democratic Workers' Party; the two were very protective of Schaft because of the death due to diphtheria of her older sister Anna in 1927. From a young age, Schaft discussed politics and social justice with her family, which encouraged her to pursue law and become a human rights lawyer. During her law studies at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, which she started in 1938, she became friends with the Jewish students Sonja Frenk a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haarlem
Haarlem (; predecessor of ''Harlem'' in English) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland. Haarlem is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad, one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe; it is also part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area, being located about 15 km to the west of the core city of Amsterdam. Haarlem had a population of in . Haarlem was granted city status or '' stadsrechten'' in 1245, although the first city walls were not built until 1270. The modern city encompasses the former municipality of Schoten as well as parts that previously belonged to Bloemendaal and Heemstede. Apart from the city, the municipality of Haarlem also includes the western part of the village of Spaarndam. Newer sections of Spaarndam lie within the neighbouring municipality of Haarlemmermeer. Geography Haarlem is located on the river Spaarne, giving it its nickname 'Spaarnestad' (Spaarne city). It is situated a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaandam
Zaandam () is a city in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is the main city of the municipality of Zaanstad, and received City rights in the Netherlands, city rights in 1811. It is located on the river Zaan, just north of Amsterdam. The statistical district Zaandam, which covers the city and the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 76,804.Municipality of Zaanstad, ''Zaanstad in cijfers' As of 1 January 2017. Zaandam was a separate municipality until 1974, when it became a part of the new municipality of Zaanstad. History The history of Zaandam (formerly called ''Saenredam'') and the surrounding Zaan River region (the Zaanstreek) is intimately tied to industry. In the Dutch Golden Age, Zaandam served as a large milling centre. Thousands of windmills powered saws that processed Scandinavian wood for the shipbuilding and paper industries. A statue that commemorates this industry was commissioned from sculptor Slavomir Miletić ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelmina Of The Netherlands
Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I, the Dutch economic crisis of 1933 and World War II. The only child of King William III of the Netherlands and Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Wilhelmina ascended to the throne at the age of 10 after her father's death in 1890, under her mother's regency. After taking charge of government, Wilhelmina became generally popular for maintaining Dutch neutrality during the First World War and solving many of her country's industrial problems. By that time, her business ventures had made her the world's first female billionaire in dollars. She went on to ensure that her family was one of seven European royal houses remaining in existence. Following the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940, Wilhelmina fled to Britain and took charge of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchy Of The Netherlands
The monarchy of the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy. As such, the role and position of the monarch are governed by the Constitution of the Netherlands. Consequently, a large portion of it is devoted to the monarch. Roughly a third of the document explains the succession, mechanisms of accession & abdication to the throne, and the roles & duties of the monarch. This includes the formalities of communication between the States-General and the monarch's role in creating laws. The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, but its once sovereign provinces had been intermittently "governed" by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559, when Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder, until 1747. William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic. As a stadtholder, he was followed by several of his descendants. In 1747, the function of stadtholder became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willy Lages
Willy Paul Franz Lages (5 October 1901 – 2 April 1971) was the German chief of the Sicherheitsdienst in Amsterdam during the Second World War. From March 1941 he led the so-called ''Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung'' (Central Bureau for the Jewish Emigration). As such, he was complicit in the mass deportations of 70,000 Dutch Jews to the concentration camps in Germany and occupied Poland. Lages also directly ordered multiple executions, including that of Hannie Schaft. After the war, a court in the Netherlands found Lages guilty of war crimes and sentenced him to death in 1949. His sentence was confirmed in 1950. However, Lages was never executed since Queen Juliana, who had become increasingly reluctant to authorize death sentences, refused to sign his death warrant. This was opposed by the Dutch Cabinet, and there were large public protests against the possibility of amnesty for Lages. However, in 1952, Lages's sentence was commuted to life in prison. Langes w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overveen
Overveen is a village in North Holland in the Netherlands, in the municipality of Bloemendaal. Overveen lies on the eastern fringe of the North Sea dunes. To the east it borders the built-up areas of Haarlem. A few kilometres to the west of the town lies the Erebegraafplaats Bloemendaal (Honorary Cemetery), where many Second World War victims have been reburied, including resistance fighter Hannie Schaft, sculptor and resistance leader Gerrit van der Veen, banker and resistance member Walraven van Hall, Physician and former Wehrmacht officer Karl Groeger, and sculptor and resistance member Johan Limpers. The town is connected to rail service by the Overveen railway station which opened in 1881 on the Haarlem to Zandvoort railway line. Landmarks Lonbar Petrilaan 28, in the ''Kweekduin'' neighborhood, was built in 1956-57 by noted Dutch architect Gerard Holt. Its garden, designed by Mien Ruys Wilhelmina Jacoba Moussault-Ruys (14 February 1904 – 9 January 1999), was a Dut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten
The ''Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten'' (BS; en, 'Domestic Armed Forces'), fully the ''Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten'', was a government-sanctioned union of Dutch resistance groups during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, which had hardly cooperated until then. History Until 1944 the resistance groups, insofar as they were in contact, worked independently under the supervision of the ''Bureau Bijzondere Opdrachten'' (BBO, 'Office of Special Assignments') of the Dutch government-in-exile in London. When they were merged into the ''Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten'', Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld was appointed commander of this new organization, although he remained in London. The commander of the BS in the occupied Netherlands was Colonel Henri Koot, who was in Amsterdam. At the time the groups were united, they had less than 10,000 members between them. They were also very poorly armed, though this would improve following Allied weapon drops. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Waarheid
''De Waarheid'' (literally 'The Truth') was the newspaper of the Communist Party of the Netherlands. It originated in 1940 under the German occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ... as a resistance paper, the day after general H.G. Winkelman had forbidden publication of the earlier Communist ''Volksdagblad''. The party decided on May 15, 1940, to continue the ''Volksdagblad'' illegally under the name ''De Waarheid''. The first months were spent setting up a nationwide network of 'handout points' ('stencilposten'), the main articles would be written centrally, whereas the different 'handout points' added localized articles. These local versions sometimes were published under different names as 'De vonk' ('The spark') and 'Het noorderlicht' ('The northern light'). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicherheitsdienst
' (, ''Security Service''), full title ' (Security Service of the ''Reichsführer-SS''), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Established in 1931, the SD was the first Nazi intelligence organization and the Gestapo (formed in 1933) was considered its sister organization through the integration of SS members and operational procedures. The SD was administered as an independent SS office between 1933 and 1939. That year, the SD was transferred over to the Reich Security Main Office (''Reichssicherheitshauptamt''; RSHA), as one of its seven departments. Its first director, Reinhard Heydrich, intended for the SD to bring every single individual within the Third Reich's reach under "continuous supervision". Following Germany's defeat in World War II, the tribunal at the Nuremberg trials officially declared that the SD was a criminal organisation, along with the rest of Heydrich's RSHA (including the Gestapo) both individually and as branch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging
The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands ( nl, Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland, ; NSB) was a Dutch fascist and later Nazi political party that called itself a " movement". As a parliamentary party participating in legislative elections, the NSB had some success during the 1930s. Under German occupation, it remained the only legal party in the Netherlands during most of the Second World War. Party history 1931–1940 The NSB was founded in Utrecht in 1931 during a period when several nationalist, fascist and Nazi parties were founded. The founders were Anton Mussert, who became the party's leader, and Cornelis van Geelkerken. The party based its program on Italian fascism and German Nazism: however, unlike the latter, before 1936 the party was not anti-semitic and even had Jewish members. In 1933, after a year of building an organization, the party organized its first public meeting, a '' Landdag'' in Utrecht which was attended by 600 party milita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
