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Grapevine Trunk Disease
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are the most destructive diseases of vineyards worldwide. Fungicides (such as sodium arsenite or 8-hydroxyquinoline, used to fight esca) with the potential to control GTD have been banned in Europe and there are no highly effective treatments available. Action to develop new strategies to fight these diseases are needed. The following fungal species are responsible for grapevine trunk diseases: * ''Botryosphaeria dothidea'' and other ''Botryosphaeria'' species, such as '' B. obtusa'', '' B. parva'' and '' B. australis'',Botryosphaeria spp. as grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Niekerk, J.M, P.H. Fourie, F. Halleen and P.W. Crous, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2006, volume 45, pages 43-54 * ''Cylindrocarpon'' spp., ''Ilyonectria'' spp., ''Dactylonectria'' spp. and ''Campylocarpon'' spp.Occurrence of grapevine trunk disease pathogens in rootstock mother plants in South Africa. P. H. Fourie and F. Halleen, Australasian Plant Pathology, June 2004, Volume 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Arsenite
Sodium arsenite usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula NaAsO2. Also called sodium ''meta''-arsenite, it is the sodium salt of arsenous acid. Sodium ''ortho''-arsenite is Na3AsO3.Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. . The compounds are colourless solids. Synthesis and structure A mixture of sodium ''meta''-arsenite and sodium ''ortho''-arsenite is produced by treating arsenic trioxide with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Sodium arsenite is amorphous, typically being obtained as a powder or as a glassy mass. The compound consists of the polymer sO2associated with sodium cations, Na+. The polymer backbone has the connectivity -O-As(O−)-. Health effects Sodium arsenite can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Along with its known carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, contact with the substance can yield symptoms such as skin irritation, burns, itching, thickened skin, rash, lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dothiorella Viticola
''Botryosphaeria viticola'' is a fungus species in the genus ''Botryosphaeria'' responsible for a grapevine trunk disease. This species has a ''Dothiorella'' anamorph. It has been isolated from pruned canes of ''Vitis vinifera cv. Garnatxa Negra'' in Catalonia, Spain.Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov. on grapevines: a new species with a Dothiorella anamorph. Jordi Luque, Soledad Martos and Alan J.L. Phillips, Mycologia, 2005, 97(5), pages 1111–1121article References External links Index Fungorum Botryosphaeria, viticola Fungi described in 2006 Grapevine trunk diseases {{Dothideomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeoacremonium
''Phaeoacremonium'' is a fungus genus associated with wilt and decline diseases of woody hosts and human infections. ''Togninia'' is the teleomorph (the sexual reproductive stage) of ''Phaeoacremonium''. Species * ''Phaeoacremonium aleophilum'', associated with esca in mature grapevines and decline in young vines (Petri disease), two types of grapevine trunk disease. * ''Phaeoacremonium alvesii'', a cause of subcutaneous infection of humans * ''Phaeoacremonium amstelodamense'', a cause of human joint infection * ''Phaeoacremonium australiense'', an endophyte of grapevines * ''Phaeoacremonium griseorubrum'', a cause of human fungemia (blood infection) * ''Phaeoacremonium krajdenii'', a cause of subcutaneous infection of humans * ''Phaeoacremonium parasitica'', formerly ''Phialophora parasitica'' * ''Phaeoacremonium scolyti'', an endophyte of grapevine, also isolated from bark beetle larvae * ''Phaeoacremonium sphinctrophorum'', from fungal cyst of the human foot * ''Phaeoacre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeoacremonium Aleophilum
''Phaeoacremonium aleophilum'' is a fungus species in the genus ''Phaeoacremonium''. It is associated with ''Phaeomoniella chlamydospora'' in esca (grape disease), esca in mature grapevines and decline in young vines (Petri disease), two types of grapevine trunk disease. ''Togninia minima'' is the teleomorph (the sexual reproductive stage) of ''P. aleophilum''. References External links mycobank.org Grapevine trunk diseases Diaporthales Fungi described in 1996 {{ascomycota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neofusicoccum Luteum
''Neofusicoccum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Species *''Neofusicoccum andinum'' *''Neofusicoccum arbuti'' *''Neofusicoccum australe'' *''Neofusicoccum carallia'' *''Neofusicoccum cordaticola'' *''Neofusicoccum corticosae'' *''Neofusicoccum eucalypticola'' *''Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum'' *''Neofusicoccum grevilleae'' *''Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense'' *''Neofusicoccum luteum'' *''Neofusicoccum macroclavatum'' *''Neofusicoccum mangiferae'' *''Neofusicoccum mediterraneum'' *''Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum'' *''Neofusicoccum occulatum'' *''Neofusicoccum parvum'' *''Neofusicoccum pennatisporum'' *''Neofusicoccum protearum'' *''Neofusicoccum ribis'' *''Neofusicoccum umdonicola'' *''Neofusicoccum viticlavatum'' *''Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme'' References External links * Botryosphaeriaceae Dothideomycetes genera {{Dothideomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neofusicoccum Australe
