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Handicap (other)
Handicapped or handicap may refer to: In sports and games *Handicapping, various methods of levelling the outcome in a competitive sport or game: **Handicap race (other) **Handicap (chess) **Handicap (golf) ** Handicap (go) **Handicap (sailing) **Handicap (shogi) *Handicapping, various methods of outcome prediction or levelling outcome predictions: **Asian handicap, bookmakers' technique to level odds **Political handicapping, the news process of trying to predict election outcomes, especially rather than focusing on the political issues *"The Handicapped", short story by Larry Niven originally published in 1967 as "Handicap" Human condition *Disability, an impairment that substantially affects a person's life activities, and may be present at birth or arise later in life *Self-handicapping, a psychological method for preserving self-esteem Biology *Handicap principle The handicap principle is a hypothesis proposed by the biologist Amotz Zahavi to explain how evolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicapping
Handicapping, in sport and games, is the practice of assigning advantage through scoring compensation or other advantage given to different contestants to equalize the chances of winning. The word also applies to the various methods by which the advantage is calculated. In principle, a more experienced participant is disadvantaged, or a less experienced or capable participant is advantaged, in order to make it possible for the less experienced participant to win whilst maintaining fairness. Handicapping is used in scoring many games and competitive sports, including go, shogi, chess, croquet, golf, bowling, polo, basketball, and track and field events. Handicap races are common in clubs which encourage all levels of participants, such as swimming or in cycling clubs and sailing clubs, or which allow participants with a variety of standards of equipment. Often races, contests or tournaments where this practice is competitively employed are known as ''Handicaps''. Handicappi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicap Race (other) , the various methods of leveling the outcome in a competitive sport or game
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Handicap race may refer to: * Handicap (horse racing), a race in which horses carry different weights * Handicap (greyhound racing), a race in which greyhounds start from different starting traps * Bracket racing, in drag racing, where cars, motorcycles, or trucks start at different times based on vehicle category. * Handicap (sailing), handicaps for sailing vessels in races * Handicap (speedway), the Match Average calculated for every motorcycle speedway rider See also * Handicapping Handicapping, in sport and games, is the practice of assigning advantage through scoring compensation or other advantage given to different contestants to equalize the chances of winning. The word also applies to the various methods by which th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicap (chess)
Handicaps (or "odds") in chess are handicapping variants which enable a weaker player to have a chance of winning against a stronger one. There are a variety of such handicaps, such as material odds (the stronger player surrenders a certain piece or pieces), extra moves (the weaker player has an agreed number of moves at the beginning of the game), extra time on the chess clock, and special conditions (such as requiring the odds-giver to deliver checkmate with a specified piece or pawn). Various permutations of these, such as "pawn and two moves", are also possible. Handicaps were quite popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, when chess was often played for money stakes, in order to induce weaker players to play for wagers. Today handicaps are rarely seen in serious competition outside of human–computer chess matches. As chess engines have been routinely superior to even chess masters since the late 20th century, human players need considerable odds to have practical chance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicap (golf)
A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential that is used to enable players of varying abilities to compete against one another. Better players are those with the lowest handicaps. Historically, rules relating to handicaps have varied from country to country with many different systems in force around the world. Because of incompatibilities and difficulties in translating between systems, the sport's governing bodies, the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new World Handicap System (WHS) which began to be introduced globally in 2020. History The earliest record of golf handicapping is thought to be from the late 17th century, in a diary kept by Thomas Kincaid, who was a student in Edinburgh, Scotland, although the word ''handicap'' would not come into use in golf until the late 19th century. The number of strokes to be given and the holes on which they would be in effect was negotiated between competing golf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicap (go)
Within most systems and at most levels in the game of Go, a handicap is given to offset the strength difference between players of different ranks. Forms of handicaps In the game of Go, a handicap is given by means of stones and compensation points. In contrast to an even game, in which Black plays first, White plays the first move in a game with handicap (after Black's handicap stones have been placed). Handicap stones The rank difference within a given amateur ranking system is one guide to how many handicap stones should be given to make the game a more equal contest. As a general rule, each rank represents the value of one stone. (In terms of points, one stone is considered to be 13-16 points, but this figure is not constant over levels: the more skillful a player, the greater the usefulness of each stone.) For example, a 3 ''kyu'' player gives a 7 ''kyu'' player four handicap stones to allow for an interesting game with roughly equal challenge for both players. If tradit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicap (sailing)
