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Ghost Work
Ghost work is work performed by a human, but believed by a customer to be performed by an automated process. The term was coined by anthropologist Mary L. Gray and computer scientist Siddharth Suri in their 2019 book, ''Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass''. Definition Gray and Suri state that ghost work focuses on task-based and content-driven work that can be funneled through the Internet and application programming interfaces (APIs). They say that this work can include labelling, editing, and sorting information or content, as well as content moderation. They also state that ghost work can be performed remotely and on a contractual basis and that it is an invisible workforce, scaled for those who desire full-time, part-time, or ad-hoc work. A benefit of ghost work is flexible hours because the worker chooses when they complete a task, making it an appealing option for those in between jobs or in need of side work. Ghost work is diffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary L
Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a female given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religion * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also called the Blessed Virgin Mary * Mary Magdalene, devoted follower of Jesus * Mary of Bethany, follower of Jesus, considered by Western medieval tradition to be the same person as Mary Magdalene * Mary, mother of James * Mary of Clopas, follower of Jesus * Mary, mother of John Mark * Mary of Egypt, patron saint of penitents * Mary of Rome, a New Testament woman * Mary the Jewess, one of the reputed founders of alchemy, referred to by Zosimus. Royalty * Mary, Countess of Blois (1200–1241), daughter of Walter of Avesnes and Margaret of Blois * Mary of Burgundy (1457–1482), daughter of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy * Queen Mary of Denmark (born 1972), wife of Frederik X of Denmark * Mary I of England (1516–1558), aka "Bloody Mary", Queen of Englan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siddharth Suri
Siddhārtha is the male given name of the founder of Buddhism, Gautama Buddha. Siddhartha, Siddartha, or Siddharth may also refer to: Books * ''Siddhartha'' (novel), about a fictional contemporary of the Buddha, by Hermann Hesse * ''Siddhartha'' (play), a fictional account of Gautama Buddha's enlightenment, by Victor Segalen Film and TV * ''Siddhartha'' (1972 film), a 1972 American film * ''Sidhartha'' (1998 film), a 1998 Indian Malayalam film * '' Siddharth: The Prisoner'', a 2008 Indian Hindi film * ''Siddharth'' (2013 film), a 2013 Indian-Canadian film * ''Siddhartha'' (2015 film), a 2015 Indian Kannada film Music * Siddharta (band), a Slovenian rock band * Siddhartha (band), an American rock band * ''Siddhartha'' (opera), opera by Per Nørgård * ''Siddhartha'' (1976), orchestral suite by Claude Vivier (1948–1983) * ''Siddhartha'' (musical), a 2007 original production by Chu Un Temple and BLIA Cebu * "Siddhartha", a song by Jerry Cantrell on the album ''Degradat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Programming Interface
An application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or between computer programs. It is a type of software Interface (computing), interface, offering a service to other pieces of software. A document or standard that describes how to build such a connection or interface is called an ''API specification''. A computer system that meets this standard is said to ''implement'' or ''expose'' an API. The term API may refer either to the specification or to the implementation. In contrast to a user interface, which connects a computer to a person, an application programming interface connects computers or pieces of software to each other. It is not intended to be used directly by a person (the end user) other than a computer programmer who is incorporating it into software. An API is often made up of different parts which act as tools or services that are available to the programmer. A program or a programmer that uses one of these parts is said to ''call'' that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Content Moderation
On websites that allow users to create content, content moderation is the process of detecting contributions that are irrelevant, obscene, illegal, harmful, or insulting. The purpose of content moderation is to remove or apply a warning label to problematic content or allow users to block and filter content themselves. It is part of the wider discipline of trust and safety. Various types of Internet sites permit user-generated content such as posts, comments, videos including Internet forums, blogs, and news sites powered by scripts such as phpBB, a wiki, PHP-Nuke, etc. Depending on the site's content and intended audience, the site's administrators will decide what kinds of user comments are appropriate, then delegate the responsibility of sifting through comments to lesser moderators. Most often, they will attempt to eliminate trolling, spamming, or flaming, although this varies widely from site to site. Major platforms use a combination of algorithmic tools, user repor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gig Worker
Gig workers are independent contractors, online platform workers, contract firm workers, on-demand workers, and temporary workers. Gig workers enter into formal agreements with on-demand companies to provide services to the company's clients. In many countries, the legal classification of gig workers is still being debated, with companies classifying their workers as "independent contractors", while organized labor advocates have been lobbying for them to be classified as "employees", which would legally require companies to provide the full suite of employee benefits like time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance, among others. In 2020, the voters in California approved 2020 California Proposition 22, which created a third worker classification whereby gig-worker-drivers are classified as contractors but get some benefits, such as minimum wage, mileage reimbursement, and others. Etymology of ''g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temporary Work