''Neofusicoccum australe'' is a fungus species in the genus ''Neofusicoccum''. It is responsible for a grapevine trunk disease. A 2009 survey of endophytic fungi on woody species at two tuart woodlands of Southwest Australia (ecoregion), sampling acacia '' Acacia cochlearis'', '' A. rostellifera'', the sheoak ''Allocasuarina fraseriana'', peppermint ''Agonis flexuosa'', ''Banksia grandis'', ''Eucalyptus marginata'', sandalwood ''Santalum acuminatum'' and nominate species ''Corymbia calophylla'' (tuart), found around three quarters of isolates were taxa of the family Botryosphaeriaceae The Botryosphaeriaceae are a family of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), which is the type representative of the order Botryosphaeriales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 26 genera and over 1500 species. Members of this order include not ..., eighty percent of which was this species. References External links * * Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi described in 2004 Grapevine trunk di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae
''Lasiodiplodia theobromae'' is a plant pathogen with a very wide host range. It causes rotting and dieback in most species it infects. It is a common post harvest fungus disease of citrus known as stem-end rot. It is a cause of bot canker of grapevine.Identification and Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia seriata, the Causal Agents of Bot Canker Disease of Grapevines in Mexico. J. R. Úrbez-Torres, G. M. Leavitt, J. C. Guerrero, J. Guevara and W. D. Gubler, Plant Disease, April 2008, Volume 92, Number 4, pages 519-529, It also infects '' Biancaea sappan'', a species of flowering tree also known as Sappanwood. On rare occasions it has been found to cause fungal keratitis, lesions on nail and subcutaneous tissue. It has been implicated in the widespread mortality of baobab (''Adansonia digitata'') trees in Southern Africa. A preliminary study found the deaths to have a complex set of causes requiring detailed research. Host and symptoms ''L. theobromae'' ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fomitiporia Mediterranea
''Fomitiporia mediterranea'' is a fungus species in the genus '' Fomitiporia'' associated with esca of grapevine.A new wood-decaying basidiomycete species associated with esca of grapevine. : Fomitiporia mediterranea (Hymenochaetales). Michael Fischer, Mycological Progress, 2002, Volume 1, Issue 3, pages 315-324, References External links * * Hymenochaetaceae Fungi described in 2002 Grapevine trunk diseases {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutypa Lata
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot occurs wherever grapes are grown. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is more severe in grape-growing regions characterized by a humid temperate climate through the growing season. Crop losses up to 30% have been reported to be caused by Phomopsis cane and leaf spot.Úrbez-Torres, J. R., Peduto, F., Smith, R. J., and Gubler, W. D. 2013. Phomopsis dieback: A grapevine trunk disease caused by Phomopsis viticola in California. Plant Dis. 97:1571-1579. Hosts and symptoms Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is a disease that causes symptoms in the common grapevine species, ''vitis vinifera'', in many regions of the world. This disease is mainly caused by the fungal pathogen, ''Phomopsis viticola'', and is known to affect many cultivars of table grapes, such as Thompson Seedless, Red Globe, and Flame Seedless. Also in vines of oenological interest, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Syrah, Barbera, Chardonnay and Merlot. Spots or lesions on shoots and leaves are commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dothiorella Iberica
''Dothiorella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. There are 3 subgenera and approximately 322 species. Species *''Dothiorella aberrans'' *''Dothiorella acaciae'' *''Dothiorella aceris'' *''Dothiorella acervulata'' *''Dothiorella adanensis'' *''Dothiorella advena'' *''Dothiorella aesculi'' *''Dothiorella agavicola'' *''Dothiorella ailanthina'' *''Dothiorella alchorneae'' *''Dothiorella alfaedensis'' *''Dothiorella alhagi'' *''Dothiorella allescheri'' *''Dothiorella amsoniae'' *''Dothiorella amygdali'' *''Dothiorella annonae'' *''Dothiorella apocyni'' *''Dothiorella aquilegiae'' *''Dothiorella arachidis'' *''Dothiorella araucariae'' *''Dothiorella argyreiae'' *''Dothiorella armeniaca'' *''Dothiorella aromatica'' *''Dothiorella arundinacea'' *''Dothiorella asiminae'' *''Dothiorella asparagi'' *''Dothiorella aterrima'' *''Dothiorella aucubae'' *''Dothiorella banksiae'' *''Dothiorella barringtoniae'' *''Dothiorella berengeriana'' *''Dothiorella betulae'' *''Dothior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8-hydroxyquinoline
8-Hydroxyquinoline (also known as oxine) is a chelating agent which has been used for the quantitative determination of metal ions. In aqueous solution 8-hydroxyquinoline has a pKa value of ca. 9.9 It reacts with metal ions, losing the proton and forming 8-hydroxyquinolinato-chelate complexes. The aluminium complex is a common component of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Variations in the substituents on the quinoline rings affect its luminescence properties. In the photochemically induced excited-state zwitterionic isomers are formed in which the hydrogen atom is transferred from oxygen to nitrogen. The complexes as well as the heterocycle itself exhibit antiseptic, disinfectant, and pesticide properties, functioning as a transcription inhibitor. Its solution in alcohol is used in liquid bandages. It once was of interest as an anti-cancer drug. A thiol analogue, 8-mercaptoquinoline is also known. The roots of the invasive plant ''Centaurea diffusa'' release 8-hydr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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