Gnetum Cleistostachyum

	Gnetum Cleistostachyum ''Gnetum cleistostachyum'' is a liana species in the ''Sessiles'' subsection of the genus ''Gnetum'' described from South East Yunnan. The name is still invalid and efloras states it is advisable to postpone validating it until more complete collections, particularly with seeds, can be studied. The stilbene derivatives, gnetucleistol A, B and C, gnetifolin A, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, piceatannol, resveratrol, bisisorhapontigenin A, gnetuhainin P, gnetulin, the stilbenolignans, gnetucleistol F, gnetofuran A, lehmbachol D, gnetifolin F and gnetumontanin, gnetucleistol D (2-methoxyoxyresveratrol), gnetucleistol E (3-methoxy-isorhapontigenin), rhapontigenin, isorhapontigenin, 4-methoxyresveratrol and pinosylvin Pinosylvin is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH=CHC6H3(OH)2. A white solid, it is related to trans-stilbene, but with two hydroxy groups on one of the phenyl substituents. It is very soluble in many organic solvents, such as acetone. O ... can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Gnetum ''Gnetum'' is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae within the Gnetophyta. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in the xylem. Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect-pollinated as their fossils occur in association with extinct pollinating scorpionflies.Ren D, Labandeira CC, Santiago-Blay JA, Rasnitsyn A, Shih CK, Bashkuev A, Logan MA, Hotton CL, Dilcher D. (2009). Probable Pollination Mode Before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies. Science, 326 (5954), 840-847. Molecular phylogenies based on nuclear and plastid sequences from most of the species indicate hybridization among some of the Southeast Asian species. Fossil-calibrated molecular-clocks suggest that the ''Gnetum'' lineages now found in Africa, South America and Southeast Asia are the result of ancient long-distance dispersal across seawater.Won H, Renner SS: The internal tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Gnetaceae ''Gnetum'' is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae within the Gnetophyta. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in the xylem. Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect-pollinated as their fossils occur in association with extinct pollinating scorpionflies.Ren D, Labandeira CC, Santiago-Blay JA, Rasnitsyn A, Shih CK, Bashkuev A, Logan MA, Hotton CL, Dilcher D. (2009). Probable Pollination Mode Before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies. Science, 326 (5954), 840-847. Molecular phylogenies based on nuclear and plastid sequences from most of the species indicate hybridization among some of the Southeast Asian species. Fossil-calibrated molecular-clocks suggest that the ''Gnetum'' lineages now found in Africa, South America and Southeast Asia are the result of ancient long-distance dispersal across seawater.Won H, Renner SS: The internal tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pinosylvin Pinosylvin is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH=CHC6H3(OH)2. A white solid, it is related to trans-stilbene, but with two hydroxy groups on one of the phenyl substituents. It is very soluble in many organic solvents, such as acetone. Occurrence Pinosylvin is produced in plants in response to fungal infections, ozone-induced stress, and physical damage for example. It is a fungitoxin protecting the wood from fungal infection. It is present in the heartwood of ''Pinaceae'' and also found in '' Gnetum cleistostachyum''. Injected in rats, pinosylvin undergoes rapid glucuronidation and a poor bioavailability. Biosynthesis Pinosylvin synthase, an enzyme, catalyzes the biosynthesis of pinosylvin from malonyl-CoA and cinnamoyl-CoA: :3 malonyl-S-CoA + cinnamoyl-S-CoA → 4 CoA-SH + pinosylvin + 4 CO2 This biosynthesis is noteworthy because plant biosyntheses employing cinnamic acid as a starting point are rare compared to the more common use of ''p''-coumaric acid. Tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Isorhapontigenin Isorhapontigenin is a tetrahydroxylated stilbenoid with a methoxy group. It is an isomer of rhapontigenin and an analog of resveratrol. It is found in the Chinese herb ''Gnetum cleistostachyum'', in ''Gnetum parvifolium'' and in the seeds of the palm ''Aiphanes aculeata''. An isorhapontigenin tetramer, gnetuhainin R, can be isolated from the lianas of ''Gnetum hainanense''. Isorhapontin, the isorhapontigenin glucoside, can be found in spruce species such as the Norway spruce (''Picea abies''), the sitka spruce (''Picea sitchensis'') and the white spruce (''Picea glauca''). References Stilbenoids {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rhapontigenin Rhapontigenin is a stilbenoid. It can be isolated from ''Vitis coignetiae'' or from '' Gnetum cleistostachyum''. It shows an action on prostate cancer cells. It has been shown to inhibit the human cytochrome P450 1A1, an enzyme implicated in the biotransformation of a number of carcinogenic and immunotoxic compounds. Injected in rats, rhapontigenin shows a rapid glucuronidation and a poor bioavailability. See also Rhaponticin Rhaponticin is a stilbenoid glucoside compound. Its aglycone is called rhapontigenin. It can be found in rhubarb rhizomes. It has beneficial effects on diabetic mice, and ''in vitro'' results suggest it may be relevant to Alzheimer's disease with ..., its glucoside, found in rhubarb. Isorhapontigenin, a structural isomer. References External links * Stilbenoids Cytochrome P450 inhibitors {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Gnetucleistol E Gnetucleistol E is a stilbenoid Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They have a C6–C2–C6 structure. In biochemical terms, they belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones. Most stilbenoids are prod ... found in the Chinese herb '' Gnetum cleistostachyum.Stilbenes from Gnetum cleistostachyum. Yao Chun-Suo, Lin Mao, Liu Xin and Wangy Ying-Hong, Huaxue xuebao, 2003, vol. 61, no 8, pages 1331-1334original article/ref>'' References Stilbenoids {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Gnetucleistol D Gnetucleistol D is a stilbenoid found in the Chinese herb ''Gnetum cleistostachyum ''Gnetum cleistostachyum'' is a liana species in the ''Sessiles'' subsection of the genus ''Gnetum'' described from South East Yunnan. The name is still invalid and efloras states it is advisable to postpone validating it until more complete c ....Stilbenes from Gnetum cleistostachyum. Yao Chun-Suo, Lin Mao, Liu Xin and Wangy Ying-Hong, Huaxue xuebao, 2003, vol. 61, no 8, pages 1331-1334, References Stilbenoids {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]