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Gugur Bunga
"Gugur Bunga di Taman Bakti" (''The Fallen Flower in the Garden of Devotion''), better known as "Gugur Bunga", is an Indonesian patriotic song written by Ismail Marzuki in 1945. Written to honor the Indonesian soldiers killed during the Indonesian National Revolution, it tells of the death of a soldier, and the singer's feelings. It has since become a common song for protests and funerals. The song's line ''gugur satu, tumbuh seribu'' (one falls, a thousand arise) has entered common Indonesian vernacular. Writing "Gugur Bunga" was written by Ismail Marzuki in 1945 at the beginning of the Indonesian National Revolution. It was written in honour of the Indonesian soldiers who died fighting the Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonial army. During the war, an estimated 45,000 to 100,000 Indonesians died in combat, with civilian casualties exceeding 25,000, possibly as many as 100,000.Friend, Bill personal comment 22 April 2004; ; Nyoman S. Pendit, ''Bali Berjuang'' (2nd edn Jakarta:Gunung Ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ismail Marzuki
Ismail Marzuki (also known as Bang Ma'ing; 11 May 1914 – 25 May 1958) was an Indonesian composer, songwriter and musician who wrote around 202 to 240 songs between 1931 and 1958, including numerous popular patriotic songs. Among his best-known works are "Halo, Halo Bandung", "Gugur Bunga", and " Rayuan Pulau Kelapa". In 1968, he was honoured with the creation of the well-known ''Taman Ismail Marzuki'' (the Ismail Marzuki Park, often called ''TIM'') which is a cultural centre in Menteng in central Jakarta. In 2004 he was declared one of the National Heroes of Indonesia. Biography Marzuki was born in Kwitang, Jakarta (formerly known as Batavia) to a wealthy Betawi family. His father Marzuki owned an automobile repair shop, and played the rebana; his mother died while giving birth to him. From a young age Marzuki enjoyed music, listening to songs repeatedly on the family's gramophone and learning to play the rebana, ukulele, and guitar. Marzuki studied at an elementary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suharto
Suharto (; ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto led Indonesia through a dictatorship for 31 years, from the fall of Sukarno in 1967 until his own resignation in 1998. The legacy of his 31-year rule, and his US$38 billion net worth, is still debated at home and abroad. Suharto was born in the small village of Kemusuk, in the Godean area near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he lived with foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation era, Suharto served in the Japanese-organized Indonesian security forces. During Indonesia's independence struggle, he joined the newly formed Indonesian Army. There, Suharto rose to the rank of major g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 Songs
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: ** Germany begins Operation Bodenplatte, an attempt by the ''Luftwaffe'' to cripple Allied air forces in the Low Countries. ** Chenogne massacre: German prisoners are allegedly killed by American forces near the village of Chenogne, Belgium. * January 6 – WWII: A German offensive recaptures Esztergom, Hungary from the Russians. * January 12 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the Vistula–Oder Offensive in Eastern Europe, against the German Army. * January 13 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the East Prussian Offensive, to eliminate German forces in East Prussia. * January 16 – WWII: Adolf Hitler takes residence in the ''Führerbunker'' in Berlin. * January 17 ** WWII: The Soviet Union occupies Warsaw, Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuttle Publishing
Tuttle Publishing, originally the Charles E. Tuttle Company, is a book publishing company that includes Tuttle, Periplus Editions, and Journey Editions.Tutttle Publishing: About us Retrieved on April 17, 2010.Grant, T. (1997): ''International directory of company histories'' (Vol. 86, 2nd ed., pp. 404–405). Chicago, IL: Saint James Press. () A company profile describes it as an "International publisher of innovative books on design, cooking, martial arts, language, travel and spirituality with a focus on China, Japan and Southeast Asia."The London Book Fair: Tuttle Publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformasi (Indonesia)
The Post-Suharto era is the contemporary history in Indonesia, which began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation, the country has been in a period of transition known as the Reform era ( id, Era Reformasi). This period has been characterised by a more open and liberal political-social environment. Issues over this period have included a push for a stronger democracy and civilian rule, elements of the military trying to retain their influence, a growing Islamism in politics and society, and demands for greater regional autonomy. The process of has resulted in a higher degree of freedom of speech, in contrast to the pervasive censorship under the New Order. This has led to a more open political debate in the news media and increased expression in the arts. Events that have shaped Indonesia in this period include a bombing campaign by Islamic terrorists (including the 2002 Bali bombings), with 2004 Indian Ocean earthqua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trisakti Shootings
The Trisakti shootings, also known as the Trisakti tragedy ( id, Tragedi Trisakti), took place at Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia on 12 May 1998. At a demonstration demanding President Suharto's resignation, TNI-AD soldiers opened fire on unarmed protestors. Four students, Elang Mulia Lesmana, Heri Hertanto, Hafidin Royan, and Hendriawan Sie, were killed and dozens more were injured. The shootings caused riots to break out throughout Indonesia, eventually leading to Suharto's resignation. Background The economy of Indonesia suffered in 1997 and 1998 due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The value of the Indonesian rupiah plummeted, with a record exchange rate of 2,682 rupiah per United States dollar by 13 August 1997 and continuing to free-fall. By 1998, hundreds of students from universities across the country were demonstrating calling for President Suharto's resignation. A demonstration on 16 May 1998 at the Bandung Institute of Technology saw 500 demonstrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosihan Anwar
