Giovanni Cavalcanti (chronicler)
Among several members of the extended Florentine patrician family the Cavalcanti holding the name Giovanni, the chronicler Giovanni Cavalcanti (1381-c.1451), of a minor branch of the family but who was captain of the Guelf party in 1422, is most widely remembered for his malevolent and melancholic account of Florence, covering the period 1420-47. Cavalcanti's ''Storie'' obsessively focussed on the city's political intrigues and scandals and was colored by his personal political misfortunes as an aristocratic agitator, first against the corrupt oligarchy of 1420-34 and subsequently of the Medici; his long imprisonment for debt excluded him from the participation in public life that he considered his noble right. Historians had discounted the decayed ''grande'', Cavalcanti, who was rehabilitated by Claudio Varese, 1961. In private he was also the author of a ''Trattato politico-morale'', written in the 1440s and dedicated to the anti-Medicean Neri Capponi; it was intended as a Cicer ...
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Cavalcanti
Cavalcanti is an Italian surname, used by people of ancient Italian origin. In Italy and Brazil the variant Cavalcante is also used. The family came to Brazil in 1560. * Alberto Cavalcanti (1897–1982), Brazilian film director * Andrea Cavalcanti, a fictional character in '' The Count of Monte Cristo'' by Alexandre Dumas * Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti (died c. 1280), Florentine philosopher, father of Guido Cavalicanti * Emiliano Di Cavalcanti (1897–1976), Brazilian painter * Giovanni Cavalcanti (chronicler) (1381–), Florentine chronicler * Giovanni Cavalcanti (poet) (1444–1509), Florentine poet * Guido Cavalcanti (–1300), Italian poet * Humberto Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Teixeira (1915–1979), Brazilian lawyer, politician, musician, and composer * João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (1878–1930), Brazilian politician * Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti (1850–1930), first Latin American Cardinal * Severino Cavalcanti (1930–2020), Brazilian politici ...
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Guelf
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075, and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. History Origins The Guelph vs Ghibelline conflict initially arose from the division caused by the Investiture Controversy, about whether secular rulers or the pope had the authority to appoint bishops and abbots. Upon the death of Emperor Henry V, of the Salian dynasty, the dukes elected an opponent of his dynasty, Lothair III, as the new emperor. This displeased the Hohenstaufen, who were allied with and related to the old dynasty. Out of fear of the Ho ...
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Medici
The House of Medici ( , ) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici, in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century. The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. This bank was the largest in Europe during the 15th century and facilitated the Medicis' rise to political power in Florence, although they officially remained citizens rather than monarchs until the 16th century. The Medici produced four popes of the Catholic Church—Pope Leo X (1513–1521), Pope Clement VII (1523–1534), Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) and Pope Leo XI (1605)—and two queens of France—Catherine de' Medici (1547–1559) and Marie de' Medici (1600–1610). In 1532, the family acquired the hereditary title Duke of Florence. In 1569, the duchy was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany after territorial expansion. The Medici ruled the G ...
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Neri Capponi
Neri or Néri may refer to: Places *Neri, Iran, a village in West Azerbaijan Province *Neri, India, a village in the north Indian state Himachal *Neri River, a river in Ethiopia People and fictional characters *Neri (surname) *Neri (given name) *Francisco Valmerino Neri (born 1976), Brazilian footballer known as "Neri" *Neri, a main character in the series ''Ocean Girl'' *Al Neri, a fictional character from ''The Godfather'' Other uses *National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark *Neri (grape), another name for the French wine grape Grolleau * ''Neri'', a starchy substance used in the manufacture of Japanese ''washi'' paper, derived from the root of the plant ''Abelmoschus manihot ''Abelmoschus manihot'', the aibika, is a flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It was formerly considered a species of ''Hibiscus'', but is now classified in the genus ''Abelmoschus''. The plant is also known as the sunset muskmallow, sunset ...

Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. His extensive writings include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy and politics, and he is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and served as consul in 63 BC. His influence on the Latin language was immense. He wrote more than three-quarters of extant Latin literature that is known to have existed in his lifetime, and it has been said that subsequent prose was either a reaction against or a return to his style, not only in Latin but in European languages up to the 19th century. Cicero introduced into Latin the arguments of the chief schools of Hellenistic philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary ...
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15th-century Italian Historians
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian dates from 1 January 1401 ( MCDI) to 31 December 1500 ( MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constantinople, known as the capital of the world an ...
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1381 Births
Year 1381 ( MCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 14 – Chioggia concludes an alliance with Zadar and Trogir against Venice, which becomes changed in 1412 in Šibenik. * June 12 – Peasants' Revolt: In England, rebels from Kent and Essex, led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, meet at Blackheath. There the rebels are encouraged by a sermon, by renegade priest John Ball. * June 14 – Peasants' Revolt: Rebels destroy John of Gaunt's Savoy Palace in London and storm the Tower of London, beheading Simon Sudbury, who is both Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor, and also Robert Hales, Lord High Treasurer. King Richard II of England (age 14) meets the leaders of the revolt and agrees to reforms such as fair rents and the abolition of serfdom. * June 15 – Peasants' Revolt: During further negotiations, Wat Tyler is murdered by the King's entourage. ...
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