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Gothic Name
The Onomastics of the Gothic language (Gothic personal names) are an important source not only for the history of the Goths themselves, but for Germanic onomastics in general and the linguistic and cultural history of the Germanic Heroic Age of c. the 3rd to 6th centuries. Gothic names can be found in Roman records as far back as the 4th century AD. After the Muslim invasion of Hispania and the fall of the Visigothic kingdom in the early 8th century, the Gothic tradition was largely interrupted, although Gothic or pseudo-Gothic names continued to be given in the Kingdom of Asturias in the 9th and 10th centuries. History The names of the Goths themselves have been traced to their 3rd century settlement in Scythia. The names Tervingi and Greuthungi have been interpreted as meaning "forest-dwellers" and "steppe-dwellers", respectively. Later on, the terms Ostrogothi and Visigothi have also been understood to mean "Eastern Goths" and "Western Goths", although all four etymologie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onomastics
Onomastics (or, in older texts, onomatology) is the study of the etymology, history, and use of proper names. An ''orthonym'' is the proper name of the object in question, the object of onomastic study. Onomastics can be helpful in data mining, with applications such as named-entity recognition, or recognition of the origin of names. It is a popular approach in historical research, where it can be used to identify ethnic minorities within wider populations and for the purpose of prosopography. Etymology ''Onomastics'' originates from the Greek ''onomastikós'' ( grc, ὀνομαστικός, , of or belonging to naming, label=none), itself derived from ''ónoma'' ( grc, ὄνομα, , name, label=none). Branches * Toponymy (or toponomastics), one of the principal branches of onomastics, is the study of place names. * Anthroponomastics is the study of personal names. * Literary onomastics is the branch that researches the names in works of literature and other fiction. * Soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amali Dynasty
The Amali – also called Amals, Amalings or Amalungs – were a leading dynasty of the Goths, a Germanic people who confronted the Roman Empire during the decline of the Western Roman Empire. They eventually became the royal house of the Ostrogoths and founded the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy. Origin The Amal clan was claimed to have descended from the divine. Jordanes writes: Now the first of these heroes, as they themselves relate in their legends, was Gapt, who begat Hulmul. And Hulmul begat Augis; and Augis begat him who was called Amal, from whom the name of the Amali comes. Athal begat Achiulf and Oduulf. Now Achiulf begat Ansila and Ediulf, Vultuulf and Ermanaric. This provides the following stemma for the earliest rulers of the Goths, before outlining in more detail the two divisions that arose from the son, Achiulf of Athal, the last in this early lineage : Gapt or Gaut is the Scandinavian god of war. Hulmul or Humli-Hulmul, is considered the divine father of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reiks
Reiks (; pronunciation ; Latinized as ''rix'') is a Gothic title for a tribal ruler, often translated as "king". In the Gothic Bible, it translates to the Greek '' árchōn'' (ἄρχων). It is presumably translated as '' basiliskos'' (βασιλίσκος "petty king") in the ''Passio'' of Sabbas the Goth. The Gothic Thervingi were divided into subdivisions of territory and people called ''kunja'' (singular '' kuni'', cognate with English ), led by a ''reiks''. In times of a common threat, one of the reiks would be selected as a ''kindins'', or head of the empire (translated as "judge", Latin ''iudex'', Greek δικαστής). Herwig Wolfram suggested the position was different from the Roman definition of a '' rex'' ("king") and is better described as that of a tribal chief (see Germanic king). A reiks had a lower order of ''optimates'' or ''megistanes'' (μεγιστάνες, presumably translating ''mahteigs'') beneath him on whom he could call on for support.Béla K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athalaric
Athalaric (; 5162 October 534) was the king of the Ostrogoths in Italy between 526 and 534. He was a son of Eutharic and Amalasuntha, the youngest daughter of Theoderic the Great, whom Athalaric succeeded as king in 526. As Athalaric was only ten years old, the regency was assumed by his mother, Amalasuntha. His mother attempted to provide for him an education in the Roman tradition, but the Gothic nobles pressured her to allow them to raise him as they saw fit. As a result, Athalaric drank heavily and indulged in vicious excesses, which ruined his constitution. References Sources * Further reading Letters of Cassiodorus, Book VIIIfrom Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a Virtual volunteering, volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks." It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the ... Procopius 'Wars' Book V trans. H. P. Dewing * Peter Heather, ''The Goths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aoric
Aoric (Latinized ''Aoricus'') was a Thervingian Gothic king (''reiks'' and ''kindins'') who lived in the 4th century. Aoric was son of Ariaric and father of Athanaric, he was raised in Constantinople, where a statue was erected in his honour. He was recorded by Auxentius of Durostorum leading a persecution of Gothic Christians in 347/348. Herwig Wolfram noted that "alliteration, variation, and rhythm in the line of names Athanaric, Aoric, Ariaric resemble the 'ideal type' of Hadubrand, Hildebrand, Heribrand". He considered the similarities and comparison suggested that all three kings were members of the Balti dynasty Balti may refer to: Places * Bălți, a city in Moldova * Bălți County (Moldova), a former county of Moldova * Bălți County (Romania), a former county of Romania * Balti Power Plant, one of two Narva Power Plants in Estonia * Bălți Steppe, .... References {{reflist Gothic kings Balt dynasty 4th-century monarchs in Europe 4th-century Gothic people [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balti Dynasty