Rosihan Anwar (10 May 1922 – 14 April 2011) was a renowned Indonesian journalist and author. Rosihan Anwar was born in Kubang Nan Dua, West Sumatra. Rosihan received his early education at HIS and MULO in Padang. He continued his studies at Algemene Middelbare School (AMS) in Yogyakarta and often participated in journalism workshops at Columbia University, New York. His career began as reporter in ''Asia Raja'' newspaper during the Japanese Invasion of Indonesia. In 1947, he founded ''Siasat'' magazine. He was also the founder and editor of ''Pedoman'' newspaper, which was twice forcibly closed by Sukarno regime (1961) and Suharto's New Order administration (1974), because of its vocal criticism of the authoritarian regime. Rosihan also acted in several movies such as Lagi-lagi Krisis (Crisis Again), Karmila, and Tjoet Nja’ Dien Rosihan Anwar was not interested in power, but was more a man of conscience and culture. He wrote critiques in local and foreign media. He was on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ani Yudhoyono
Kristiani Herrawati Yudhoyono (6 July 1952 – 1 June 2019), more commonly known as Ani Yudhoyono, was an Indonesian political scientist, who was the wife of former Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and First Lady of Indonesia from 2004 until 2014. Family and education Kristiani Herrawati was born on 6 July 1952 in Yogyakarta, to Lt. Gen. (ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo and Sunarti Sri Hadiyah. She was the third child of seven siblings. In 1973, she became a medical student at the Christian University of Indonesia, but in the third year she followed her father who was appointed an ambassador to South Korea. She subsequently married Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) in 1976. Ani later continued studying at Terbuka University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1998. Career Yudhoyono's political activities included her appointment as vice chairman of the Democratic Party. She campaigned for the successful election of her husband for President of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ainun Habibie
Hasri Ainun Habibie ( Besari; 11 August 1937 – 22 May 2010) was an Indonesian physician and wife of former President B. J. Habibie. She served as First Lady of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. Early life Ainun was born on 11 August 1937 in Semarang to R. Mohamad Besari, a lecturer, and his wife Sadarmi Besari, a midwife, whose family is known as well-educated and intellectual. She and her siblings studied at Dago Christian Junior College. Her eldest brother, Sahari, graduated from junior college when he was in sophomore year and continued his education at Bandung Institute of Technology. Ainun continued her education in the Medical Faculty of University of Indonesia and graduated in 1961. Marriage Ainun first met B. J. "Rudy" Habibie when they were studying in secondary school. They were schoolmates when studying in Dago Christian Junior College. Their families had known each other for a long time and often visited each other. In 1962, Rudy and Ainun met again. They fell in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gatra (magazine)
''Gatra'' is a weekly news magazine published in Jakarta, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine .... It is one of the two principal news magazines in the country, the other being ''Tempo''. ''Gatra'' was founded in 1994. The magazine has its headquarters in Jakarta. It provides articles on news and is published on a weekly basis. References External linksOfficial site 1994 establishments in Indonesia News magazines published in Asia Political magazines published in Indonesia Indonesian-language magazines Magazines established in 1994 Magazines published in Jakarta Weekly magazines {{Indonesia-media-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid ( ; born Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil; 7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009), though more colloquially known as Gus Dur (), was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the 4th president of Indonesia, from his election in 1999 until his removal from power in 2001. A long time leader within the Nahdlatul Ulama organization, he was the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB). He was the son of Minister of Religious Affairs Wahid Hasyim, and the grandson of Nahdatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari. He had a visual impairment caused by glaucoma. He was blind on the left eye and partially blind on his right eye. He was the first and as of 2022 the only president of Indonesia to have had physical disabilities. His popular nickname 'Gus Dur' is derived from ''Gus'', a common honorific for a son of kyai, and from the short-form of ''bagus'' ('handsome lad' in Javanese); and ''Dur'', short-form of his name, Abdurrahman. Early life Abdurrah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution, or the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during Aftermath of WWII, postwar and Dutch East Indies#World War II and independence, postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesian Declaration of Independence, Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949. The four-year struggle involved sporadic but bloody armed conflict, internal Indonesian political and communal upheavals, and two major international diplomatic interventions. Dutch military forces (and, for a while, the forces of the World War II Allies, World War II allies) were able to control the major towns, cities and industrial assets in Republican heartlands on Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