Handicap forms for sailing vessels in Yacht racing, sailing races have varied throughout history, and they also vary by country, and by sailing organisation. Sailing handicap standards exist internationally, nationally, and within individual sailing clubs. Typically sailing vessel classes are defined by measurement rules, which categorise vessels accordingly into classes of vessels, and vessels compete within their class. Handicapping allows vessels to compete across classes, and also allows vessels and crews to compete based on performance and equipment on an equal basis, by adjusting the race outcome data, to declare a ''handicap'' (adjusted) winner as distinct from a ''line honours'' (first over the finish line) winner. For some national, international, and other yacht racing events, rules such as those of the International Racing Certificate known as the International Measurement System (IMS) or the Sportsboat rule (SBR) may be specified. Others exist in different countries. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicap (shogi)
In shogi, a handicap game (駒落戦 ''koma ochisen,'' 駒落ち ''koma ochi,'' ハンデキャップ ''handekyappu,'' 手合割 ''teaiwari'') is a game setup used between players of disparate strengths, in which one or more pieces are removed from the stronger player's side. (Note that the missing pieces are not available for drops and play no further part in the game.) In Japanese, the higher ranked player is called 上手 ''uwate'' "handicapped player" while the lower player is 下手 ''shitate'' "lower player." These terms are usually translated in English simply as ''White'' and ''Black,'' respectively just like the way 後手 ''gote'' and 先手 ''sente'' are translated as ''White'' and ''Black'', respectively. The imbalance created by this method of handicapping is not as strong as it is in western chess because material advantage is not as powerful in shogi. An even game (that is, a non-handicap game) is known as 平手 ''hirate'' in Japanese. Culture, tradition, pedago ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Handicap
Asian handicap betting is a form of betting on football in which teams are handicapped according to their form so that a stronger team must win by more goals for a bet on them to win. The system originated in Indonesia and has gained popularity in the early 21st century. It is a form of spread betting. Handicaps typically range from one-quarter goal to several goals, in increments of half- or even quarter-goals. Most importantly, Asian handicap betting reduces the possible number of outcomes from three (in traditional 1X2 wagering) to two by eliminating the draw outcome. This simplification delivers two betting options that each have a near 50% chance of success. Asian handicaps are both good and bad for bookmakers. On one hand, they help bookmakers minimize risk by facilitating trading with parity or balancing the amount of wagering on each side of the match. This enables bookmakers to take larger positions on major matches. On the other hand, Asian handicap markets are typicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Handicapping
The terms horse race and handicapping the horse race, have been used to describe media coverage of elections. The terms refer to any news story or article whose main focus is describing how a particular candidate or candidates is faring during the election, in other words, trying to predict the outcome. This category includes polls. There is a thin line between a horse race news story and a non horse race news story. For example, an article simply describing a candidate's economic policy is a non horse race article, but an article which is about how certain groups of voters are angry at a candidate's economic policy is a horse race article. Criticisms of horse race coverage Critics of the news media say that the vast majority of all articles during a political election are horse race style. Different criticisms have been raised as to why that is bad: *It is argued that news sources tend to use horse race journalism as a ploy to lure in audiences and tighten polls during election c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Handicapped
"The Handicapped" is a science fiction short story by Larry Niven, originally published in the December 1967 issue of ''Galaxy Science Fiction'' as "Handicap". Set in the ''Known Space'' universe, the story introduces the Grogs, the sessile but sentient inhabitants of the planet Down. Plot Mr Garvey arrives at the planet Down, having heard about the natives called Grogs. Garvey Limited, a company owned by his father, makes artificial limbs and other tools for the "Handicapped" species; sentient beings that evolved minds but with nothing that would serve as hands, like dolphins. A local reluctantly agrees to show him a living Grog in the desert, but the Grog turns out to be a disappointment. It is sessile enough, being a furry cone living anchored to a rock, but it seems utterly void of sentience. The latter observation is later confirmed by a local exobiologist. The next morning, Garvey has a revelation. Somehow he knows the Grogs are sentient, without knowing why he knows. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disability
Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be Cognitive disability, cognitive, Developmental disability, developmental, Intellectual disability, intellectual, mental disorder#Disability, mental, physical disability, physical, Sense, sensory, or a combination of multiple factors. Disabilities can be present from birth or can be acquired during a person's lifetime. Historically, disabilities have only been recognized based on a narrow set of criteria—however, disabilities are not binary and can be present in unique characteristics depending on the individual. A disability may be readily visible, or Invisible disability, invisible in nature. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines disability as: Disabilities have been perceived differently throughout history, through a variety of different theoretical len ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-handicapping
Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance.Feick, D.L., & Rhodewalt, F. (1997). The Double-Edged Sword of Self-Handicapping: Discounting, Augmentation, and the Protection and Enhancement of Self-Esteem. ''Motivation and Emotion, Vol. 21, No. 2. '' Self-handicapping can be seen as a method of preserving self-esteem but it can also be used for self-enhancement and to manage the impressions of others. Rhodewalt, F., & Vohs, K. D. (2005). Defensive strategies, motivation, and the self. In A. Elliot & C. Dweck (Eds.). ''Handbook of competence and motivation''(pp. 548-565). New York: Guilford Press. This conservation or augmentation of self-esteem is due to changes in causal attributions or the attributions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
