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Golshanichthys Asiatica
''Golshanichthys'' is an extinct monospecific genus of dunkleosteid from the Late Devonian: Frasnian stage from Kerman, Iran. Phylogeny ''Golshanichthys'' belongs to the family Dunkleosteidae, closely related to the giant ''Dunkleosteus''. The phylogeny of ''Golshanichthys'' can be shown in the cladogram below: Alternatively, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, leaving the status of Dunkleosteidae Dunkleosteidae is an extinct family of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. The gigantic apex predator ''Dunkleosteus terrelli'' is the best known member of this group. Phylogeny While members of Dunkleosteidae were prev ... as a clade grouping separate from Dunkleosteoidea in doubt, as shown in the cladogram below: References Arthrodires Placoderms of Asia {{placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the Age of Fishes. The placoderms began dominating al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panxiosteidae
Panxiosteidae is an extinct family of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. Phylogeny The family Panxiosteidae was erected by Wang in 1979. Members of the family are noted for showing morphologically intermediate traits between coccosteids and dunkleosteids. In the 2010 Carr & Hlavin phylogenetic study, Panxiosteidae was recognized as the sister taxon to the family Dunkleosteidae, which together comprised the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea (one of the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). The phylogeny of Panxiosteidae from the 2013 Zhu & Zhu study is shown in the cladogram below: However, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, instead within Coccosteomorphi and then Coccosteoidea as the sister group of Coccosteidae Coccosteidae is a family of arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, North Ame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterosteus Ingens
''Heterosteus'' (also known as ''Heterostius'') is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in Europe and Greenland. Name ''Heterosteus'' was originally described in 1837 as species of '' Trionyx'', a softshelled turtle. Also in later studies it was often misidentified and given names like ''Ichthyosauroides'', '' Asterolepis asmussi'' and ''Chelonichthys asmusii''. Even in recent studies, it is controversial as to whether to use genus name ''Heterosteus'' or ''Heterostius''. According to International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, suffix ‘-ostius’ in scientific name should not be corrected as ‘-osteus’, so some study uses genus name ''Heterostius''. Description This genus includes the largest species in the family, and are among the largest arthrodires, as well, with the type species, ''H. asmussi'', having an estimated body length of up to . The genus differs from ''Herasmius'' by having the orbits on slight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterostiidae
Heterosteidae (also known as Heterostiidae) is an extinct family of moderately large to giant, flattened, benthic arthrodire placoderms with distinctive, flattened, triangular skulls that are extremely broad posteriorly, but become very narrow anteriorly. Heterosteidae belongs to the superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ... Dunkleosteoidea, a relative of the giant '' Dunkleosteus'', as shown in the cladogram below: Genera '' Herasmius'' Orvig, 1969 '' Heterosteus'' Asmuss, 1856 '' Yinostius'' J. Wang & N. Wang, 1984 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15259423 Arthrodires Placoderm families Early Devonian first appearances Middle Devonian extinctions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal morphology (or anatomy). This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of gross structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Friedrich Burdach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteus Raveri
''Dunkleosteus'' is an extinct genus of large armored, jawed fishes that existed during the Late Devonian period, about 382–358 million years ago. It consists of ten species, some of which are among the largest placoderms to have ever lived: ''D. terrelli'', ''D. belgicus'', ''D. denisoni'', ''D. marsaisi'', ''D. magnificus'', ''D. missouriensis'', ''D. newberryi'', ''D. amblyodoratus'', and ''D. raveri''. The largest and most well known species is ''D. terrelli'', which grew up to long and in weight. ''Dunkleosteus'' could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and had a bite force of at the tip and at the blade edge. Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco. Etymology ''Dunkleosteus'' was named in 1956 to honour David Dunkle (1911–1982), former curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The genus name ''Dunkleosteus'' combines David Dunkle's sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteus Terrelli
''Dunkleosteus'' is an extinct genus of large armored, jawed fishes that existed during the Late Devonian period, about 382–358 million years ago. It consists of ten species, some of which are among the largest placoderms to have ever lived: ''D. terrelli'', ''D. belgicus'', ''D. denisoni'', ''D. marsaisi'', ''D. magnificus'', ''D. missouriensis'', ''D. newberryi'', ''D. amblyodoratus'', and ''D. raveri''. The largest and most well known species is ''D. terrelli'', which grew up to long and in weight. ''Dunkleosteus'' could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and had a bite force of at the tip and at the blade edge. Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco. Etymology ''Dunkleosteus'' was named in 1956 to honour David Dunkle (1911–1982), former curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The genus name ''Dunkleosteus'' combines David Dunkle's sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteus Amblyodoratus
