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Great Petition
The Great Petition ( fi, Suuri Adressi) was a document produced in the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1899, during the first period of the Russification of Finland. It petitioned the Grand Duke of Finland, Tsar Nicholas II to reconsider his February Manifesto issued earlier in the same year. University students went from village to village to collect more than half a million signatures, roughly one fifth of the Finnish population at the time, within eleven days. When the delegation, consisting of 500 men all around Finland, delivering the petition arrived in St Petersburg, the Tsar declined to see it. Thus, it failed to have any effect. See also *Kagal (Finnish resistance movement) *Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament References Literature from periodicals: * John William Nylander, ''Suuri lähetystö : muistoja ja tuokiokuvia'' (alkuteos: ''Den stora deputationen'', suom. Santeri Ingman), 1899 (162 s.) * Santeri Ingman, ''Suuri lähetystö : kerto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Emil Ståhlberg - Nylands Nation Gathering Names For The Great Petition
Karl may refer to: People * Karl (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Karl der Große, commonly known in English as Charlemagne * Karl Marx, German philosopher and political writer * Karl of Austria, last Austrian Emperor * Karl (footballer) (born 1993), Karl Cachoeira Della Vedova Júnior, Brazilian footballer In myth * Karl (mythology), in Norse mythology, a son of Rig and considered the progenitor of peasants (churl) * ''Karl'', giant in Icelandic myth, associated with Drangey island Vehicles * Opel Karl, a car * ST ''Karl'', Swedish tugboat requisitioned during the Second World War as ST ''Empire Henchman'' Other uses * Karl, Germany, municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany * ''Karl-Gerät'', AKA Mörser Karl, 600mm German mortar used in the Second World War * KARL project, an open source knowledge management system * Korean Amateur Radio League, a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in South Korea * KAR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland ( fi, Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta; sv, Storfurstendömet Finland; russian: Великое княжество Финляндское, , all of which literally translate as Grand Principality of Finland) was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed between 1809 and 1917 as an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. Originating in the 16th century as a titular grand duchy held by the King of Sweden, the country became autonomous after its annexation by Russia in the Finnish War of 1808–1809. The Grand Duke of Finland was the Romanov Emperor of Russia, represented by the Governor-General. Due to the governmental structure of the Russian Empire and Finnish initiative, the Grand Duchy's autonomy expanded until the end of the 19th century. The Senate of Finland, founded in 1809, became the most important governmental organ and the precursor to the modern Government of Finland, the Supreme Court of Finland, and the Supreme Administrative Court of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russification Of Finland
The policy of Russification of Finland ( fi, sortokaudet / sortovuodet, lit=times/years of oppression; russian: Русификация Финляндии, translit=Rusyfikatsiya Finlyandii) was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire aimed at limiting the special status of the Grand Duchy of Finland and possibly the termination of its political autonomy and cultural uniqueness in 1899–1905 and in 1908–1917. It was a part of a larger policy of Russification pursued by late 19th–early 20th century Russian governments which tried to abolish cultural and administrative autonomy of non-Russian minorities within the empire. The two Russification campaigns evoked widespread Finnish resistance, starting with petitions and escalating to strikes, passive resistance (including draft resistance) and eventually active resistance. Finnish opposition to Russification was one of the main factors that ultimately led to Finland's declaration of independence in 1917. Under Tsarist Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duke Of Finland
Grand Duke of Finland, or, more accurately, the Grand Prince of Finland ( fi, Suomen suuriruhtinas, sv, Storfurste av Finland, rus, Великий князь Финляндский, r=Velikiy knyaz' Finlyandskiy, p=vʲɪˈlʲikɪj knʲæsʲ fʲɪnˈlʲan(t)skʲɪj), was, from around 1580 to 1809, a title in use by most Swedish monarchs. Between 1809 and 1917, it was the official title of the ruler of the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland, who was also the Emperor of Russia. The anachronistic female form of the title in English would be ''Grand Duchess of Finland'' ( sv, link=no, Storfurstinna av Finland, fi, link=no, Suomen suuriruhtinatar). The only women to have used the title were the Swedish queens regnant Kristina and Ulrika Eleonora. A few crown princes of Sweden also were called ''Grand Duke of Finland''. Swedish era until 1809 Around 1580, King Johan III of Sweden, who had previously (1556–63) been the Duke of Finland (a royal duke), assumed the subsidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsar Nicholas II
Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. During his reign, Nicholas gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers, Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin. He advocated modernization based on foreign loans and close ties with France, but resisted giving the new parliament (the Duma) major roles. Ultimately, progress was undermined by Nicholas's commitment to autocratic rule, strong aristocratic opposition and defeats sustained by the Russian military in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. By March 1917, public support for Nicholas had collapsed and he was forced to abdicate the throne, thereby ending the Romanov dynasty's 304-year rule of Russia (161 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February Manifesto
