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Gannat
Gannat (; Auvergnat: ''Gatnat'') is a commune in the Allier department in central France. Gannat was a sub-prefecture until 1926, with a population of around 5,800 inhabitants. There is a castle (the Château de Gannat), two churches of which one (Saint-Étienne) is partly Romanesque with a 9th-century Gospel Book. The ''Cultures du Monde'' Festival is held every July. The patron saint of Gannat is Saint Procule. History The most ancient discoveries in Gannat, ancestors of the rhinoceros from the end of the Oligocene and start of the Miocene, date back 23 million years. Gannat seems to have been a veritable cemetery for these creatures, so many of their remains have been discovered. Also found are fossils of fish, reptiles, tortoises, crocodiles, galliform birds, mammals, marsupials, insectivores, rodents and carnivores. The site is particularly rich in rhinoceros. From 1854, Duvernoy has even described a specimen as ''Acerotherium gannatense'' (the official name is ''Diace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Gannat
The Château de Gannat is a castle in the town of Gannat in the Allier ''Departements of France, département'' of France. The castle now houses a museum known as Musée Yves Machelon. Description With origins in the 12th century, the Château de Gannat is a typical 14th century defensive castle, built on a square plan flanked with four machicolation, machicolated towers, linked by high crenellation, crenellated walls. Originally, the castle was outside the town walls and surrounded by water; it is now a feature of the town centre. By the 16th century it was uninhabitable. and much of it was dismantled in 1566.''Green Guide: Auvergne and Rhône Valley'', MICHELIN TYRE plc, 1995, p 142 On the east wall are traces of a fireplace and two vaulted bays. It was used as a prison from 1833 to the early 20th century. The property of the ''département'', the Château de Gannat has been listed since 1926 by the French Ministry of Culture as a ''monument historique''. Museum The museum i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vichy
Vichy (, ; ; oc, Vichèi, link=no, ) is a city in the Allier Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France, in the historic province of Bourbonnais. It is a Spa town, spa and resort town and in World War II was the seat of government, capital of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944. The term ''Vichyste'' indicated collaboration with the Vichy regime, often carrying a pejorative connotation. In 2021, the town became part of the transnational World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its famous baths and its architectural testimony to the popularity of spa towns in Europe from the 18th through 20th centuries. Name Vichy is the French form of the Occitan language, Occitan name of the town, ', of uncertain etymology. Albert Dauzat, Dauzat & al. have proposed that it derived from an unattested Latin name (') referencing the most important regional landowner (presumably a "Vippius") d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allier
Allier ( , , ; oc, Alèir) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region that borders Cher to the west, Nièvre to the north, Saône-et-Loire and Loire to the east, Puy-de-Dôme to the south, and Creuse to the south-west. Named after the river Allier, it had a population of 335,975 in 2019.Populations légales 2019: 03 Allier INSEE Moulins is the prefecture; Montluçon and are the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Route Nationale 9
The Route nationale 9, or ''RN 9'', was a trunk road (Route Nationale (France), nationale) in France between Moulins, Allier, Moulins and the frontier with Spain. Reclassification Much of the route of the RN 9 has now been/or in the process of being upgraded or replaced by the A75 autoroute in particular the section south of Clermont Ferrand to Béziers. Depending on which Department the road is in the old road is now numbered as various RD numbers: * RD 2009 in Allier * RD 2009 in Puy-de-Dôme between boundary 03/63 and exit 2 of A75 autoroute (with some exceptions like RD 2019 in Aigueperse, Puy-de-Dôme, Aigueperse, RD 2029 in Riom, RD 2099 in south-eastern Clermont-Ferrand) * RD 978 between exits 2 and 6 of A75 autoroute * RD 797 between exits 6 and 8 of A75 autoroute * RD 716 in Issoire * RD 909 from southern Issoire to boundary 63/43, in Haute-Loire and in Cantal * RD 809 in Lozère and Aveyron * RD 609 in Hérault * RD 6009 in Aude * RD 900 in Pyrénées-Orientales Route Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quartz
Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, behind feldspar. Quartz exists in two forms, the normal α-quartz and the high-temperature β-quartz, both of which are chiral. The transformation from α-quartz to β-quartz takes place abruptly at . Since the transformation is accompanied by a significant change in volume, it can easily induce microfracturing of ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature threshold. There are many different varieties of quartz, several of which are classified as gemstones. Since antiquity, varieties of quartz have been the most commonly used minerals in the making of jewelry and hardstone carvings, especially in Eurasia. Quartz is the mineral defining the val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand (, ; ; oc, label=Auvergnat (dialect), Auvergnat, Clarmont-Ferrand or Clharmou ; la, Augustonemetum) is a city and Communes of France, commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regions of France, region, with a population of 146,734 (2018). Its metropolitan area (''aire d'attraction'') had 504,157 inhabitants at the 2018 census.Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Clermont-Ferrand (022), Unité urbaine 2020 de Clermont-Ferrand (63701), Commune de Clermont-Ferrand (63113) INSEE It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture (capital) of the Puy-de-Dôme departments of France, department. Olivier Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moulins, Allier