Balti may refer to: Places * Bălți, a city in Moldova * Bălți County (Moldova), a former county of Moldova * Bălți County (Romania), a former county of Romania * Balti Power Plant, one of two Narva Power Plants in Estonia * Bălți Steppe, a grassland in northern Moldova * Balti Triangle, an area of Birmingham, England * Balti jaam (''Baltic station''), Tallinn railway station People * ''Balti'', Latin for the Balts * Bianca Balti, an Italian model *Balti (singer) (born 1980), Tunisian singer, rapper, composer and music producer Other uses * Balti (food), a northern Pakistan-style food believed to originate from the UK * Balti dynasty, a branch of the ancient Visigoths * Balti language spoken in Baltistan and Ladakh in Kashmir * Balti people, an ethnic group of Tibetan origin in Baltistan See also * Baltistan, a mountainous region in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan-administered Kashmir *Baltic (other) Baltic may refer to: Peoples and languages * Baltic languages, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ariaric
Ariaric also known as Ariacus was a 4th-century Thervingian Gothic pagan ruler (''reiks'', ''kindins'') He was succeeded by Geberic. In 328, Constantine the Great constructed a bridge across the Danube and built fortifications in the territory of Oltenia and Wallachia. This caused a migration of the Thervingi and Taifali to the west into Tisza Sarmatian controlled areas. The Sarmatians joined forces with Constantine, who appointed his son Constantine II to campaign against the Goths in late winter 332, reportedly resulting in the deaths of approximately one hundred thousand people due to the weather and lack of food. Ariaric was forced to sign a treaty or ''foedus'' with Constantine in 332. Yet some scholars dispute that this treaty was a ''foedus'', but more like an act of submission. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septimania
Septimania (french: Septimanie ; oc, Septimània ) is a historical region in modern-day Southern France. It referred to the western part of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed to the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. The region was also variously known as Gallia, Arbuna or Narbonensis. The territory of Septimania roughly corresponds with the modern French former administrative region of Languedoc-Roussillon that merged into the new administrative region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie. Septimania was conquered by the Muslims in the 8th century, when it was known as Arbuna and was made part of Al-Andalus. It passed briefly to the Emirate of Córdoba, which had been expanding from the south during the eighth century, before its subsequent conquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia or the Gothic March (''Marca Gothica''). Septimania became a March (territorial ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso I Of Asturias
Alfonso I of Asturias, called the Catholic (''el Católico''), (c. 693 – 757) was the third King of Asturias, reigning from 739 to his death in 757. His reign saw an extension of the Christian domain of Asturias, reconquering Galicia and León. He succeeded his brother-in-law Favila, and was succeeded by his son, Fruela I. Alfonso's illegitimate son, Mauregatus, also became king, and his daughter Adosinda was consort to king Silo of Asturias. The dynasty started by Alfonso was known in contemporary Al-Andalus as the ''Astur-Leonese dynasty''. Biography As the son of Duke Peter of Cantabria, Alfonso held many lands in that region. He is said to have married Ermesinda, daughter of Pelagius, who founded Asturias after the Battle of Covadonga in which he reversed the Moorish conquest of the region. He succeeded Pelagius' son, his brother-in-law, Favila, on the throne after the latter's premature death. Whether Pelagius or Favila were ever considered kings in their own lif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconquista
The ' (Spanish, Portuguese and Galician for "reconquest") is a historiographical construction describing the 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada in 1492, in which the Christian kingdoms expanded through war and conquered al-Andalus; the territories of Iberia ruled by Muslims. The beginning of the ''Reconquista'' is traditionally marked with the Battle of Covadonga (718 or 722), the first known victory by Christian military forces in Hispania since the 711 military invasion which was undertaken by combined Arab- Berber forces. The rebels who were led by Pelagius defeated a Muslim army in the mountains of northern Hispania and established the independent Christian Kingdom of Asturias. In the late 10th century, the Umayyad vizier Almanzor waged military campaigns for 30 years to subjugate the northern Christian kingdoms. His armies ravaged the north, even s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gothic Persecution Of Christians
There is a record of Gothic persecution of Christians in the third century. According to Basil of Caesarea, some prisoners taken captive in a Gothic raid on Cappadocia around 260 preached the gospel to their captors and were martyred. One of their names was Eutychus. Bishop Dionysius of Caesarea sent messengers to the Goths to ransom captives and there was still a written record of these attempts in Basil's time. History Two main outbreaks of persecution of Christians by the 4th-century Gothic authorities are recorded, in 347/8 under Aoric (according to Auxentius of Durostorum) and between 367 and 378 under Aoric's son, the ''iudex'' (''kindins'') Athanaric. The persecution of Christians under Athanaric shows that Christians were still a minority among the Tervingi in the 370s, but that they had become numerous enough to be considered a threat to Gothic culture. It is remarkable that Athanaric did not persecute Christians in general, but specifically converted ''Goths'', while Chri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valamir
Valamir or Valamer (c. 420 – 469) was an Ostrogothic king in the former Roman province of Pannonia from AD 447 until his death. During his reign, he fought alongside the Huns against the Roman Empire and then, after Attila the Hun's death, fought against the Huns to consolidate his independent control over a large group of Goths.Heather, Peter. The fall of the Roman Empire. A new history. Paperback 2006, Pan Books, . Hardback London, Macmillan, 2005. . pp 356–357. Valamir was the son of Vandalarius and cousin to king Thorismund. An important and trusted vassal of Attila the Hun, Valamir participated in Attila's raids of the provinces of the Danube (447), and commanded an Ostrogothic contingent of Attila's force at the Battle of Chalons. After Attila's death (453), Valamir, by force and diplomacy, became the leader of the large grouping of Goths who were settled by the Emperor Marcian in Pannonia. In the subsequent fight for independence from the Huns from 456 to 457, Valami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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