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Glyceollin III
Glyceollin III is a glyceollin, a type of pterocarpan, found in the soybean (''Glycine max''). It has an antiestrogenic effect. In soil, it has an antifungal activity against ''Aspergillus sojae ''Aspergillus sojae'' is a species of fungus in the genus ''Aspergillus''. In Japan, it is used to make the ferment ( ''kōji'') of soy sauce, miso, mirin, and other lacto-fermented condiments such as ''tsukemono''. Soy sauce condiment is produ ...''.Antifungal Activity of Glyceollins Isolated from Soybean Elicited with Aspergillus sojae. Hyo Jung Kim, Hwa-Jin Suh, Choong Hwan Lee, Jeong Hwan Kim, Sun Chul Kang, Sunmin Park and Jong-Sang Kim, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58 (17), pp. 9483–9487, References Antiestrogens Pterocarpans {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyceollin
Glyceollins are a family of prenylated pterocarpans found in ineffective types of nodule in soybean in response to symbiotic infection. It possesses two chiral centers and can be asymmetrically synthesized chemically at a gram level scale. Molecules found in the family are : * Glyceollin I * Glyceollin II * Glyceollin III * Glyceollin IV Effects They are phytoalexins with an antiestrogenic activity.Glyceollins, a Novel Class of Antiestrogenic Phytoalexins. Syreeta L. Tilghman, Stephen M. Boué and Matthew E. Burow, Mol Cell Pharmacol 2010;2(4), pp. 155-160, Lygin ''et al.'' 2013 finds antifungal activity against ''Phytophthora sojae'' and ''Macrophomina phaseolina'', and Kim ''et al.'' 2010 against ''Aspergillus sojae''. Kaplan ''et al.'' 1980 finds nematicidal activity against ''Meloidogyne incognita''. Parniske ''et al.'' 1991 finds an antibacterial effect. Glyceollin is a vital part of soybean immunity. Metabolism Lygin ''et al.'' 2013 find that daidzein is a precursor. . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterocarpan
Pterocarpans are derivatives of isoflavonoids found in the family Fabaceae. It is a group of compounds which can be described as benzo-pyrano-furano-benzenes (i.e. 6''H''- enzofuro ,2-chromene skeleton) which can be formed by coupling of the B ring to the 4-one position. 2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion in ''Cicer arietinum'' and glyceollin synthase for the production of glyceollins, phytoalexins in soybean. Known compounds * Bitucarpin A and B, isolated from the aerial parts of Mediterranean plants ''Bituminaria morisiana'' and ''Bituminaria bituminosa'' * Erybraedin A and B, isolated from the stems of ''Erythrina subumbrans'' and C, isolated from the leaves of ''Bituminaria morisiana'' * Erythrabyssin II, erystagallin A, erythrabissin-1, and erycristagallin isolated from the stems of ''Erythrina subumbrans'' * Glycinol, glyceollidin I and II, glyceollins (glyceollin I, II, III and IV), found in the soybean (''Glycin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycine Max
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable), with the chemical formula NH2‐ CH2‐ COOH. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). Glycine is integral to the formation of alpha-helices in secondary protein structure due to its compact form. For the same reason, it is the most abundant amino acid in collagen triple-helices. Glycine is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter – interference with its release within the spinal cord (such as during a ''Clostridium tetani'' infection) can cause spastic paralysis due to uninhibited muscle contraction. It is the only achiral proteinogenic amino acid. It can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom. History and etymology Glycine was discovered in 1820 by the French chemist Henri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiestrogenic
Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production., Antiestrogens are one of three types of sex hormone antagonists, the others being antiandrogens and antiprogestogens. Antiestrogens are commonly used to stop steroid hormones, estrogen, from binding to the estrogen receptors leading to the decrease of estrogen levels. Decreased levels of estrogen can lead to complications in sexual development. Antiandrogens are sex hormone antagonists which are able to lower the production and the effects that testosterone can have on female bodies. Types and examples Antiestrogens include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, clomifene, and raloxifene, the ER silent antagonist and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) fulvestran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungicide
Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. A fungistatic inhibits their growth. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality, and profit. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals. Chemicals used to control oomycetes, which are not fungi, are also referred to as fungicides, as oomycetes use the same mechanisms as fungi to infect plants. Fungicides can either be contact, translaminar or systemic. Contact fungicides are not taken up into the plant tissue and protect only the plant where the spray is deposited. Translaminar fungicides redistribute the fungicide from the upper, sprayed leaf surface to the lower, unsprayed surface. Systemic fungicides are taken up and redistributed through the xylem vessels. Few fungicides move to all parts of a plant. Some are locally systemic, and some move upwardly. Most fungicides that can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspergillus Sojae
''Aspergillus sojae'' is a species of fungus in the genus ''Aspergillus''. In Japan, it is used to make the ferment ( ''kōji'') of soy sauce, miso, mirin, and other lacto-fermented condiments such as ''tsukemono''. Soy sauce condiment is produced by fermenting soybeans with ''A. sojae'', along with water and salt. Glyceollins, molecules belonging to the pterocarpans, are found in the soybean (''Glycine max'') and have been found to have an antifungal activity against ''A. sojae''. ''Aspergillus sojae'' contains 10 glutaminase genes. The glutaminase enzyme in ''A. sojae'' is important to the taste of the soy sauce that it produces. An experiment was conducted using the genome sequencing of ''A. sojae.'' Strain NBRC 4239 had been isolated from the ''koji'' used to prepare Japanese soy sauce. The sequencing technology was used to investigate the genome with respect to enzymes and secondary metabolites in comparison with other ''Aspergillus'' species sequenced. The ''A. soj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiestrogens
Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production., Antiestrogens are one of three types of sex hormone antagonists, the others being antiandrogens and antiprogestogens. Antiestrogens are commonly used to stop steroid hormones, estrogen, from binding to the estrogen receptors leading to the decrease of estrogen levels. Decreased levels of estrogen can lead to complications in sexual development. Antiandrogens are sex hormone antagonists which are able to lower the production and the effects that testosterone can have on female bodies. Types and examples Antiestrogens include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, clomifene, and raloxifene, the ER silent antagonist and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) fulvestran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
