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Gitagovinda
The ''Gita Govinda'' ( sa, गीत गोविन्दम्; ) is a work composed by the 12th-century Hindu poet, Jayadeva. It describes the relationship between Krishna, Radha and ''gopis'' (female cow herders) of Vrindavan. The ''Gita Govinda'' is organized into twelve chapters. Each chapter is further sub-divided into one or more divisions called ''Prabandha''s, totalling twenty-four in all. The prabandhas contain couplets grouped into eights, called ''Ashtapadis''. It is mentioned that Radha is greater than Krishna. The text also elaborates the eight moods of Heroine, the ''Ashta Nayika'', which has been an inspiration for many compositions and choreographic works in Indian classical dances. Summary The work delineates the love of Krishna for Radha, the milkmaid, his faithlessness and subsequent return to her, and is taken as symbolical of the human soul's straying from its true allegiance but returning at length to the God which created it. Chapters # ''Sāmoda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jayadeva
Jayadeva (; born ), also spelt Jaideva, was a Sanskrit poet during the 12th century. He is most known for his epic poem ''Gita Govinda'' which concentrates on Krishna's love with the '' gopi'', Radha, in a rite of spring. This poem, which presents the view that Radha is greater than Krishna, is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Little is known of his life, except that he was a loner poet and a Hindu mendicant celebrated for his poetic genius in eastern India. Jayadeva is the earliest dated author of hymns that are included the Guru Granth Sahib, the primary scripture of Sikhism – a religion founded in the Indian subcontinent centuries after his death. Biography A Brahmin by birth, the date and place of Jayadeva's birth are uncertain (see Jayadeva birth controversy). The ''Gitagovinda'' suggests that he was born in the "Kindubilva" village: scholars of Odisha, Bengal and Mithila have variously identified this place with a present-day village in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odissi Poet Gopalakrusna's Handwritten Gitagobinda Pothi
Odissi (), also referred to as Orissi in old literature, is a major ancient Indian classical dance that originated in the temples of Odisha – an eastern coastal state of India.Odissi ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2013) Odissi, in its history, was performed predominantly by women, and expressed stories and spirital ideas, particularly of through songs written and composed according to the ''ragas'' & ''talas'' of |
Barbara Stoler Miller
Barbara Stoler Miller (August 8, 1940 – April 19, 1993) was a scholar of Sanskrit literature. Her translation of the ''Bhagavad Gita'' was extremely successful and she helped popularize Indian literature in the U.S. She was the president of the Association for Asian Studies in 1990. Biography Born in New York City on August 8, 1940, she attended Great Neck High School on Long Island in New York, graduating in 1958. She was one of three children. She went on to Barnard College and Columbia University, where she earned her B.A. in philosophy from 1959 to 1962 and her M.A. in Indic Studies from 1962 to 1964. During this period, she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, was awarded the Montague Philosophy Prize, and was awarded her B.A. magna cum laude at Barnard in 1962. Miller proceeded to earn a Ph.D. in Indic Studies, with distinction, from the University of Pennsylvania in 1968. She was one of the last of the era of scholars trained by the W. Norman Brown and Stella Kramrisch, her two s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krishna
Krishna (; sa, कृष्ण ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme god in his own right. He is the god of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love; and is one of the most popular and widely revered among Indian divinities. Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on Krishna Janmashtami according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar, which falls in late August or early September of the Gregorian calendar. The anecdotes and narratives of Krishna's life are generally titled as ''Krishna Leela''. He is a central character in the ''Mahabharata'', the '' Bhagavata Purana'', the ''Brahma Vaivarta Purana,'' and the '' Bhagavad Gita'', and is mentioned in many Hindu philosophical, theological, and mythological texts. They portray him in various perspectives: as a god-child, a prankster, a model lover, a divine hero, and the universal supreme being. Quote: "Krsna's various appearances as a di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radha
Radha ( sa, राधा, ), also called Radhika, is a Hindu goddess and the chief consort of the god Krishna. She is worshiped as the goddess of love, tenderness, compassion, and devotion. She is the avatar of goddess Lakshmi and is also described as the chief of the ''Gopis'' (milkmaids). During Krishna's youth, she appears as his lover and companion. Many traditions and scriptures accord Radha the status of the eternal consort and wife of Krishna. Radha, as a supreme goddess, is considered as the female counterpart and the internal potency (''hladini shakti'') of Krishna, who resides in Goloka, the celestial abode of Radha Krishna. Radha is said to accompany Krishna in all his incarnations. In Radha Vallabh Sampradaya and Haridasi Sampradaya, only Radha is worshiped as the supreme deity. Elsewhere, she is venerated with Krishna as his principal consort in Nimbarka Sampradaya, Pushtimarg, Mahanam Sampraday, Swaminarayan Sampradaya, Vaishnava-Sahajiya and Gaudiya Vaishnavis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashtapadis
''Ashtapadis'' or ''Ashtapadi'' refers to the Sanskrit hymns of the ''Gita Govinda'', composed by Jayadeva in the 12th Century. The ''ashtapadis'', which describe the beauty of Lord Krishna and the love between Krishna and the '' gopis'', are considered a masterpiece in esoteric spirituality and the theme of 'Divine romance'. The literal meaning of ''ashtapathi'', 'eight-steps', refers to the fact that each hymn is made of eight couplets (eight sets of two lines). It is also the source of the word '' ashtāpada'', an Indian board game, the forerunner of chess. Although the original tunes of the ''ashtapadis'' were lost in history, they remain popular and are widely sung in a variety of tunes, and used in classical dance performances, across India. Ashtapadis are regularly performed at Kerala temples in the accompaniment of an ''idakka;'' a genre of music called '' sopana sangeetham.'' The lyrical poetry of the ''Gita Govinda'' is divided into twelve chapters, each of which is sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangala Gujjari