''Dunkleosteus'' is an extinct genus of large armored, jawed fishes that existed during the Late Devonian period, about 382–358 million years ago. It consists of ten species, some of which are among the largest placoderms to have ever lived: ''D. terrelli'', ''D. belgicus'', ''D. denisoni'', ''D. marsaisi'', ''D. magnificus'', ''D. missouriensis'', ''D. newberryi'', ''D. amblyodoratus'', and ''D. raveri''. The largest and most well known species is ''D. terrelli'', which grew up to long and in weight. ''Dunkleosteus'' could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and had a bite force of at the tip and at the blade edge. Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco. Etymology ''Dunkleosteus'' was named in 1956 to honour David Dunkle (1911–1982), former curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The genus name ''Dunkleosteus'' combines David Dunkle's sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiangyousteus Yohii
''Kiangyousteus'' is an extinct monotypic genus of dunkleosteid from the Middle Devonian: Givetian aged Guanwu Formation in the Sichuan province of south-western China. The type species, ''Kiangyousteus yohii'', was the first known arthrodire from Asia. Etymology ''Kiangyousteus'' is named after Jiangyou (formerly ‘Kiangyou’) district of Sichuan Province, the location where the fossils were found in 1953 by Professor S. H. Yoh of Peking University. Phylogeny ''Kiangyousteus'' belongs to the family Dunkleosteidae. The phylogeny of ''Kiangyousteus'' can be shown in the cladogram below: Alternatively, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, leaving the status of Dunkleosteidae Dunkleosteidae is an extinct family of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. The gigantic apex predator ''Dunkleosteus terrelli'' is the best known member of this group. Phylogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastmanosteus Pustulosus
''Eastmanosteus'' ("Eastman's bone") is a fossil genus of dunkleosteid placoderms. It was closely related to the giant ''Dunkleosteus'', but differed from that genus in size, in possessing a distinctive tuberculated bone ornament, a differently shaped nuchal plate and a more zig-zagging course of the sutures of the skull roof.http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200812/W020090813371138329343.pdf Species of ''Eastmanosteus'' had powerful jaws with sharp cutting edges and were likely active predators. Fossils have been found in many parts of the world in marine sediments dating from the Middle to Late Devonian. They were medium-to-large fish, with specimens ''E. pustulosus'' and ''E. licharevi'' approaching a total length of 3 metres. Complete exoskeletons with soft-tissue traces of ''E. calliaspis'' from Australia make this one of the best known dunkleosteids. Phylogeny ''Eastmanosteus'' and its relative ''Dunkleosteus'' belong to the family Dunkleosteidae. The phylogeny of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiangshuiosteus Wui
''Xiangshuiosteus wui'' is an extinct monospecific genus of brachythoracid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Emsian stage of the Early Devonian epoch, discovered in Wuding County of Yunnan province, China. It has recently been reassessed as a dunkleosteid. Etymology The generic name literally translates as "(Pinyin:Xiāngshuǐ) + bone," but actually refers to Xiangshui Valley,Not to be confused with Xiangshui County ()(Pinyin:Xiǎng shuǐ) in Jiangsu province the district in Wuding County where the holotype was found. The specific name honors Wu Baosheng, the gentleman who provided the holotype to Wang Junqing, the species' describer. Specimen and taxonomy ''X. wui'' is known from a flattened, "Buddhist cap" shaped skull roof. The skull roof is strongly reminiscent of those of coccosteids, but also has anatomical features otherwise diagnostic of buchanosteids. This mix of anatomy lead its describer, Wang Junqing, to suggest that ''X. wui'' is the sister taxon of Coccosteid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastmanosteus Calliaspis
''Eastmanosteus'' ("Eastman's bone") is a fossil genus of dunkleosteid placoderms. It was closely related to the giant ''Dunkleosteus'', but differed from that genus in size, in possessing a distinctive tuberculated bone ornament, a differently shaped nuchal plate and a more zig-zagging course of the sutures of the skull roof.http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200812/W020090813371138329343.pdf Species of ''Eastmanosteus'' had powerful jaws with sharp cutting edges and were likely active predators. Fossils have been found in many parts of the world in marine sediments dating from the Middle to Late Devonian. They were medium-to-large fish, with specimens ''E. pustulosus'' and ''E. licharevi'' approaching a total length of 3 metres. Complete exoskeletons with soft-tissue traces of ''E. calliaspis'' from Australia make this one of the best known dunkleosteids. Phylogeny ''Eastmanosteus'' and its relative ''Dunkleosteus'' belong to the family Dunkleosteidae. The phylogeny of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