Temporary work or temporary employment (also called gigs) refers to an employment situation where the working arrangement is limited to a certain period of time-based on the needs of the employing organization. Temporary employees are sometimes called "contractual", "seasonal", "interim", "casual staff", "outsourcing", and " freelance"; or the words may be shortened to "temps". In some instances, temporary, highly skilled professionals (particularly in the white-collar worker fields, such as human resources, research and development, engineering, and accounting) refer to themselves as consultants. Increasingly, executive-level positions (e.g., CEO, CIO, CFO, CMO, CSO) are also filled with interim executives or fractional executives. Temporary work is different from secondment, which involves temporarily assigning a member of one organization to another. In this case, the employee typically retains their salary and other employment rights from their primary organization. Stil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WhatsApp
WhatsApp (officially WhatsApp Messenger) is an American social media, instant messaging (IM), and voice-over-IP (VoIP) service owned by technology conglomerate Meta. It allows users to send text, voice messages and video messages, make voice and video calls, and share images, documents, user locations, and other content. WhatsApp's client application runs on mobile devices, and can be accessed from computers. The service requires a cellular mobile telephone number to sign up. WhatsApp was launched in February 2009. In January 2018, WhatsApp released a standalone business app called WhatsApp Business which can communicate with the standard WhatsApp client. The service was created by WhatsApp Inc. of Mountain View, California, which was acquired by Facebook in February 2014 for approximately US$19.3 billion. It became the world's most popular messaging application by 2015, and had more than 2billion users worldwide by February 2020, with WhatsApp Business having approxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lilly Irani
Lilly Christine Irani is an Iranian-American academic whose research spans topics in computer science, communication studies, feminist studies, entrepreneurship, and microwork. She is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at the University of California, San Diego. Education and career Irani graduated in 2004 from Stanford University with both a bachelor's degree in the Science, Technology, and Society program and a master's degree in computer science, specializing in human-computer interaction. After working in user interface design at Google from 2003 to 2007, she returned to graduate school, completing a Ph.D. in informatics at the University of California, Irvine in 2013. Her dissertation, ''Designing Citizens in Transnational India'', was supervised by Paul Dourish. She joined the University of California, San Diego faculty as an assistant professor of communications in 2013, and was tenured as an associate professor in 2019. In 2023, she became the inau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technology Company
A technology company (or tech company) is a company that focuses primarily on the manufacturing, support, research and development of—most commonly computing, telecommunication and consumer electronics–based—technology-intensive products and services, which include businesses relating to digital electronics, software, optics, new energy, and Internet-related services such as cloud storage and e-commerce services. '' Big Tech'' refers to the five largest technology companies in the United States, symbolized by the metonym " Silicon Valley", where they are based. Details According to '' Fortune'', , the ten largest technology companies by revenue are: Apple Inc., Samsung, Foxconn, Alphabet Inc., Microsoft, Huawei, Dell Technologies, Hitachi, IBM, and Sony. Amazon has higher revenue than Apple, but is classified by ''Fortune'' in the retail sector. The most profitable listed in 2020 are Apple Inc., Microsoft, Alphabet Inc., Intel, Meta Platforms, Samsung, and Tencent. Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MTurk
Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a crowdsourcing website with which businesses can hire remotely located "crowdworkers" to perform discrete on-demand tasks that computers are currently unable to do as economically. It is operated under Amazon Web Services, and is owned by Amazon. Employers, known as ''requesters,'' post jobs known as ''Human Intelligence Tasks'' (HITs), such as identifying specific content in an image or video, writing product descriptions, or answering survey questions. Workers, colloquially known as ''Turkers'' or ''crowdworkers'', browse among existing jobs and complete them in exchange for a fee set by the requester. To place jobs, requesters use an open application programming interface (API), or the more limited MTurk Requester site. , requesters could register from 49 approved countries. History The service was conceived by Venky Harinarayan in a U.S. patent disclosure in 2001. Amazon coined the term ''artificial artificial intelligence'' for processes th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scalability
Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work. One definition for software systems specifies that this may be done by adding resources to the system. In an economic context, a scalable business model implies that a company can increase sales given increased resources. For example, a package delivery system is scalable because more packages can be delivered by adding more delivery vehicles. However, if all packages had to first pass through a single warehouse for sorting, the system would not be as scalable, because one warehouse can handle only a limited number of packages. In computing, scalability is a characteristic of computers, networks, algorithms, networking protocols, programs and applications. An example is a search engine, which must support increasing numbers of users, and the number of topics it indexes. Webscale is a computer architectural approach that brings the capabilities of large-scale cloud computing companies into enterprise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stopgap
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