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Hamza Ibn Ali Ibn Ahmad
Hamza ibn ‘Alī ibn Aḥmad ( ar, حمزة بن علي بن أحمد; 985 – c. 1021) was an 11th-century Ismaili missionary and founding leader of the Druze. He was born in Zozan in Greater Khorasan in Samanid-ruled Persia (modern Khaf, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran), and preached his heterodox strand of Isma'ilism in Cairo during the reign of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. According to Hamza, al-Hakim was God made manifest. Despite opposition from the established Isma'ili clergy, Hamza persisted, apparently being tolerated or even patronized by al-Hakim himself, and set up a parallel hierarchy of missionaries in Egypt and Syria. Following al-Hakim's disappearance—or, most likely, assassination—in February 1021, Hamza and his followers were persecuted by the new regime. Hamza himself announced his retirement in his final epistle to his followers, in which he also promised that al-Hakim would soon return and usher the end times. Hamza disappeared thereafter, al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zozan
Zozan ( fa, زوزن; also Romanized as Zūzan and Rūzān) is a village in Jolgeh Zozan District, Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,183, in 479 families. Zozan was the site of an ancient city. The historical city of Zozan (Zawzan) is located at a distance of 41 kilometers to the historical city of Khargard and is like a rectangular onion. Its ancient castle stands in the southern side and the chief mosque- belonging to Khwarazmi period with two-balconied plan- stands in the western side of the city. This site is on the Iranian tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage nomination. Notable people * Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad, founding leader of the Druze. * Abu Sahl Zawzani, Persian statesman who served as the chief secretary of the Ghaznavids The Ghaznavid dynasty ( fa, غزنویان ''Ġaznaviyān'') was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic ''mamluk'' origin, ruling, at its greatest extent, large p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahya Of Antioch
Yahya of Antioch, full name Yaḥya ibn Saʿīd al-Anṭākī ( ar, يحيى بن سعيد الأنطاكي), was a Melkite, Melkite Christian physician and historian of the 11th century. He was most likely born in Fatimid Egypt. He became a physician, but the anti-Christian policies of Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (r. 996–1021) forced him to flee to Byzantine-held Antioch. His chief work is a continuation of Eutychius of Alexandria, Eutychius' ''Annals'', stretching from 938 to 1034. Drawing on a variety of sources, his history deals with events in the Byzantine Empire, Egypt, as well as First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria and the Kievan Rus'. Whilst in Antioch, he also wrote theological works in defence of Christianity and refutations of Islam and Judaism. He died ca. 1066. His history was published, edited and translated by I. Kratchkovsky and A. Vasiliev into French language, French in Volumes 18, 23, and 47 of the ''Patrologia Orientalis'', and into Italian. Volume 18 of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antinomian
Antinomianism (Ancient Greek: ἀντί [''anti''] "against" and νόμος [''nomos''] "law") is any view which rejects laws or Legalism (theology), legalism and argues against moral, religious or social norms (Latin: mores), or is at least considered to do so. The term has both religious and secular meanings. In some Christian belief systems, an antinomian is one who takes the principle of Salvation in Christianity, salvation by Faith#Christianity, faith and divine grace to the point of asserting that the saved are not bound to follow the moral law contained in the Ten Commandments. The distinction between antinomian and other Christian views on moral law is that antinomians believe that obedience to the law is motivated by an internal principle flowing from belief rather than from any external compulsion. John Eaton (divine), John Eaton, a leader in the antinomian underground during the 1630s, interpreted Revelation 12:1 with a quote recorded by Giles Firmin: ''"I saw a Woman C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paradise
In religion, paradise is a place of exceptional happiness and delight. Paradisiacal notions are often laden with pastoral imagery, and may be cosmogonical or eschatological or both, often compared to the miseries of human civilization: in paradise there is only peace, prosperity, and happiness. Paradise is a place of contentment, a land of luxury and fulfillment. Paradise is often described as a "higher place", the holiest place, in contrast to this World (theology), world, or underworlds such as Hell. In eschatological contexts, paradise is imagined as an Entering heaven alive, abode of the virtuous dead. In Christianity and Islam, Heaven is a paradisiacal relief. In old Egyptian beliefs, the underworld is Aaru, the reed-fields of ideal hunting and fishing grounds where the dead lived after judgment. For the Celts, it was the Fortunate Isles, Fortunate Isle of Mag Mell. For the classical Greeks, the Elysium, Elysian fields was a paradisiacal land of plenty where the heroic and ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharia
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term ''sharīʿah'' refers to God's immutable divine law and is contrasted with ''fiqh'', which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. In the historical course, fiqh sects have emerged that reflect the preferences of certain societies and state administrations on behalf of people who are interested in the theoretical (method) and practical application (Ahkam / fatwa) studies of laws and rules, but sharia has never been a valid legal system on its own. It has been used together with " customary (Urf) law" since Omar or the Umayyads. It may also be wrong to think that the Sharia, as a religious argument or belief, is entirely within or related to Allah's commands and prohibitions. Several non-graded crimes are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamid Al-Din Al-Kirmani
