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Eastmanosteus Calliaspis
''Eastmanosteus'' ("Eastman's bone") is a fossil genus of dunkleosteid placoderms. It was closely related to the giant ''Dunkleosteus'', but differed from that genus in size, in possessing a distinctive tuberculated bone ornament, a differently shaped nuchal plate and a more zig-zagging course of the sutures of the skull roof.http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200812/W020090813371138329343.pdf Species of ''Eastmanosteus'' had powerful jaws with sharp cutting edges and were likely active predators. Fossils have been found in many parts of the world in marine sediments dating from the Middle to Late Devonian. They were medium-to-large fish, with specimens ''E. pustulosus'' and ''E. licharevi'' approaching a total length of 3 metres. Complete exoskeletons with soft-tissue traces of ''E. calliaspis'' from Australia make this one of the best known dunkleosteids. Phylogeny ''Eastmanosteus'' and its relative ''Dunkleosteus'' belong to the family Dunkleosteidae. The phylogeny of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Museum Of Natural History
The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. In Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 26 interconnected buildings housing 45 permanent exhibition halls, in addition to a planetarium and a library. The museum collections contain over 34 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, and human cultural artifacts, as well as specialized collections for frozen tissue and genomic and astrophysical data, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time. The museum occupies more than . AMNH has a full-time scientific staff of 225, sponsors over 120 special field expeditions each year, and averages about five million visits annually. The AMNH is a private 501(c)(3) organization. Its mission statement is: "To discover, interpret, and disseminate—through scientific research and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janiosteus Timanicus
''Janiosteus'' is an extinct monospecific genus of placoderm arthrodire from the Middle Devonian: Late Givetian stage found in Timan, Russia. Phylogeny ''Janiosteus'' is a member of Panxiosteidae. In the 2010 Carr & Hlavin phylogenetic study, Panxiosteidae was recognized as the sister taxon to the family Dunkleosteidae, which together comprised the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea (one of the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). The phylogeny of ''Janiosteus'' within Panxiosteidae is shown in the cladogram below from the 2013 Zhu & Zhu study: However, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, instead within Coccosteomorphi and then Coccosteoidea as the sister group of Coccosteidae Coccosteidae is a family of arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, North America and China. Phylogeny Coccosteidae belongs to the larger clade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gogo Formation
The Gogo Formation in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is a Lagerstätte that exhibits exceptional preservation of a Devonian reef community. The formation is named after Gogo Station, a cattle station where outcrops appear and fossils are often collected from, as is nearby Fossil Downs Station. History The reef, which now stands up abruptly in the western Australian desert (as the Windjana Limestone), was first identified in 1940 by paleontologist Curt Teichert, who discovered the first fossil fish from the region. Sedimentology Unweathered sections of the Gogo Formation are made of siltstone, shale and calcarenite with numerous limestone concretions. These concretions are resistant to weathering, producing extensive nodule fields on the ground in areas where the surrounding rock has eroded away. The Gogo sediments represent deep, hypoxic seafloor deposits in the vicinity of a large tropical reef composed primarily of algae and stromatoporoids during the Fras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage. Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western Canada and Australia. On land, the first forests were taking shape. In North America, the Antler orogeny peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the Variscan orogeny in Europe. The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires. North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include * West Falls Group * Sonyea Group * Genesee Group Name and definition The Frasnian Stage was proposed in 1879 by French geologist Jules Gosselet Jules-Auguste Gosselet (19 April 1832 – 20 March 1916) was a French geologist born in Cambrai, France. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinosteus Major
''Yinostius'' is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in China. Description This genus is known from Emsian-aged specimens from the Wuding region of Yunnan, China. In overall anatomy, it is extremely similar to the European genera, though it differs from them in its slightly smaller size, the shape of its nuchal plate, and in various body proportions. Phylogeny ''Yinostius'' is a member of the family Heterosteidae, which belongs to the superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ... Dunkleosteoidea. It is a relative of the giant '' Dunkleosteus'', as shown in the cladogram below: References Arthrodires Placoderm families Early Devonian first appearances Early Devonian extinctions {{pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterosteus Ingens
