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Guillaume Dubois
Guillaume Dubois (6 September 1656 – 10 August 1723) was a French cardinal and statesman. Life and government Early years Dubois, the third of the four great Cardinal-Ministers ( Richelieu, Mazarin, Dubois, and Fleury), was born in Brive-la-Gaillarde, in Limousin. He was, according to his enemies, the son of an apothecary, his father being in fact a doctor of medicine of a respectable family, who kept a small drug store as part of the necessary outfit of a country practitioner. He was educated at the school of the Brothers of the Christian Doctrine at Brive, where he received the tonsure at the age of thirteen. In 1672, having finished his philosophy course, he was given a scholarship at the college of St. Michel in Paris by the lieutenant-general of the Limousin. The head of the college, the abbé Antoine Faure, who was from the same part of the country as himself, befriended the lad, and continued to do so for many years after he had finished his course, finding him pupil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
His Eminence
His Eminence (abbreviation H.Em. or H.E. or HE) is a style (manner of address), style of reference for high nobility, still in use in various religious contexts. Catholicism The style remains in use as the official style or standard form of address in reference to a cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Catholic Church, reflecting his status as a Prince of the Church. A longer, and more formal, title is "His (or Your when addressing the cardinal directly) Most Reverend Eminence". Patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches who are also cardinals may be addressed as "His Eminence" or by the style particular to Catholic patriarchs, His Beatitude. When the Grand master (order), Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the head of state of their sovereign territorial state comprising the island of Malta until 1797, who had already been made a Reichsfürst (i.e., prince of the Holy Roman Empire) in 1607, became (in terms of honorary order of precedence, not in the act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Nationality Law
French nationality law is historically based on the principles of ''jus soli'' (Latin for "right of soil") and '' jus sanguinis'', according to Ernest Renan's definition, in opposition to the German definition of nationality, ''jus sanguinis'' (Latin for "right of blood"), formalised by Johann Gottlieb Fichte. The 1993 Méhaignerie Law, which was part of a broader immigration control agenda to restrict access to French nationality and increase the focus on ''jus sanguinis'' as the citizenship determinant for children born in France, required children born in France of foreign parents to request French nationality at adulthood, rather than being automatically accorded citizenship. This "manifestation of will" requirement was subsequently abrogated by the Guigou Law of 1998, but children born in France of foreign parents remain foreign until obtaining legal majority. Children born in France to tourists or other short-term visitors do not acquire French citizenship by virtue o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau
Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau, comte de Morville (30 October 1686, in Paris – 2 February 1732) was a French statesman. Son of Joseph Fleuriau d'Armenonville, he was ambassador to Holland, then Secretary of State for the Navy from 28 February 1722 to 16 August 1723. When cardinal Dubois entered his death throes, the duke of Orléans sent Fleuriau de Morville to Versailles to lay hands on Dubois's papers and, in reward, named him Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs The secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, known as the foreign secretary, is a minister of the Crown of the Government of the United Kingdom and head of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Seen as ... on 16 August 1723. He remained in this post until 19 August 1727. {{DEFAULTSORT:Fleuriau, Charles Jean 1686 births 1732 deaths 18th-century French people 17th-century French people People of the Regency of Philippe d'Orléans People of the Ancien Rég ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas Chalon Du Blé
Nicolas Chalon du Blé, marquis d'Uxelles and Cormatin (24 January 1652 – 10 April 1730) was a French general and Foreign Minister. He was also created a knight and Marshal of France by Louis XIV, and was a diplomat for Louis XIV and Philippe II, Duke of Orléans. Biography Early years du Blé was born at Chalon-sur-Saône. His appearance was described as tall and ruddy, with a huge wig and a hat pulled down over his eyes. He tended to hide his military orders and decorations under a plain, tightly-buttoned coat.''The Man Who Would Be King; The Life of Philippe d'Orléans, Regent of France'' by Christine Pevitt. Published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson in Great Britain, 1997. Second heir of Louis Chalon du Blé, marquis of Uxelles (who died in 1658 at the siege of Gravelines), and of Marie Le Bailleul (1626–1712), Nicolas Chalon du Blé was a protégé of Camille le Tellier de Louvois. Military career He was granted military leadership in 1688, during the Nine Years' War; h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regent
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, or the throne is vacant and the new monarch has not yet been determined. One variation is in the Monarchy of Liechtenstein, where a competent monarch may choose to assign regency to their of-age heir, handing over the majority of their responsibilities to prepare the heir for future succession. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency. A regent or regency council may be formed ''ad hoc'' or in accordance with a constitutional rule. ''Regent'' is sometimes a formal title granted to a monarch's most trusted advisor or personal assistant. If the regent is holding their position due to their position in the line of succession, the compound term '' prince regent'' is often used; if the regent of a minor is their mother, she would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe II, Duke Of Orléans
