|
Gyromitra Colima
''Gyromitra'' () is a genus of about 18 species of Ascomycota, ascomycete fungi. They are a false morel - a frequently toxic mushroom that can be mistaken for edible mushrooms of the genus ''Morchella'' (morels). Taxonomy The name ''Gyromitra'' comes from ''gyro'' meaning ''convoluted'' and ''mitra'' meaning ''turban''. Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the genus ''Gyromitra'' to be most closely related to the genus ''Discina (fungus), Discina'', and also ''Pseudorhizina'', ''Hydnotrya'', and only distantly related to ''Helvella''. Thus the four genera are now included in the family Discinaceae. Species The genus consists of the following species: * ''Gyromitra ambigua'' * ''Gyromitra anthracobia'' * ''Gyromitra brunnea'' - known as a false morel * ''Gyromitra bubakii'' * ''Gyromitra californica'' * ''Gyromitra caroliniana'' (North America) * ''Gyromitra esculenta'' (Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, Pers.) Elias Magnus Fries, Fr. (1849) – a false morel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Morel
The name false morel is given to several species of mushroom which bear a resemblance to the highly regarded true morels of the genus '' Morchella''. Like ''Morchella'', false morels are members of the Pezizales, but within that group represent several unrelated taxa scattered through the families Morchellaceae, Discinaceae, and Helvellaceae, with the epithet "false morel" most often ascribed to members of the genus ''Gyromitra''. Compared to morels When gathering morels for mushrooms, care must be taken to distinguish them from potentially poisonous lookalikes. While a great many morel lookalikes, and even morels themselves are toxic or cause gastrointestinal upset when consumed raw, some, such as '' Gyromitra esculenta'' remain toxic even after conventional cooking methods. Although some false morels can be eaten without ill effect, others can cause severe gastrointestinal upset, loss of muscular coordination (including cardiac muscle), or even death. Incidents of poisoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitra Esculenta
''Gyromitra esculenta'' is an ascomycete fungus from the genus ''Gyromitra'', widely distributed across Europe and North America. It normally fruits in sandy soils under coniferous trees in spring and early summer. The fruiting body, or mushroom, is an irregular brain-shaped cap dark brown in colour that can reach high and wide, perched on a stout white stipe up to high. Although potentially fatal if eaten raw, ''Gyromitra esculenta'' is a popular delicacy in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and the upper Great Lakes region of North America. Although popular in some districts of the eastern Pyrenees, it is prohibited from sale to the public in Spain. It may be sold fresh in Finland, but it must be accompanied by warnings and instructions on correct preparation. Although it is still commonly parboiled before preparation, evidence suggests that even this procedure may not make ''Gyromitra esculenta'' entirely safe for consumption. When consumed, the principal active agent, gy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitra Californica
''Gyromitra californica'' is a species of fungus in the family Discinaceae. It was described as ''Helvella californica'' by W. Phillips in 1879. It is considered probably poisonous Poison is a chemical substance that has a detrimental effect to life. The term is used in a wide range of scientific fields and industries, where it is often specifically defined. It may also be applied colloquially or figuratively, with a broa .... References External links * Discinaceae Fungi described in 1879 Fungi of North America Fungi of California {{Ascomycota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methemoglobinemia
Methemoglobinemia, or methaemoglobinaemia, is a condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, poor muscle coordination, and blue-colored skin (cyanosis). Complications may include seizures and heart arrhythmias. Methemoglobinemia can be due to certain medications, chemicals, or food or it can be inherited from a person's parents. Substances involved may include benzocaine, nitrates, or dapsone. The underlying mechanism involves some of the iron in hemoglobin being converted from the ferrous e2+to the ferric e3+form. The diagnosis is often suspected based on symptoms and a low blood oxygen that does not improve with oxygen therapy. Diagnosis is confirmed by a blood gas. Treatment is generally with oxygen therapy and methylene blue. Other treatments may include vitamin C, exchange transfusion, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Outcomes are generally good with treatment. Methemoglobinemia is relatively u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kidney Failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and can often be irreversible. Symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion. Complications of acute and chronic failure include uremia, high blood potassium, and volume overload. Complications of chronic failure also include heart disease, high blood pressure, and anemia. Causes of acute kidney failure include low blood pressure, blockage of the urinary tract, certain medications, muscle breakdown, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease. Diagnosis of acute failure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemolysis
Hemolysis or haemolysis (), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro. One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death. Etymology From hemo- + -lysis, from , "blood") + , "loosening"). Inside the body Hemolysis inside the body can be caused by a large number of medical conditions, including some parasites (''e.g.'', ''Plasmodium''), some autoimmune disorders (''e.g.'', autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, drug-induced hemolytic anemia, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS)), some genetic disorders (''e.g.'', Sickle-cell disease or G6PD deficiency), or blood with too low a solute conc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitrin
