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Grammitid
Grammitidoideae is a subfamily of the fern family Polypodiaceae, whose members are informally known as grammitids. It comprises a clade of about 750 species. They are distributed over higher elevations in both the Old and New World. This group was previously treated as a separate family, Grammitidaceae until molecular phylogenies showed it to be nested within the Polypodiaceae. It has since been treated as an unranked clade within subfamily Polypodioideae (renamed tribe Polypodieae in one classification), and, most recently, as a separate subfamily (reducing Polypodioideae to an evolutionary grade). Circumscription In 2011, Christenhusz ''et al.'' placed the grammitid ferns in the subfamily Polypodioideae, within the Polypodiaceae, as an informal group without rank. In 2014, Christenhusz and Chase expanded the circumscription of both family and subfamily, placing the Polypodioideae as previously delimited, including grammitids, in tribe Polypodieae. The PPG I classification of 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammitis
''Grammitis'' (dwarf polypody) is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It had formerly been placed in the family Grammitidaceae, but this family is no longer recognized by most authors because phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences have shown that it is embedded in Polypodiaceae.Harald Schneider, Hans-Peter Krier, Rosemary Wilson, and Alan R. Smith. 2006. "The Synammia Enigma: Evidence for a Temperate Lineage of Polygrammoid Ferns (Polypodiaceae, Polypodiidae) in Southern South America". ''Systematic Botany'' 31(1):31-41. The delimitation of ''Grammitis'' was drastically narrowed in the first decade of the 21st century. It now contains about 25 species. In 2003, a study of the distribution of grammitid ferns placed 11 species in the New World, 7 in Africa, and 4 in the Pacific.Barbara S. Parris. 2003. "The distribution of Grammitidaceae (Filicales) inside an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader circumscription has also been used, in which the family includes other families kept separate in PPG I. Nearly all species are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial. Description Stems of Polypodiaceae range from erect to long-creeping. The fronds are entire, pinnatifid, or variously forked or pinnate. The petioles lack stipules. The scaly rhizomes are generally creeping in nature. Polypodiaceae species are found in wet climates, most commonly in rain forests. In temperate zones, most species tend to be epiphytic or epipetric. Notable examples of ferns in this family include the resurrection fern (''Pleopeltis polypodioides'') and the golden serpent fern (''Phlebodium aureum''). Taxonomy Two distinct circumscriptions of the family are in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lellingeria
''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. 2009. "New genera of Malesian Grammitidaceae". ''Blumea'' 54(1-3):217-219. They are native to tropical areas of Madagascar, Africa, the Americas, and Pacific Islands. None are known in cultivation. ''Lellingeria'' was named for the American pteridologist David Lellinger.Alan R. Smith, Robbin C. Moran, and L. Earl Bishop. 1991. "''Lellingeria'', a new genus of Grammitidaceae". ''American Fern Journal'' 81(3):76-88. Description Mostly epiphytes. Rhizome radially symmetrical or dorsiventral, with clathrate, usually blackish scales that are attached across their entire base. Petiole absent or much shorter than the lamina. Sterile portion of frond shallowly to deeply pinnately divided. Fertile portion entire to deeply pinnately divided. (A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucotrichum
''Leucotrichum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is one of about 26 genera of "grammitids".Michael A. Sundue, Melissa B. Islam, and Tom A. Ranker. 2010. "Systematics of Grammitid Ferns (Polypodiaceae): Using Morphology and Plastid Sequence Data to Resolve the Circumscriptions of Melpomene and the Polyphyletic Genera Lellingeria and Terpsichore" ''Systematic Botany'' 35(4):701-715(15). (See ''External links'' below). The name of the genus refers to the white hairs that are usually present on the underside of the frond.Paulo H. Labiak, Germinal Rouhan, and Michael A. Sundue. 2010. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of ''Leucotrichum'' (Polypodiaceae): A new genus of grammitid ferns from the Neotropics". ''Taxon'' 59(3):911-921. Taxonomy ''Leucotrichum'' was established in 2010 and has about six currently recognized species. The type species for the genus is ''Leuco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodioideae
Polypodioideae is a subfamily belonging to the fern family Polypodiaceae, which is a member of the suborder Polypodiineae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the subfamily may be treated as the tribe Polypodieae within a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato''. Taxonomy Two very different circumscriptions of the subfamily were in use . In the first, such as the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) used here, the subfamily Polypodioideae is one of a number of subfamilies of the family Polypodiaceae which is part of the suborder Polypodiineae. In the second, the whole of the suborder is placed in a very broadly defined Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato'', in which the subfamily Polypodioideae ''sensu lato'' is equivalent to the family Polypodiaceae and the tribe Polypodieae to the subfamily Polypodioideae. The equivalence is shown in the following table. History Mabberley, in 2008, defined this s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adenophorus