Mangala Gujjari () is a rāga belonging to the tradition of Odissi music. Falling under the ''meḷa'' Karnāta, the raga uses ''komala rusabha, komala gandhara, komala dhaibata'' and ''komala nisada'' swaras along with their ''suddha'' counterparts and is traditionally associated with the ''karuṇa rasa.'' The raga is mentioned in treatises such as the ''Gita Prakasa'' and ''Sangita Narayana.'' This raga is traditionally believed to have been created by Jayadeva in his Gita Govinda. Structure An ancient raga, Mangala Gujjari has been used by hundreds of poet-composers for well-over the past many centuries. Its ''aroha-abaroha'' are given below : ''Aroha :'' S G M P d N S ''Abaroha :'' S N d n d P M G r g r S Compositions Some of the well-known traditional compositions in this raga include : * ''Srita Kamala'' by Jayadeva Jayadeva (; born ), also spelt Jaideva, was a Sanskrit poet during the 12th century. He is most known for his epic poem ''Gita Govinda'' which concen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreword
A foreword is a (usually short) piece of writing, sometimes placed at the beginning of a book or other piece of literature. Typically written by someone other than the primary author of the work, it often tells of some interaction between the writer of the foreword and the book's primary author or the story the book tells. Later editions of a book sometimes have a new foreword prepended (appearing before an older foreword if there was one), which might explain in what respects that edition differs from previous ones. When written by the author, the foreword may cover the story of how the book came into being or how the idea for the book was developed, and may include thanks and acknowledgments to people who were helpful to the author during the time of writing. Unlike a preface, a foreword is always signed. Information essential to the main text is generally placed in a set of explanatory notes, or perhaps in an introduction, rather than in the foreword or like preface. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gujjari
Gujjari () is a rāga belonging to the tradition of Odissi music. Falling under the ''meḷa'' Karnāta, the raga uses ''komala gandhara, komala dhaibata'' and ''komala nisada'' swaras and is traditionally associated with the ''karuṇa rasa.'' The raga is mentioned in treatises such as the ''Gita Prakasa'' and ''Sangita Narayana.'' Among its ''angaragas'', Mangala Gujjari is most prominent and has been used by Jayadeva in his Gita Govinda, alongside Gujjari itself. Structure An ancient raga, Gujjari has been used by hundreds of poet-composers for well-over the past many centuries. Its ''aroha-abaroha'' are given below : ''Aroha :'' S R g M P d n S ''Abaroha :'' S n d P M g R S The raga dwells or does ''nyasa'' on the ''rusabha'', as per tradition. Compositions Some of the well-known traditional compositions in this raga include : * ''Syama Nagara Pari'' by Banamali Dasa * ''Mane Ki Panchila Re'' by Upendra Bhanja ''Kabi Samrata'' Upendra Bhanja () was a 17th-century O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asiatic Society
The Asiatic Society is a government of India organisation founded during the Company rule in India to enhance and further the cause of "Oriental research", in this case, research into India and the surrounding regions. It was founded by the philologist William Jones on 15 January 1784 in a meeting presided over by Justice Robert Chambers in Calcutta, the then-capital of the Presidency of Fort William. At the time of its foundation, this Society was named as "Asiatick Society". In 1825, the society was renamed as "The Asiatic Society". In 1832 the name was changed to "The Asiatic Society of Bengal" and again in 1936 it was renamed as "The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal". Finally, on 1 July 1951, the name of the society was changed to its present one. The Society is housed in a building at Park Street in Kolkata (Calcutta). The Society moved into this building during 1808. In 1823, the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta was formed and all the meetings of this society ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odisha
Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India. It neighbours the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of along the Bay of Bengal in Indian Ocean. The region is also known as Utkala and is also mentioned in India's national anthem, " Jana Gana Mana". The language of Odisha is Odia, which is one of the Classical Languages of India. The ancient kingdom of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (which was again won back from them by King Kharavela) in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War, coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha. The modern boundaries of Odisha were demarcated by the British Indian government when Orissa Province wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir William Jones
Sir William Jones (28 September 1746 – 27 April 1794) was a British philologist, a puisne judge on the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Bengal, and a scholar of ancient India. He is particularly known for his proposition of the existence of a relationship among European and Indo-Aryan languages, which later came to be known as the Indo-European languages. Jones is also credited for establishing the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784. Early life William Jones was born in London; his father William Jones (1675–1749) was a mathematician from Anglesey in Wales, noted for introducing the use of the symbol π. The young William Jones was a linguistic prodigy, who in addition to his native languages English and Welsh, learned Greek, Latin, Persian, Arabic, Hebrew and the basics of Chinese writing at an early age. By the end of his life he knew eight languages with critical thoroughness, was fluent in a further eight, with a dictionary at hand, and had a fair c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
