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Gyrographa
''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as the type species. This lichen, originally described by Julius von Flotow in 1825, was first placed in the genus ''Opegrapha''. Species in the genus have a crustose thallus lacking a cortex, and a dark brown prothallus. The photobiont partner is trentepholioid. The is thick and carbonised, and the ascospores lack a gelatinous sheath; these characteristics distinguish it from ''Opegrapha'' species. The genus name alludes to the ascomata An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are mo ... of the type species. Species * '' Gyrographa fecunda'' – Australia * '' Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' * '' Gyr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrographa Gyrocarpa
''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as the type species. This lichen, originally species description, described by Julius von Flotow in 1825, was first placed in the genus ''Opegrapha''. Species in the genus have a crustose lichen, crustose thallus lacking a cortex (botany), cortex, and a dark brown prothallus#In lichens, prothallus. The photobiont partner is Trentepohlia (alga), trentepholioid. The is thick and carbonised, and the ascospores lack a gelatinous sheath; these characteristics distinguish it from ''Opegrapha'' species. The genus name alludes to the ascomata of the type species. Species * ''Gyrographa fecunda'' – Australia * ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' * ''Gyrographa nigrofusca'' – India * ''Gyrographa saxigena'' References Roccellaceae Taxa described in 2014 Lichen genera Art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrographa Nigrofusca
''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as the type species. This lichen, originally described by Julius von Flotow in 1825, was first placed in the genus ''Opegrapha''. Species in the genus have a crustose thallus lacking a cortex, and a dark brown prothallus. The photobiont partner is trentepholioid. The is thick and carbonised, and the ascospores lack a gelatinous sheath; these characteristics distinguish it from ''Opegrapha'' species. The genus name alludes to the ascomata of the type species. Species * '' Gyrographa fecunda'' – Australia * ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa ''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as the type species. This lich ...'' * '' G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrographa Saxigena
''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as the type species. This lichen, originally described by Julius von Flotow in 1825, was first placed in the genus ''Opegrapha''. Species in the genus have a crustose thallus lacking a cortex, and a dark brown prothallus. The photobiont partner is trentepholioid. The is thick and carbonised, and the ascospores lack a gelatinous sheath; these characteristics distinguish it from ''Opegrapha'' species. The genus name alludes to the ascomata of the type species. Species * '' Gyrographa fecunda'' – Australia * ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' * ''Gyrographa nigrofusca ''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as the type species. This lichen, original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrographa Fecunda
''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as the type species. This lichen, originally described by Julius von Flotow in 1825, was first placed in the genus ''Opegrapha''. Species in the genus have a crustose thallus lacking a cortex, and a dark brown prothallus. The photobiont partner is trentepholioid. The is thick and carbonised, and the ascospores lack a gelatinous sheath; these characteristics distinguish it from ''Opegrapha'' species. The genus name alludes to the ascomata of the type species. Species * '' Gyrographa fecunda'' – Australia * ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' * ''Gyrographa nigrofusca'' – India * ''Gyrographa saxigena ''Gyrographa'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with ''Gyrographa gyrocarpa'' assigned as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roccellaceae
The Roccellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Arthoniomycetes. Most taxa are lichenized with green algae, although some are lichenicolous, growing on other lichens. Genera , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 47 genera and 266 species in family Roccellaceae. *'' Ancistrosporella'' – 3 spp. *'' Austrographa'' – 3 spp. *'' Austroroccella'' – 1 sp. *'' Baidera'' – 1 sp. *'' Chiodecton'' – ca. 22 spp. *'' Cresponea'' – 21 spp. *'' Crocellina'' – 1 sp. *'' Dendrographa'' – 7 spp. *'' Dichosporidium'' – 8 spp. *'' Diplogramma'' – 1 spp. *'' Dirina'' – 13 spp. *'' Dirinastrum'' – 2 spp. *'' Diromma'' – 1 sp. *'' Enterodictyon'' – 2 spp. * *'' Enterographa'' – (ca. 30 and 25 orphaned) *'' Erythrodecton'' – 3 spp. *'' Feigeana'' – 1 sp. *'' Follmanniella'' – 1 sp. *'' Gorgadesia'' – 1 sp. *'' Graphidastra'' – 4 spp. *'' Gyrographa'' – 3 spp. *'' Gyronactis'' – 2 spp. *'' Halographis'' – 1 sp. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flot
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Flot or FLOT may refer to: * Forward Line of Own Troops, a technical expression for a military front line * '' Flot.'', taxonomic author abbreviation of Julius von Flotow (1788–1856), German botanist specialized in lichenology and bryology See also * First law of thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes. It distinguishes in principle two forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work for a system of a constant amoun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortex (botany)
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells. Plants Stems and branches In the three dimensional structure of herbaceous stems, the epidermis, cortex and vascular cambium form concentric cylinders around the inner cylindrical core of pith. Some of the outer cortical cells may contain chloroplasts, giving them a green color. They can therefore produce simple carbohydrates through photosynthesis. In woody plants, the cortex is located between the periderm (bark) and the vascular tissue (phloem, in particular). It is responsible for the transportation of materials into the central cylinder of the root through diffusion and may als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Described In 2014
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first made widely available in 1805 in the intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomata
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trentepohlia (alga)
''Trentepohlia'' is a genus of filamentous chlorophyte green algae in the family Trentepohliaceae, living free on terrestrial supports such as tree trunks and wet rocks or symbiotically in lichens. The filaments of ''Trentepohlia'' have a strong orange colour (photograph at right) caused by the presence of large quantities of carotenoid pigments which mask the green of the chlorophyll. ''Trentepohlia'' species form associations with fungal hyphae, and are widespread phycobionts in lichens, such as the "secret writing" crustose lichen genera '' Graphis'', ''Graphina'', ''Gyalecta'' and ''Opegrapha''.F.S. Dobson (2000) Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. Richmond publishing Co. T. Friedl and B. Büdel (1996) Photobionts, in Nash, T.H. (ed.) Lichen biology, pp.8-23, Cambridge University Press. There are about 40 species of ''Trentepohlia'' mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas but several species also occur in temperate environments inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