Moulins (; oc, Molins) is a Communes of France, commune in central France, capital of the Allier Departments of France, department. It is located on the river Allier (river), Allier. Among its many tourist attractions are the Maison Mantin, the Anne de Beaujeu Museum and The National Center of Costume and Scenography. Geography Moulins is located on the banks of the river Allier. History Before the French Revolution, Moulins was the capital of the provinces of France, province of Bourbonnais and the seat of the Duc de Bourbon, Dukes of Bourbon. It appears in documented records at least as far back as the year 990. In 1232, Archambaud VIII, Sire de Bourbon granted a franchise to the village's inhabitants. The town achieved greater prominence in 1327, when Charles IV of France, Charles IV elevated Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, Louis I de Clermont to Duke of Bourbon. Either Louis or the later Peter II, Duke of Bourbon and Duke of Auvergne, of Auvergne moved the capital of the provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limagne
The Limagne () is large plain in the Auvergne region of France in the valley of the Allier river, on the edge of the Massif Central. It lies entirely within the ''département'' of Puy-de-Dôme. The term is sometimes used to include this, and three other less extensive plains, that lie along the valley of the Allier, in which case the first is known as ''Grande Limagne'' to distinguish it from the others. The name is derived from the Latin ''Lacus Magnus'', or large lake. Geology The Limagne plain is a graben, downthrown from the Massif Central by a series of normal faults that border the western edge of the plain. It contains about 2 km of sediments, and the amount of stretching of the crust is estimated as 1.2–1.3. The rifting started in the Late Eocene and the main phase of subsidence continued into the Late Oligocene. The Limagne Graben forms part of a system of linked rifts, including the Rhine Graben, known as the European Cenozoic Rift System, that formed in resp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alesia (city)
Alesia was the capital of the Mandubii, one of the Gallic tribes allied with the Aedui. The Celtic ''oppidum'' was conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars and afterwards became a Gallo-Roman town. Modern understanding of its location was controversial for a long time; however, it is now thought to have been located on Mont-Auxois, near Alise-Sainte-Reine in Burgundy, France. History Battle of Alesia Alesia is best known for being the site of the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC that marked the defeat of the Gauls under Vercingetorix by the Romans under Julius Caesar. Caesar described the battle in detail in his ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (Book VII, 69–90). The battle's outcome determined the fate of all of Gaul: in winning the battle, the Romans won both the Gallic Wars and dominion over Gaul. The enormous measures taken during the battle were impressive: in only six weeks, Caesar's troops built a ring of fortifications long (''circumvallation'') aroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vercingétorix
Vercingetorix (; Greek: Οὐερκιγγετόριξ; – 46 BC) was a Gallic king and chieftain of the Arverni tribe who united the Gauls in a failed revolt against Roman forces during the last phase of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. Despite having willingly surrendered to Caesar, he was executed in Rome. Vercingetorix was the son of Celtillus the Arvernian, leader of the Gallic tribes. Vercingetorix came to power after his formal designation as chieftain of the Arverni at the oppidum Gergovia in 52 BC. He immediately established an alliance with other Gallic tribes, took command, combined all forces and led them in the Celts' most significant revolt against Roman power. He won the Battle of Gergovia against Julius Caesar in which several thousand Romans and their allies were killed and the Roman legions withdrew. Caesar had been able to exploit Gaulish internal divisions to easily subjugate the country, and Vercingetorix's attempt to unite the Gauls against Roman invasion cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gergovie
Gergovie (in auvergnat ''Gergòia'') is a French village in the commune of La Roche-Blanche in the Puy-de-Dôme ''département'', a few kilometres south of Clermont-Ferrand. It is situated at the foot of the Gergovie plateau, the official but disputed site of the Battle of Gergovia, where—near the Arverni oppidum of Nemossos (a sacred wood, in Gaulish)—the Arverni and other Gallic tribes gathered under Vercingetorix's command to fight the Roman legions of Julius Caesar in 52 BC. The village was known as ''Merdogne'' until 1865, when it successfully petitioned the emperor Napoleon III to change the name to Gergovie, because the site of the Gauls' victory over Caesar was a more glorious name than one that resembled a vulgarity (''merde ''Shit'' is a word considered to be vulgar and profane in Modern English. As a noun, it refers to fecal matter, and as a verb it means to defecate; in the plural ("the shits"), it means diarrhea. ''Shite'' is a common variant in Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauls
The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They spoke Gaulish, a continental Celtic language. The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BC as bearers of La Tène culture north and west of the Alps. By the 4th century BC, they were spread over much of what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, Southern Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic, by virtue of controlling the trade routes along the river systems of the Rhône, Seine, Rhine, and Danube. They reached the peak of their power in the 3rd century BC. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, the Gauls expanded into Northern Italy ( Cisalpine Gaul), leading to the Roman–Gallic wars, and into the Balkans, leading to war with the Greeks. These latter Gauls eventually settled in Anatolia, becoming known as Galatians. After the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