''Heterosteus'' (also known as ''Heterostius'') is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in Europe and Greenland. Name ''Heterosteus'' was originally described in 1837 as species of '' Trionyx'', a softshelled turtle. Also in later studies it was often misidentified and given names like ''Ichthyosauroides'', '' Asterolepis asmussi'' and ''Chelonichthys asmusii''. Even in recent studies, it is controversial as to whether to use genus name ''Heterosteus'' or ''Heterostius''. According to International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, suffix ‘-ostius’ in scientific name should not be corrected as ‘-osteus’, so some study uses genus name ''Heterostius''. Description This genus includes the largest species in the family, and are among the largest arthrodires, as well, with the type species, ''H. asmussi'', having an estimated body length of up to . The genus differs from ''Herasmius'' by having the orbits on slight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterostiidae
Heterosteidae (also known as Heterostiidae) is an extinct family of moderately large to giant, flattened, benthic arthrodire placoderms with distinctive, flattened, triangular skulls that are extremely broad posteriorly, but become very narrow anteriorly. Heterosteidae belongs to the superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ... Dunkleosteoidea, a relative of the giant '' Dunkleosteus'', as shown in the cladogram below: Genera '' Herasmius'' Orvig, 1969 '' Heterosteus'' Asmuss, 1856 '' Yinostius'' J. Wang & N. Wang, 1984 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15259423 Arthrodires Placoderm families Early Devonian first appearances Middle Devonian extinctions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal morphology (or anatomy). This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of gross structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Friedrich Burdach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteus Raveri
''Dunkleosteus'' is an extinct genus of large armored, jawed fishes that existed during the Late Devonian period, about 382–358 million years ago. It consists of ten species, some of which are among the largest placoderms to have ever lived: ''D. terrelli'', ''D. belgicus'', ''D. denisoni'', ''D. marsaisi'', ''D. magnificus'', ''D. missouriensis'', ''D. newberryi'', ''D. amblyodoratus'', and ''D. raveri''. The largest and most well known species is ''D. terrelli'', which grew up to long and in weight. ''Dunkleosteus'' could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and had a bite force of at the tip and at the blade edge. Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco. Etymology ''Dunkleosteus'' was named in 1956 to honour David Dunkle (1911–1982), former curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The genus name ''Dunkleosteus'' combines David Dunkle's sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteus Terrelli
''Dunkleosteus'' is an extinct genus of large armored, jawed fishes that existed during the Late Devonian period, about 382–358 million years ago. It consists of ten species, some of which are among the largest placoderms to have ever lived: ''D. terrelli'', ''D. belgicus'', ''D. denisoni'', ''D. marsaisi'', ''D. magnificus'', ''D. missouriensis'', ''D. newberryi'', ''D. amblyodoratus'', and ''D. raveri''. The largest and most well known species is ''D. terrelli'', which grew up to long and in weight. ''Dunkleosteus'' could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and had a bite force of at the tip and at the blade edge. Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco. Etymology ''Dunkleosteus'' was named in 1956 to honour David Dunkle (1911–1982), former curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The genus name ''Dunkleosteus'' combines David Dunkle's sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteus Amblyodoratus
''Dunkleosteus'' is an extinct genus of large armored, jawed fishes that existed during the Late Devonian period, about 382–358 million years ago. It consists of ten species, some of which are among the largest placoderms to have ever lived: ''D. terrelli'', ''D. belgicus'', ''D. denisoni'', ''D. marsaisi'', ''D. magnificus'', ''D. missouriensis'', ''D. newberryi'', ''D. amblyodoratus'', and ''D. raveri''. The largest and most well known species is ''D. terrelli'', which grew up to long and in weight. ''Dunkleosteus'' could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and had a bite force of at the tip and at the blade edge. Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco. Etymology ''Dunkleosteus'' was named in 1956 to honour David Dunkle (1911–1982), former curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The genus name ''Dunkleosteus'' combines David Dunkle's sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golshanichthys Asiatica
''Golshanichthys'' is an extinct monospecific genus of dunkleosteid from the Late Devonian: Frasnian stage from Kerman, Iran. Phylogeny ''Golshanichthys'' belongs to the family Dunkleosteidae, closely related to the giant ''Dunkleosteus''. The phylogeny of ''Golshanichthys'' can be shown in the cladogram below: Alternatively, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, leaving the status of Dunkleosteidae Dunkleosteidae is an extinct family of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. The gigantic apex predator ''Dunkleosteus terrelli'' is the best known member of this group. Phylogeny While members of Dunkleosteidae were prev ... as a clade grouping separate from Dunkleosteoidea in doubt, as shown in the cladogram below: References Arthrodires Placoderms of Asia {{placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
