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Glyceollin II
Glyceollins are a family of prenylated pterocarpans found in ineffective types of nodule in soybean in response to symbiotic infection. It possesses two chiral centers and can be asymmetrically synthesized chemically at a gram level scale. Molecules found in the family are : * Glyceollin I * Glyceollin II * Glyceollin III * Glyceollin IV Effects They are phytoalexins with an antiestrogenic activity.Glyceollins, a Novel Class of Antiestrogenic Phytoalexins. Syreeta L. Tilghman, Stephen M. Boué and Matthew E. Burow, Mol Cell Pharmacol 2010;2(4), pp. 155-160, Lygin ''et al.'' 2013 finds antifungal activity against ''Phytophthora sojae'' and ''Macrophomina phaseolina'', and Kim ''et al.'' 2010 against ''Aspergillus sojae''. Kaplan ''et al.'' 1980 finds nematicidal activity against ''Meloidogyne incognita''. Parniske ''et al.'' 1991 finds an antibacterial effect. Glyceollin is a vital part of soybean immunity. Metabolism Lygin ''et al.'' 2013 find that daidzein is a precursor. . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterocarpan
Pterocarpans are derivatives of isoflavonoids found in the family Fabaceae. It is a group of compounds which can be described as benzo-pyrano-furano-benzenes (i.e. 6''H''- enzofuro ,2-chromene skeleton) which can be formed by coupling of the B ring to the 4-one position. 2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion in ''Cicer arietinum'' and glyceollin synthase for the production of glyceollins, phytoalexins in soybean. Known compounds * Bitucarpin A and B, isolated from the aerial parts of Mediterranean plants ''Bituminaria morisiana'' and ''Bituminaria bituminosa'' * Erybraedin A and B, isolated from the stems of ''Erythrina subumbrans'' and C, isolated from the leaves of ''Bituminaria morisiana'' * Erythrabyssin II, erystagallin A, erythrabissin-1, and erycristagallin isolated from the stems of ''Erythrina subumbrans'' * Glycinol, glyceollidin I and II, glyceollins (glyceollin I, II, III and IV), found in the soybean (''Glycin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Phytopathological Society
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings. The Society has nearly 5,000 plant pathologists and scientists worldwide. It is the oldest and largest organization of its type in the world. It is also a member of the International Society for Plant Pathology. APS provides information on the latest developments and research advances in plant health science through its journals and its publishing arm, APS Press. APS advocates and participates in the exchange of plant health information with public policy makers and the larger scientific community, and it provides advice on education and training. History The society was founded in December 1908, and the first regular meeting was held in December 1909. It was the first scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invertase
Invertase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown) of sucrose (table sugar) into fructose and glucose. Alternative names for invertase include , saccharase, glucosucrase, beta-h-fructosidase, beta-fructosidase, invertin, sucrase, maxinvert L 1000, fructosylinvertase, alkaline invertase, acid invertase, and the systematic name: beta-fructofuranosidase. The resulting mixture of fructose and glucose is called inverted sugar syrup. Related to invertases are sucrases. Invertases and sucrases hydrolyze sucrose to give the same mixture of glucose and fructose. Invertase is a glycoprotein that hydrolyses (cleaves) the non-reducing terminal beta-fructofuranoside residues. Thus, its systematic name is beta-fructofuranosidase. Invertases cleave the O-C(fructose) bond, whereas the sucrases cleave the O-C(glucose) bond. Invertase cleaves the alpha-1,2-glycosidic bond of sucrose. For industrial use, invertase is usually derived from yeast. It is also synthesized by bees, which us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytophthora Megasperma
''Phytophthora megasperma'' is a species of water mould in the family Peronosporaceae. It is well known as a plant pathogen with many hosts. It often causes a plant disease called root rot.''Phytophthora megasperma''. Plantwise Knowledge Bank. Taxonomy This is a poorly defined species which is generally called a . Its name applies to water moulds of many forms, functions, and host preferences, many of which are actually different species which have not yet been separated and described.Wilcox, W. F. and S. M. Mircetich. (1987)[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, water, fuel and other inputs. Plants in both natural and cultivated populat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyceollin Synthase
In enzymology, a glyceollin synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the last committed step in glyceollin biosynthesis. This enzyme has been classified as a cytochrome dependent monooxygenase. It uses cyclization of prenyl residue to convert glyceollidins (I and II) into glyceollins (I - III). This enzyme catalyzes the following chemical reaction: :2-(or 4-)dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 \rightleftharpoons glyceollin + NADP+ + 2 H2O The five substrates of this enzyme are 2-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan, 4-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its three products are glyceollin, NADP+, and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prenyltransferase
Prenyltransferases (PTs) are a class of enzymes that transfer allylic prenyl groups to acceptor molecules. Prenyl transferases commonly refer to isoprenyl diphosphate syntheses (IPPSs). Prenyltransferases are a functional category and include several enzyme groups that are evolutionarily independent. Prenyltransferases are commonly divided into two classes, cis (or Z) and trans (or E), depending upon the stereochemistry of the resulting products. Examples of trans-prenyltranferases include dimethylallyltranstransferase, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. Cis-prenyltransferases include dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (involved in the production of a precursor to dolichol). Trans- and cis-prenyltransferases are evolutionarily unrelated to each other and there is no sequential and structural similarity. The beta subunit of the farnesyltransferases is responsible for peptide binding. Squalene-hopene cyclase is a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of squalene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycinol (pterocarpan)
Glycinol is a pterocarpan, a type of natural phenol. It is a phytoalexin found in the soybean (''Glycine max''). It is formed by the cyclisation of daidzein. More recent literature supports that glycinol has potent phytoestrogenic activity. The so-called osteogenesis that is causes is postulated to be a preventative factor for osteoporosis. It can be synthethised chemically and possesses two chiral centers. Glycinol is the direct precursor of glyceollins through the action of a prenyltransferase. Experiments show that the 6a oxygen of glycinol is derived from molecular oxygen There are several known allotropes of oxygen. The most familiar is molecular oxygen (O2), present at significant levels in Earth's atmosphere and also known as dioxygen or triplet oxygen. Another is the highly reactive ozone (O3). Others are: *A .... References Pterocarpans Phytoalexins {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropanoid Pathway
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid, which is the central intermediate in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. From 4-coumaroyl-CoA emanates the biosynthesis of myriad natural products including lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids. The coumaroyl component is produced from cinnamic acid. Phenylpropanoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, where they serve as essential components of a number of structural polymers, provide protection from ultraviolet light, defend against herbivores and pathogens, and also mediate plant-pollinator interactions as floral pigments and scent compounds. Hydroxycinnamic acids Phenylalanine is first converted to cinnamic acid by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORCID
The ORCID (; Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a nonproprietary alphanumeric code to uniquely identify authors and contributors of scholarly communication as well as ORCID's website and services to look up authors and their bibliographic output (and other user-supplied pieces of information). This addresses the problem that a particular author's contributions to the scientific literature or publications can be hard to recognize as most personal names are not unique, they can change ( such as with marriage), have cultural differences in name order, contain inconsistent use of first-name abbreviations and employ different writing systems. It provides a persistent identity for humans, similar to tax ID numbers, that are created for content-related entities on digital networks by digital object identifiers (DOIs). Uses ORCID aims to provide a persistent code for humans, to address the problem that a particular author's contributions to scholarly communication can be hard to r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.About Wiley-Blackwell John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including , , , |