Gyromitrin is a toxin and carcinogen present in several members of the fungal genus ''Gyromitra'', like '' G. esculenta''. Its formula is . It is unstable and is easily hydrolyzed to the toxic compound monomethylhydrazine . Monomethylhydrazine acts on the central nervous system and interferes with the normal use and function of vitamin B6. Poisoning results in nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea, while severe poisoning can result in convulsions, jaundice, or even coma or death. Exposure to monomethylhydrazine has been shown to be carcinogenic in small mammals. History Poisonings related to consumption of the false morel '' Gyromitra esculenta'', a highly regarded fungus eaten mainly in Finland and by some in parts of Europe and North America, had been reported for at least a hundred years. Experts speculated the reaction was more of an allergic one specific to the consumer, or a misidentification, rather than innate toxicity of the fungus, due to the wide range in effects se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitra Tasmanica
''Gyromitra'' () is a genus of about 18 species of ascomycete fungi. They are a false morel - a frequently toxic mushroom that can be mistaken for edible mushrooms of the genus ''Morchella'' (morels). Taxonomy The name ''Gyromitra'' comes from ''gyro'' meaning ''convoluted'' and ''mitra'' meaning ''turban''. Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the genus ''Gyromitra'' to be most closely related to the genus '' Discina'', and also ''Pseudorhizina'', ''Hydnotrya'', and only distantly related to '' Helvella''. Thus the four genera are now included in the family Discinaceae. Species The genus consists of the following species: * ''Gyromitra ambigua'' * '' Gyromitra anthracobia'' * '' Gyromitra brunnea'' - known as a false morel * ''Gyromitra bubakii'' * '' Gyromitra californica'' * ''Gyromitra caroliniana'' (North America) * ''Gyromitra esculenta'' (Pers.) Fr. (1849) – a false morel * '' Gyromitra fastigiata'' * ''Gyromitra gigas'' – snow morel ** '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitra Perlata
''Gyromitra'' () is a genus of about 18 species of ascomycete fungi. They are a false morel - a frequently toxic mushroom that can be mistaken for edible mushrooms of the genus ''Morchella'' (morels). Taxonomy The name ''Gyromitra'' comes from ''gyro'' meaning ''convoluted'' and ''mitra'' meaning ''turban''. Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the genus ''Gyromitra'' to be most closely related to the genus '' Discina'', and also ''Pseudorhizina'', ''Hydnotrya'', and only distantly related to '' Helvella''. Thus the four genera are now included in the family Discinaceae. Species The genus consists of the following species: * ''Gyromitra ambigua'' * '' Gyromitra anthracobia'' * '' Gyromitra brunnea'' - known as a false morel * ''Gyromitra bubakii'' * '' Gyromitra californica'' * ''Gyromitra caroliniana'' (North America) * ''Gyromitra esculenta'' (Pers.) Fr. (1849) – a false morel * '' Gyromitra fastigiata'' * ''Gyromitra gigas'' – snow morel ** '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitra Leucoxantha
''Gyromitra'' () is a genus of about 18 species of ascomycete fungi. They are a false morel - a frequently toxic mushroom that can be mistaken for edible mushrooms of the genus ''Morchella'' (morels). Taxonomy The name ''Gyromitra'' comes from ''gyro'' meaning ''convoluted'' and ''mitra'' meaning ''turban''. Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the genus ''Gyromitra'' to be most closely related to the genus '' Discina'', and also ''Pseudorhizina'', ''Hydnotrya'', and only distantly related to '' Helvella''. Thus the four genera are now included in the family Discinaceae. Species The genus consists of the following species: * ''Gyromitra ambigua'' * '' Gyromitra anthracobia'' * '' Gyromitra brunnea'' - known as a false morel * ''Gyromitra bubakii'' * '' Gyromitra californica'' * ''Gyromitra caroliniana'' (North America) * ''Gyromitra esculenta'' (Pers.) Fr. (1849) – a false morel * '' Gyromitra fastigiata'' * ''Gyromitra gigas'' – snow morel ** '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitra Infula
''Gyromitra infula'', commonly known as the hooded false morel or the elfin saddle, is a fungus in the family Helvellaceae. The dark reddish-brown caps of the fruit bodies develop a characteristic saddle-shape in maturity, and the ends of both saddle lobes are drawn out to sharp tips that project above the level of the fruit body. The stipe is white or flushed pale brown, smooth on the outside, but hollow with some chambers inside. It is found in the Northern Hemisphere, usually in the late summer and autumn, growing on rotting wood or on hard packed ground. ''G. infula'' is considered inedible as it contains the toxic compound gyromitrin which, when metabolized by the body, is converted into monomethylhydrazine, a component of some rocket fuels. The toxin may be removed by thorough cooking. ''Gyromitra'' fungi are included in the informal category "false morels". Taxonomy The fungus was first described in 1774 by German mycologist Jacob Christian Schäffer as ''Helve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyromitra Montana
''Gyromitra gigas'', commonly known as the giants false morel, snow morel, snow false morel, calf brain, or bull nose, is a fungus and a member of the Ascomycota. ''G. gigas'' is found in Europe. It is referred to as one of the false morels, due to its similar appearance and occurrence in the spring and early summer in similar habitats to true morels (''Morchella'' ssp.). It contains small quantities of hydrazines, its content in gyromitrin was scientifically assess by Viernstein et al. otanical identification 1980and resulted of about 1mg per kg of fresh mushroom (roughly 1500 fold less compared to esculenta). No casualties have been ascribed to its consumption, parboiling is still highly recommended. Some guides have listed it as being edible if properly prepared. However, consumption is not recommended due to variability and similarity to other more toxic species of ''Gyromitra''. This fungus has been banned for sale in France since 1991 due to potential toxicity, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2.jpg "Click for more on -> Methemoglobinemia")
