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Halyna Kouzmenko
Agafya "Halyna" Andriivna Kuzmenko ( ukr, Галина Андріївна Кузьменко; 1897–1978) was a Ukrainian teacher and anarchist revolutionary. After moving to southern Ukraine, she became a prominent figure within the ranks of the Makhnovshchina, a mass movement to establish a libertarian communist society. Kuzmenko spearheaded the movement's educational activities, promoted Ukrainization and acted as an outspoken advocate of women's rights. Along with her husband, the anarchist military leader Nestor Makhno, in 1921 she fled into exile from the political repression in Ukraine. While imprisoned for subversive activities in Poland, she gave birth to her daughter Elena Mikhnenko, whom she brought with her to Paris. Following the death of her husband, the outbreak of World War II saw her deportation for forced labour, first by the Nazis and then by the Soviets. After her release, she spent her final days with her daughter in Kazakhstan. Biography On , Agafya Andr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presbytera
''Presbytera'' ( el, πρεσβυτέρα, pronounced ''presvytéra'') is a Greek title of honor that is used to refer to a priest's wife. It is derived from ''presbyteros''—the Greek word for ''priest'' (literally, "elder"). Although 'Presbyteress' or 'eldress' has an equivalent meaning, it has a very small usage: most English-speaking Orthodox Christians will use the title most common in the old country churches from which their local family or parish finds its origin. Other languages ''Presbytera'' corresponds to the following equivalent titles: * Albanian: ''Prifteresha'' * Armenian: ''Yeretzgin'' * Arabic: خورية (k''hūrīah,'' from the word خوري ''khūrī'' , a title of Greek origin meaning "priest") or قسيسة (qasīsa'','' from the word قسيس ''qasīs'' , a title of Syriac origin meaning "priest") * Bulgarian: ''Popadija'' (from the word ''pop'', meaning married priest) * Carpatho-Russian: ''Pani'' (literally "lady," comparable to ''Pan'' for pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others, they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.Hosken, Fran P., 'Towards a Definition of Women's Rights' in ''Human Rights Quarterly'', Vol. 3, No. 2. (May 1981), pp. 1–10. Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy, to be free from sexual violence, to vote, to hold public office, to enter into legal contracts, to have equal rights in family law, to work, to fair wages or equal pay, to have reproduct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huliaipole
Huliaipole ( uk, Гуляйполе ; ) is a city in Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. It is known as the birthplace of Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary Nestor Makhno. In 2021, it had a population of Huliaipole was Battle of Huliaipole, attacked by Russian forces during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and sustained heavy damage, placing it on one of the lines of contact between Ukrainian and Russian-occupied territory. History Prior to the annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the area was mostly settled by the Zaporozhian Cossacks and the nomadic Lesser Nogai Horde. The settlement arose during the 1770s, after the construction of the on the former lands of the Zaporozhian Sich, as part of the Russian Empire's policy to populate and develop the conquered Zaporozhian lands. When Catherine the Great dissolved the Sich, the local Cossacks either fled into exile or were brought into serfdom, with the residents of what is now Huliaipole falling und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobrovelychkivka
Dobrovelychkivka (; russian: Добровели́чковка) is an urban-type settlement in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, southern Ukraine. Dobrovelychkivka hosts the administration of Dobrovelychkivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of the settlement is Until 18 July 2020, Dobrovelychkivka was the administrative center of Dobrovelychkivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast to four. The area of Dobrovelychkivka Raion was merged into Novoukrainka Raion. It hosts a regional bazaar on Wednesday and Friday mornings, and is noted for being the purported geographical center of Ukraine. History Dobrovelychkivka was occupied by the Germans on 1 August 1941 during World War II. Jewish homes were soon registered and marked with Stars of David. In late December 1941, all Jews from the town were taken to the village of Maryevka a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwestern Railways
Southwestern Railways (PZZ), ( uk, Південно-Західна залізниця) headquartered in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, is a component part of the Ukrzaliznytsia company, its regional branch. It is named "Southwestern" because it is Southwest of Moscow, despite being in the Northern part of Ukraine. Structure As of 2008, SWR's rail system included of track, of which 93,3% were electrified. The SWR consists of five sections (directions) named after the cities of their administration seat * Kyiv * Kozyatyn * Zhmerynka * Korosten * Konotop. The above mentioned directions administrative seats beside regular train stations have also locomotive and railcar depots. In addition such depots also are located in Shepetivka, Darnytsia (left-bank Kyiv), Bakhmach, Vorozhba, Hrechany (neighborhood of Khemlnytskyi), and Snovsk (formerly Shchors). There are 315 railway stations in the SWR system. Geography SWR's route map includes all the railroads in the Kyiv, Zhytomyr, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast ( uk, Кіровоградська область, translit=Kirovohradska oblast; also referred to as #Nomenclature, Kirovohradschyna — uk, Кіровоградщина) is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi. Its population is . It is Ukraine's second least populated oblast, behind Chernivtsi Oblast, Chernivtsi. In 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast (), or Kropyvnychchyna (). Geography The area of the province is . The city of Dobrovelychkivka is the geographical center of Ukraine. History The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on January 10, 1939 out of the northern raions of Mykolaiv Oblast. In 1954 the oblast lost some raions to the newly created Cherkasy Oblast, but later that year received its western raions from the Odessa Oblast. Between 1939 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kherson Governorate
The Kherson Governorate (1802–1922; russian: Херсонская губерния, translit.: ''Khersonskaya guberniya''; uk, Херсонська губернія, translit=Khersonska huberniia), was an administrative territorial unit (also translated ''gubernia'', ''province'', or ''government''), of the Russian Empire located between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers. It was one of three governorates created in 1802 when the Novorossiya guberniya was abolished. It was known as the Mykolaiv or Nikolayev Governorate () until 1803, when Nikolayev was separated into a special Nikolayev War Governorate as a center of the Black Sea Fleet and the governor seat was moved to Kherson. The economy of the governorate was mainly based on agriculture. During the grain harvest, thousands of agricultural laborers from the parts of the Empire found work in the area. The industrial part of the economy, consisting primarily of flour milling, distilling, metalworking industry, iron mining, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kropyvnytskyi Raion
Kropyvnytskyi Raion is a raion (district) of Kirovohrad Oblast in central Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Kropyvnytskyi (until July 2016 Kirovohrad). Population: . On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Kropyvnytskyi Raion was significantly expanded. Seven abolished raions, Bobrynets, Dolynska, Kompaniivka, Novhorodka, Oleksandrivka, Ustynivka, and Znamianka Raions, as well as Kropyvnytskyi and Znamianka Municipalities, were merged into Kropyvnytskyi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was The district was known as Kirovohrad Raion until November 2018, when it was renamed in accordance with the decommunisation law. Subdivisions Current After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 17 hromadas: * Adzhamka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Adzhamka, retained from Kropyvnytskyi Raion; * Bobrynets urban hr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (german: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist '' Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the paramilitary groups that emerged af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families. Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps. Definition Many forms of unfree labour are also covered by the term forced labour, which is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as all involuntary work or service exacted under the menace of a penalty. However, under the ILO Forced Labour Convention of 1930, the term forced or compulsory labour does not include: *"any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character;" *"any work or service which forms part of the normal civic obligations of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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