''Adenophorus'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is endemic to Hawaii.Ranker, T. A. (1992). ''Adenophorus'' x ''carsonii'' hyb. nov. (Grammitidaceae): A new endemic hybrid from the island of Hawaii. ''Novon'' 2:4 408-10.Ranker, T. A., et al. (2003)Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the endemic Hawaiian genus ''Adenophorus'' (Grammitidaceae). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 26 337-47. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species and hybrids: * ''Adenophorus'' × ''abbottiae'' W.H.Wagner *''Adenophorus abietinus'' (D.C.Eaton) K.A.Wilson * ''Adenophorus'' × ''carsonii'' Ranker *''Adenophorus epigaeus'' (L.E.Bishop) W.H.Wagner *''Adenophorus haalilioanus'' (Brack.) K.A.Wilson *''Adenophorus hymenophylloides'' (Kaulf.) Hook. & Grev. *''Adenophorus oahuensis'' (Copel.) L.E.Bishop *''Ade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dasygrammitis
''Dasygrammitis'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is known from Sri Lanka through southeast Asia and the Philippines to Polynesia. Description The rhizomes are radially symmetric (without distinct upper and lower surfaces) and bear whorls of stipes, which lack a joint at the point of attachment. The rhizome scales are red-brown, of uniform color, and usually glossy. They have unbranched, red-brown hairs on their edges. Hairs, where present, are unbranched and branched, and brown in color. The leaf blades are usually pinnate in cutting, rarely pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, bearing free veins which lack hydathodes at their terminus. Sori are borne in two rows beneath pinnae or lobes. The sori are circular to elliptic in shape; the sporangia either lack hairs or have one to two red-brown hairs. Taxonomy The genus was first described by Barbara Parris in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterosora
''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recent sources include in ''Enterosora''. , many do not have formally published names in ''Enterosora'' and are retained here in ''Zygophlebia''. Taxonomy The genus ''Enterosora'' was created by John Gilbert Baker in 1886 with the type species '' Enterosora campbellii''. The genus ''Zygophlebia'' was created by L. Earl Bishop in 1989 with the type species '' Zygophlebia sectifrons'', formerly placed in ''Polypodium''. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that ''Enterosora'' is nested within ''Zygophlebia'', which could be resolved by synonymizing ''Zygophlebia'' with ''Enterosora''. In 2016, the authors of the PPG I classification considered merging the genera to be premature. A further study was published in 2019. This showed that ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calymmodon
''Calymmodon'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Its known range is Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malesia, Australia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species and hybrids: *'' Calymmodon acrosoroides'' Parris *'' Calymmodon acutangularis'' Parris *'' Calymmodon asiaticus'' Copel. *'' Calymmodon atrichus'' Copel. *'' Calymmodon binaiyensis'' Parris *'' Calymmodon borneensis'' Parris *'' Calymmodon clavifer'' (Hook.) T.Moore *'' Calymmodon concinnus'' Parris *'' Calymmodon conduplicatus'' (Brause) Copel. *'' Calymmodon congestus'' Copel. *'' Calymmodon coriaceus'' Parris *''Calymmodon cucullatus ''Calymmodon cucullatus'' is a species of grammitid fern. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ctenopterella
''Ctenopterella'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is known from Africa through southeast Asia and Oceania to Polynesia. Description The rhizomes are dorsiventral (having upper and lower surfaces clearly distinct in appearance), and bear two rows of stipes, which sometimes have distinct joints where they attach. Distinct phyllopodia are present in some below the joint. The rhizome scales are brown, glabrous, and dull to glossy. Hairs, where present, are unbranched and branched, from whitish to brown in color. The leaf blades range from pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatifid in cutting, bearing free veins which usually end in hydathodes on the upper surface of the leaf. Sori are borne beneath pinnae or lobes, sometimes slightly sunken into the leaf tissue, usually in two rows but rarely in one. The sori are circular to elliptic in shape; the sporangia lack h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceradenia
''Ceradenia'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relation ... classification of 2016 (PPG I). Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *'' Ceradenia albidula'' (Baker) L.E.Bishop *'' Ceradenia alboglandulosa'' (Bonap.) Parris *'' Ceradenia argyrata'' (Bory ex Willd.) Parris *'' Ceradenia arthrothrix'' L.E.Bishop & A.R.Sm. *'' Ceradenia asthenophylla'' L.E.Bishop ex A.R.Sm. *'' Ceradenia aulaeifolia'' L.E.Bishop ex A.R.Sm. *'' Ceradenia auroseiomena'' L.E.Bishop *'' Ceradenia ayopayana'' M.Kessler & A.R.Sm. *'' Ceradenia bishopii'' (Stolze) A.R.Sm. *'' Ceradenia brunneoviridis'' (Baker ex Jenman) L. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archigrammitis
''Archigrammitis'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is known from Malesia and Polynesia. Description The rhizomes are dorsiventral (having distinct upper and lower surfaces) with stipes closely spaced attached in two rows. The stipes are jointed and have phyllopodia at the base. The rhizome scales have hairy edges, and are of uniform color and usually glossy. The leaf blades are undivided, usually bearing branched veins and more than one row of sori on either side of the costa. They always have unbranched hairs, while many species have branched hairs with a single gland at the apex. Some species have hydathodes, some of which are cretaceous (leaving a lime deposit on the leaf around them). The sporangia bear one to two (occasionally as many as six) stiff, simple straight hairs without glands at the tip of the sporangium. Parris observed that the genu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