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Charles; 2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723), was a French prince, soldier, and statesman who served as Regent of the Kingdom of France from 1715 to 1723. He is referred to in French as ''le Régent''. He was the son of Monsieur Philippe I, Duke of Orleans, and Madame Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orleans. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth by the title of Duke of Chartres. In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter (''légitimée de France'') of King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. Named regent of France during the minority of Louis XV, his great-nephew and first cousin twice removed, the period of his ''de facto'' rule was known as the Regency (french: la Régence) (1715–1723). The Regency came to an end in February 1723, and the Duke of Orléans died at Versailles in December. Parents In March 1661, Monsieur Phil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XV Of France
Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defined as his 13th birthday) on 15 February 1723, the kingdom was ruled by his grand-uncle Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, as Regent of France. Cardinal Fleury was chief minister from 1726 until his death in 1743, at which time the king took sole control of the kingdom. His reign of almost 59 years (from 1715 to 1774) was the second longest in the history of France, exceeded only by his predecessor, Louis XIV, who had ruled for 72 years (from 1643 to 1715). In 1748, Louis returned the Austrian Netherlands, won at the Battle of Fontenoy of 1745. He ceded New France in North America to Great Britain and Spain at the conclusion of the disastrous Seven Years' War in 1763. He incorporated the territories of the Duchy of Lorra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Foreign Affairs And International Development (France)
The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs () is the ministry of the Government of France that handles France's foreign relations. Since 1855, its headquarters have been located at 37 Quai d'Orsay, close to the National Assembly. The term Quai d'Orsay is often used as a metonym for the ministry. Its cabinet minister, the Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs (french: Ministre de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères) is responsible for the foreign relations of France. The current officeholder, Catherine Colonna, was appointed in 2022. In 1547, royal secretaries became specialised, writing correspondence to foreign governments and negotiating peace treaties. The four French secretaries of state where foreign relations were divided by region, in 1589, became centralised with one becoming first secretary responsible for international relations. The Ancien Régime position of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs became Foreign Minister around 1723; Charles Hélion Marie le Gend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles-Jean-François Hénault
Charles-Jean-François Hénault (8 February 1685 – 24 November 1770) was a French writer and historian. Life and career Early years Hénault was born in Paris. His father, René Jean Rémy Hénault de Cantobre (1648–1737) a farmer-general of taxes, ''Ferme générale'', was a man of literary tastes, and young Hénault obtained a good education at the Jesuit college, Lycée Louis-le-Grand. His mother was Françoise de Ponthon (died 1738). Captivated by the eloquence of Massillon, in his fifteenth year he entered the Oratory with the view of becoming a preacher but after two-year's residence he changed his intention, and, inheriting a position which secured him access to the most select society of Paris, he achieved distinction at an early period by his witty and graceful manners. Career Hénault's literary talent, manifested in the composition of various light poetical pieces, an opera, a tragedy (''Cornélie, vestale'', 1713), etc., obtained his entrance to the Academy (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Dacier
André Dacier ( la, Andreas Dacerius; 6 April 165118 September 1722) was a French classical scholar and editor of texts. He began his career with an edition and commentary of Festus' ''De verborum significatione'', and was the first to produce a "readable" text of the 20-book work.Fragmenta Selecta Antiquarian Booksellers citing Martine Furno, ''La collection Ad usum Delphini'' (ELLUG, 2005), vol. 2, pp. 263–272. His wife was the influential classical scholar and translator, . Life and career Dacier was born at |
List Of Members Of The Académie Française
This is a list of members of the Académie française (French Academy) by seat number. The primary professions of the academicians are noted. The dates shown indicate the terms of the members, who generally serve for life. Some, however, were "excluded" during the reorganisations of 1803 and 1816 and at other times. Seat 1 # Pierre Séguier, 1635–1643, politician and magistrate # Claude Bazin de Bezons, 1643–1684, lawyer # Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, 1684–1711, poet # Jean d'Estrées, 1711–1718, ecclesiastic and politician # Marc-René d'Argenson, 1718–1721, politician # Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy, 1721–1753, ecclesiastic # Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, 1753–1788, essayist # Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, 1788–1794, medical doctor # François-Urbain Domergue, 1803–1810, grammarian # Ange-François Fariau, 1810, poet and translator # François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison, 1811–1834, poet # Narcisse-Achille de Salvand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Doctrine Fathers
The Christian Doctrine Fathers officially named Congregation of Christian Doctrine ( la, Congregatio Patrum Doctrinae Christianae), abbreviated D.C. and also commonly called the Doctrinaries, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men. As of 31 December 2020, the congregation consisted of 20 communities with 85 religious, 54 of them priests. Dottrinari priests are devoted mainly to parish ministry, teaching and publishing—especially catechetical texts. History The Congregation was founded on September 29, 1592 in L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, France by French priest César de Bus (1544–1607) as a community of priests devoted to the secular education of children. It was approved by the Holy See on 23 December 1597. The congregation was reorganized by Pope Benedict XIII and Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV ( la, Benedictus XIV; it, Benedetto XIV; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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