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Gastrophryninae
The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family of frogs. The 683 species are in 63 genera and 11 subfamilies, which is the largest number of genera of any frog family. Evolution A molecular phylogenetic study by van der Meijden, et al. (2007) has estimated the initial internal divergence of the family Microhylidae to have taken place about 66 million years ago, or immediately after the Cretaceous extinction event. The most recent common ancestor of the Microhylidae and their closest ranoid relatives is estimated to have lived 116 million years ago in Gondwana. Description As suggested by their name, microhylids are mostly small frogs. Many species are below in length, although some species are as large as . They can be arboreal or terrestrial, and some even live close to water. The ground-dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests, occasionally venturing out at night to hunt. The two main shapes for the microhyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrophryne Carolinensis
''Gastrophryne carolinensis'', the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, is a species of microhylid frog. It is a relatively small, toad-like amphibian found in damp, shady habitats. The species is highly fossorial, and feeds primarily on ants. These North American microhylids (Family: Microhylidae) are distinguished from true toads (genus ''Bufo''), and other anurans by their moist, smooth skin, their lack of eardrums or tympana, their distinguishable squat body shape, and the unique fold of skin superior to their eyes. It is found in the United States, from southern Maryland to the Florida Keys, west to Missouri and Texas. While not a true toad, it is so called because it is terrestrial. Taxonomy ''Gastrophryne carolinensis'' belongs to one of the largest anuran families, the microhylids. No subspecies are currently recognized. The Eastern narrowmouth toad is one of only 3 microhylids that currently live in the United States. Description The eastern narrow-mouthed toad is relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Termite
Termites are small insects that live in colonies and have distinct castes (eusocial) and feed on wood or other dead plant matter. Termites comprise the infraorder Isoptera, or alternatively the epifamily Termitoidae, within the order Blattodea (along with cockroaches). Termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from cockroaches, as they are deeply nested within the group, and the sister group to wood eating cockroaches of the genus ''Cryptocercus''. Previous estimates suggested the divergence took place during the Jurassic or Triassic. More recent estimates suggest that they have an origin during the Late Jurassic, with the first fossil records in the Early Cretaceous. About 3,106 species are currently described, with a few hundred more left to be described. Although these insects are often called "white ants", they are not ants, and are not closely related to ants. Like ants and some bees a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choerophryne
''Choerophryne'' is a genus of microhylid frogs, commonly known as Torricelli mountain frogs, endemic to New Guinea. These frogs are small, with the body length measured from snout to vent between 11 and 23 mm. Taxonomy and systematics The distinction between ''Choerophryne'' and the former genus ''Albericus'' was based solely on the orientation of the alary processes of the premaxillae, giving the former its distinctive snout. In 2013 a new ''Choerophryne'' species was described with an orientation intermediate between the two genera, suggesting ''Albericus'' is likely a junior synonym of ''Choerophryne''. Formal synonymisation of the two genera was suggested by Peloso and colleagues in 2016 based on molecular evidence. Etymology The genus name of the junior synonym ''Albericus'' is the Latin form of Alberich, the shape-shifting dwarf in the epic poem Nibelungenlied. Several species derive also their specific names from Nibelungenlied, e.g. ''C. siegfriedi'' from Siegfried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callulops
''Callulops'' is a genus of microhylid frogs from Sulawesi as well as the New Guinea region, from Talaud Islands and the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) in the northwest to the Louisiade Archipelago The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea. It is located 200 km southeast of New Guinea, stretching over more than and spread ... in the east. They are medium- to large-sized terrestrial frogs inhabiting burrows on the forest floor, often under large rocks. Because their population densities can be low, and they are difficult to observe and collect owing to their lifestyle, many species are known only from few specimens. Species References Microhylidae Amphibians of Asia Amphibians of Oceania Amphibian genera Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barygenys
''Barygenys'' is a genus of microhylid frogs. They are endemic to New Guinea and the adjacent Louisiade Archipelago. So far only known from Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ..., the range of the genus is expected to reach Papua province in the Indonesian part of New Guinea. Despite not being known from Papua, common name Papua frogs has been suggested for them. Description ''Barygenys'' have squat body, narrow head, and tiny eyes. ''Barygenys'' are unique among asterophryine frogs in that they bear vertical ridges (or traces thereof) on the snout, and in having short, sharply tapering fingers with narrowly rounded tips. The largest species ('' Barygenys resima'') reaches a body size around in snout–vent length, while '' Barygenys parvula'' is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrochaperina
''Austrochaperina'' is a genus of microhylid frogs found on New Guinea, New Britain and Australia. Taxonomy The genus was removed from the synonymy of '' Sphenophryne'' by Richard Zweifel in 2000. However, as currently defined, it might not be monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ..., with two monophyletic units of ''Austrochaperina'' more closely related to parts of '' Copiula'' than with each other. Description ''Austrochaperina'' are rather generalized frogs in their morphology and appear mostly to inhabit leaf litter. They reach maximum sizes between snout–vent length. Finger and toe tips are flattened and disc-like. Most species lack toe webbing. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Austrochaperina'': The AmphibiaWeb includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asterophrys
''Asterophrys'' is a genus of microhylid frogs found in New Guinea. Their common name is New Guinea bush frogs, although this name may also specifically refer to ''Asterophrys turpicola''. ''Asterophrys'' are moderate to large-sized microhylid frogs, with the larger ''Asterophrys turpicola ''Asterophrys turpicola'' (common name: New Guinea bush frog) is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is widespread in New Guinea and found in both West Papua (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea, although it appears to be absent from th ...'' measuring up to in snout–vent length. A distinctive feature of these frogs is their extremely broad head, almost half of snout–vent length. While both are New Guinean species, ''A. leucopus'' is more a mountain species than ''A. turpicola''. The latter is known for its aggressiveness (it may even bite), whereas ''A. leucopus'' is more docile. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Asterophrys'': A third, undescribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphantophryne
''Aphantophryne'' is a genus of microhylid frogs found in New Guinea and in Mindanao, the Philippines. Originally described by Fry in 1917, Richard G. Zweifel considered in 1956 ''Aphantophryne'' synonymous to ''Cophixalus''. The genus was resurrected in 1989 to house two new species in addition to the type species, '' A. pansa''. A molecular study on the subfamily Asterophryinae in 2017 revealed that two species originally included in the genus '' Oreophryne'' were more closely related to ''Aphantophryne'' than to other ''Oreophryne'', and were consequently moved to this genus. The study also revealed a number of undescribed species. Description ''Aphantophryne'' are small frogs, the maximum snout-to-vent body length is 31 mm for ''A. pansa'' and 24 mm for '' A. sabini''. The smallest species '' A. minuta'' has the body length of only 12 mm. Females are larger than males. The distinguishing feature of ''Aphantophryne'' when compared to other genyophrynine genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adelastes
''Adelastes'' is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is the only genus in the subfamily Adelastinae and is also itself monotypic, being represented by the single species, ''Adelastes hylonomos'', commonly known as the Neblina Frog. ASW 5.6 It is found in Venezuela and possibly Brazil. Its natural is subtropical or tropical moist lowland s. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also ...
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Adelastinae
''Adelastes'' is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is the only genus in the subfamily Adelastinae and is also itself monotypic, being represented by the single species, ''Adelastes hylonomos'', commonly known as the Neblina Frog. ASW 5.6 It is found in Venezuela and possibly Brazil. Its natural is subtropical or tropical moist lowland s. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also ...
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Palatine Bone
In anatomy, the palatine bones () are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat. Together with the maxillae, they comprise the hard palate. (''Palate'' is derived from the Latin ''palatum''.) Structure The palatine bones are situated at the back of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. They contribute to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbits. They help to form the pterygopalatine and pterygoid fossae, and the inferior orbital fissures. Each palatine bone somewhat resembles the letter L, and consists of a horizontal plate, a perpendicular plate, and three projecting processes—the pyramidal process, which is directed backward and lateral from the junction of the two parts, and the orbital and sphenoidal processes, which surmount the vertical part, and are separated by a dee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egg (biology)
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches. Most arthropods such as insects, vertebrates (excluding live-bearing mammals), and mollusks lay eggs, although some, such as scorpions, do not. Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs are laid out of water and are surrounded by a protective shell, either flexible or inflexible. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a warm and favorable temperature range while the embryo grows. When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e., breaks out of the egg's shell. Some embryos have a temporary egg tooth they use to crack, pip, or break the eggshell or covering. The largest recorded egg is from a whale shark and was in size. Whale shark eggs typically hatch within the mother. At and up to , the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
