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Gonzalo De Marañón
Gonzalo de Marañón (''floruit'' 1141–1178) was a Castilian magnate during the reigns of Alfonso VII (1126–57), Sancho III (1157–58), and Alfonso VIII (1158–1214). By January 1174 he had attained the rank of count (Latin ''comes''), the highest in the kingdom. He was one of the earliest members of the Spanish nobility to adopt a toponymic surname (in this case "de Marañón") as a family name. His interests lay in the far east of the kingdom, in areas once (and again today) a part Navarre, and his toponymic indicates Navarrese origins. Although, according to Luis de Salazar y Castro, his father was Rodrigo Pérez de Marañón, this filiation has not been documented. He married Mayor García de Aza, daughter of García Garcés de Aza and his wife, Sancha Pérez. Their marriage is first recorded in 1169, when Alfonso VIII made a donation of the village of Villasequilla to the couple. Gonzalo was a frequent recipient of royal largesse. On 19 September 1144 Alfonso VII ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floruit
''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone flourished. Etymology and use la, flōruit is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204, and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)". The term is often used in art history when dating the career ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manrique Pérez De Lara
Manrique Pérez de Lara (died 1164) was a magnate of the Kingdom of Castile and its regent from 1158 until his death. He was a leading figure of the House of Lara and one of the most important counsellors and generals of three successive Castilian monarchs: Alfonso VII (1126–57), Sancho III (1157–58) and Alfonso VIII (1158–1214). Parentage Manrique's father was Pedro González de Lara (died 1130). Of Pedro's rule and Manrique's succession to his position of honour and leadership in the ''Reconquista'', a contemporary writes: He took after his father in everything that he did. His father was Count Pedro of Lara, who ruled his own land for many years. The son also follows in all his father's footsteps. Still in the flower of youth, but enriched with honour and respected by the Emperor as is his nature, he was the upholder of the law, the worst scourge of the Moors. Manrique's mother Eva is of unknown parentage, but had previously been married to count García Ordóñez. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Santiago
The Order of Santiago (; es, Orden de Santiago ), is a religious and military order founded in the 12th century. It owes its name to the Patron Saint of Spain, "Santiago" ( St. James the Greater). Its initial objective was to protect the pilgrims on the Way of St. James, to defend Christendom and to remove the Muslim Moors from the Iberian Peninsula. Entrance was not however restricted to nobility of Spain exclusively, and many members have been prominent Catholic Europeans in general. The Order's insignia is particularly recognisable and abundant in Western art. After the death of the Grand Master Alonso de Cárdenas in 1493, the Catholic Monarchs incorporated the Order into the Spanish Crown. Pope Adrian VI forever united the office of grandmaster of Santiago to the crown in 1523. The First Republic suppressed the Order in 1873 and, although it was re-established in the Restoration, it was reduced to a nobiliary institute of honorable character. It was ruled by a Superior C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando González De Marañón
Fernando González de Marañón (died April 1219) was the sixth Grand Master of the Order of Santiago from 1206 until 1210. Fernando was born in the second half of the twelfth century. His family was of Navarrese origin, but active in the kingdom of Castile. He was the son of Count Gonzalo de Marañón, who may have been a member of the confraternity of Cáceres organized by Pedro Fernández de Castro, which became the Order of Santiago in 1170.Carlos de Ayala Martínez"González de Marañón, Fernando" '' Diccionario biográfico español'' (Real Academia de la Historia, 2018). Fernando succeeded Suero Rodríguez as grand master in 1206. He resettled the domains owned by his order, granting ''fueros'' to Huélamo and Villarrubia de Santiago and new rights to Ocaña. He reached an agreement on cooperation with the Order of Calatrava and maintained good relations with the Papacy. Between 1207 and 1210, he received five bulls from Innocent III dealing with the rights of the order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedictine
, image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , founder = Benedict of Nursia , founding_location = Subiaco Abbey , type = Catholic religious order , headquarters = Sant'Anselmo all'Aventino , num_members = 6,802 (3,419 priests) as of 2020 , leader_title = Abbot Primate , leader_name = Gregory Polan, OSB , main_organ = Benedictine Confederation , parent_organization = Catholic Church , website = The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict ( la, Ordo Sancti Benedicti, abbreviated as OSB), are a monastic religious order of the Catholic Church following the Rule of Saint Benedict. They are also sometimes called the Black Monks, in reference to the colour of their religious habits. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cistercian
The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contributions of the highly-influential Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, known as the Latin Rule. They are also known as Bernardines, after Saint Bernard himself, or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuculla" or cowl (choir robe) worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cowl worn by Benedictines. The term ''Cistercian'' derives from ''Cistercium,'' the Latin name for the locale of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was here that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peñafiel, Spain
Peñafiel is a town in the Valladolid Province and the greater autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is best known for the Peñafiel Castle and for its medieval square used for bullfights and named " Plaza del Coso" (English: "Bullring Square"). The square is surrounded by private homes, but since medieval times the rights to use their windows, balconies and doorways during bullfights are owned by the town (see easement), which auctions them to the highest bidders. The town is full of deep excavated caveswhich were traditionally used to store the wine because of the constant temperature they kept all year around. These caves have chimney vents for ventilation and to evacuate the gases generated by the fermentation of the wine. These chimney vents dot the landscape in and around the town and the castle. In 2006 Peñafiel had a population of about 5,434. Peñafiel was a very important centre in the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the fact that it had up to 19 churches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenencia
In medieval and early modern Europe, the term ''tenant-in-chief'' (or ''vassal-in-chief'') denoted a person who held his lands under various forms of feudal land tenure directly from the king or territorial prince to whom he did homage, as opposed to holding them from another nobleman or senior member of the clergy.Bloch ''Feudal Society Volume 2'' p. 333Coredon ''Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases'' p. 272 The tenure was one which denoted great honour, but also carried heavy responsibilities. The tenants-in-chief were originally responsible for providing knights and soldiers for the king's feudal army.Bracton, who indiscriminately called tenants-in-chief "barons" stated: "sunt et alii potentes sub rege qui barones dicuntur, hoc est robur belli" ("there are other magnates under the king, who are called barons, that is the hardwood of war"), quoted in Sanders, I.J., ''Feudal Military Service in England'', Oxford, 1956, p.3; "Bracton's definition of the ''baro''" (plur ''baro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alférez
In medieval Iberia, an ''alférez'' (, ) or ''alferes'' (, ) was a high-ranking official in the household of a king or magnate. The term is derived from the Arabic ('' al-fāris''), meaning "horseman" or "cavalier", and it was commonly Latinised as ''alferiz'' or ''alferis'', although it was also translated into Latin as ''armiger'' or ''armentarius'', meaning " armour-bearer". The connection with arms-bearing is visible in several Latin synonyms: ''fertorarius'', ''inferartis'', and ''offertor''. The office was sometimes the same as that of the standard-bearer or ''signifer''.Simon Barton, ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile'' (Cambridge, 1997), 142–44. The ''alférez'' was generally the next highest-ranking official after the majordomo.Simon Barton, ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile'' (Cambridge, 1997), 59. He was generally in charge of the king or magnate's ''mesnada'' (private army), his personal retinue of knights, and perhaps also o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