The February Manifesto, also known as His Imperial Majesty's Graceful Announcement (decree collection 3/1899) was a legislative act given by Emperor of Russia Nicholas II on 15 February 1899, defining the legislation order of laws concerning the Grand Duchy of Finland. This included all laws which also concerned the interest of the Empire of Russia. The manifesto left the Diet of Finland only an advisory role in passing these laws. The February Manifesto was seen as the beginning of the first period of Russian oppression and generally the start of Russification of Finland.Klinge, Matti: ''Keisarin Suomi'', Schildts Miktor, 1997. Tommila, Päiviö (ed.): ''Venäläinen sortokausi Suomessa''. WSOY, 1960 The fundamental statutes of state legislation procedure were published in connection with the manifesto, based on which the Russian state council would review the law proposals. The emperor had the final decision. There was no definition or restriction of what matters the state legisla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), is the second-largest city in Russia. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, with a population of roughly 5.4 million residents. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow and London, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As Russia's Imperial capital, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress, and was named after apostle Saint Peter. In Russia, Saint Petersburg is historically and culturally associated with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kagal (Finnish Resistance Movement)
In the history of Finland, the Kagal was a resistance movement that existed before the 1905 Russian Revolution and founded under the period of Russian oppression, in resistance to the oppressive government of Governor-General Nikolai Bobrikov which actively conducted Russification of Finland. The name (Finnish ''Kagaali'', Swedish ''Kagal'') comes via Russian (hence the -g- for an original -h-) from the Hebrew word ''qahal'', (congregation'', ''assembly). The word was a mocking name used by Russian conservative newspapers as a means of ridicule when referring to the anti-government activity in Finland. In the original meaning, Kagal/Kahal referred to a central body for the Jewish congregations of Russia. The central character of the Kagal is thought to have been Leo Mechelin, an independent liberal, but notable lead characters also included Carl Mannerheim (older brother of Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim), Adolf von Bonsdorff, Ernst Estlander, J. N. Reuter, A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petition Movement For The Establishment Of A Taiwanese Parliament
The Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament (or alternatively translated ... Taiwan Representative Assembly, Taiwan Parliament Petition League Movement) took place in the first half of the twentieth century. It demanded that the Imperial Diet of Japan establish a self-governing parliament, or representative assembly, in Taiwan. Started by New People Society of Taiwan, this movement marked a transition in Taiwanese colonial politics, from armed resistance to modern political movement. It was the longest political movement during the Japanese occupation period of Taiwan.. The movement was led by Rin Kendō of the Taiwanese Cultural Association, who founded the League for the Establishment of a Formosan Parliament in 1923. The group delivered their last petition in 1934, without accomplishing their goal. Limited local elections were held in 1935. References See also *Great Petition The Great Petition ( fi, Suuri Adressi) was a document produced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Päiviö Tommila
Juhani Päiviö Tommila (4 August 1931 – 18 November 2022) was a Finnish historian and professor at Helsinki University. Career Tommila was born in Jyväskylä on 4 August 1931. He became a PhD in 1962 with his dissertation ''La Finlande dans la politique européenne en 1809–1815''. He was assistant at the university of Helsinki 1959-65 and associate professor 1962–67. Tommila was professor in Finland's history at the University of Turku 1965-76 and professor in Finland's history at Helsinki University 1976–94. He served as rector of the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1992. Tommila focused on Finnish history, foremost its political history in the 19th century, urban and journalistic history, and also historiography. He was an academician, and a member of the Academy of Finland from 2004. Tommila's father was Eero Tommila, professor for chemistry at Helsinki University. Päiviö Tommila died on 18 November 2022, at the age of 91, in Kauniainen Kauniainen (; sv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1899 In Finland
Events January 1899 * January 1 ** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. ** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City. * January 2 – **Bolivia sets up a customs office in Porto Acre, Puerto Alonso, leading to the Brazilian settlers there to declare the Republic of Acre in a revolt against Bolivian authorities. **The first part of the Jakarta Kota–Anyer Kidul railway on the island of Java is opened between Batavia Zuid (Jakarta Kota railway station, Jakarta Kota) and Tangerang railway station, Tangerang. * January 3 – Hungarian Prime Minister Dezső Bánffy fights an inconclusive duel with his bitter enemy in parliament, Horánszky Nándor. * January 4 – **U.S. President William McKinley's declaration of December 21, 1898, proclaiming a policy of benevolent assimilation of the Philippines as a United States territory, is announced in Manila by the U.S. commander, General Elwel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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