Hamid al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ahmad ibn Abdallah al-Kirmani (; CE) was an Isma'ili scholar. He was of Persian origin and was probably born in the province of Kirman. He seems to have spent the greater part of his life as a Fatimid '' da'i'' (missionary) in Baghdad and Basra. He was a theologian and philosopher who rose to prominence during the Fatimid caliph-imam al-Hakim bi Amr Allah (r. 996–1021). A prominent Ismaili '' da'i'' or missionary, he was considered by the central headquarters of the Fatimid ''da'wa'' in Cairo as one of the most learned Ismaili theologians and philosophers of the Fatimid period. It was in that capacity that al-Kirmani played an important role in refuting the extremist ideas of some of the dissident ''da'i''s, who by proclaiming al-Hakim's divinity had initiated the Druze movement. Al-Kirmani was summoned in 1014 or shortly earlier to Cairo where he produced several works to disclaim these extremist doctrines. Al-Kirmani's writings, which were widely cir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Da'i
A da'i ( ar, داعي, dāʿī, inviter, caller, ) is generally someone who engages in Dawah, the act of inviting people to Islam. See also * Dawah * Da'i al-Mutlaq, "the absolute (unrestricted) missionary" (Arabic: الداعي المطلق) * Hujja * List of da'is The following is a list of notable Da'is, that is, Muslim preachers who invite people to Islam. * Abdur Raheem Green *Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi, Abu Ammar Yasir Qadhi * Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi * Abu-Abdullah Adelabu * Ahmad Dahlan * Ahmed Dee ... References {{Reflist Arabic words and phrases Islamic terminology Religious titles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farghana Valley
The Fergana Valley (; ; ) in Central Asia lies mainly in eastern Uzbekistan, but also extends into southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan. Divided into three republics of the former Soviet Union, the valley is ethnically diverse and in the early 21st century was the scene of conflict. A large triangular valley in what is an often dry part of Central Asia, the Fergana owes its fertility to two rivers, the Naryn and the Kara Darya, which run from the east, joining near Namangan, forming the Syr Darya river. The valley's history stretches back over 2,300 years, when Alexander the Great founded Alexandria Eschate at its southwestern end. Chinese chroniclers date its towns to more than 2,100 years ago, as a path between Greek, Chinese, Bactrian and Parthian civilisations. It was home to Babur, founder of the Mughal Dynasty, tying the region to modern Afghanistan and South Asia. The Russian Empire conquered the valley at the end of the 19th century, and it became part of the Sovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hasan Ibn Haydara Al-Farghani Al-Akhram
Hasan ibn Ali ( ar, الحسن بن علي, translit=Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī; ) was a prominent early Islamic figure. He was the eldest son of Ali and Fatima and a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He briefly ruled as caliph from January 661 until August 661. He is considered as the second Imam in Shia Islam, succeeding Ali and preceding his brother Husayn. As a grandson of the prophet, he is part of the and the , also is said to have participated in the event of Mubahala. During the caliphate of Ali (), Hasan accompanied him in the military campaigns of the First Muslim Civil War. After Ali's assassination in 661, Hasan was acknowledged caliph in Kufa. His sovereignty was not recognized by Syria's governor Mu'awiya I (), who led an army into Kufa while pressing Hasan for abdication in letters. In response, Hasan sent a vanguard under Ubayd Allah ibn al-Abbas to block Mu'awiya's advance until he arrived with the main army. Meanwhile, Hasan was severely wounded in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawah
Dawah ( ar, دعوة, lit=invitation, ) is the act of inviting or calling people to embrace Islam. The plural is ''da‘wāt'' (دَعْوات) or ''da‘awāt'' (دَعَوات). Etymology The English term ''Dawah'' derives from the Arabic word , which comes from the root variously meaning 'to invite' or 'to pray'. ''Da‘wah'' literally means "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation". Grammatically, the word represents a gerund of a verb with the triconsonantal root ''d-ʕ-w'' meaning variously "to summon" or "to invite". A Muslim who practices ''da‘wah'', either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is called a ' (, plural ' ). A ''dā‘ī'', is a person who invites people to understand and accept Islam through dialogue and other techniques, may be regarded as a missionary inviting people to the faith, prayer and manner of Islamic life. The term ''da'wah'' has other senses in the Qur'an. In ''sura'' (chapter) 30:25, for example, it denotes th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Rahim Ibn Ilyas
Abd al-RahimAlso found as Abd al-Rahman in some sources, cf. , , . ibn Ilyas ibn Ahmad ibn al-Mahdi ( ar, عبد الرحيم ابن إلياس ابن احمد بن المهدي) was a member of the Fatimid dynasty who was named heir-apparent by the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah in 1013. When al-Hakim was murdered in 1021, he was sidelined in favour of al-Hakim's son, Ali al-Zahir, arrested and imprisoned. He died in captivity, officially by his own hands, but likely assassinated by the real power behind al-Zahir's throne, the princess Sitt al-Mulk. Life Nomination as heir-apparent Ibn Ilyas was a descendant of the first Fatimid caliph, al-Mahdi Billah (). The son of a Christian woman, nothing is known of his early life until he appears in the chronicles in 1013, when the reigning caliph, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah () chose to name him as his heir-apparent. Before the official designation, al-Hakim took care to elevate Ibn Ilyas's status. In June 1013, he wed two of Ibn Ilyas's daughter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
