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Geophilus Carpophagus
''Geophilus carpophagus'' is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae, widely considered to be a type species of the genus ''Geophilus'' (along with '' G. electricus''). It grows up to 60 millimeters in length, with an orange/tan body bearing a distinctive purplish marbled pattern (also seen in '' Henia vesuviana''). Males of this species have 51 to 55 pairs of legs; females have 53 to 57. Taxonomy Recent studies indicate that ''G. carpophagus'' is actually a group of closely related species (dubbed the carpophagus species-complex). So far only three species have been clearly defined; ''G. carpophagus'' (Leach, 1814), '' G. easoni'' (Arthur, et al., 2001) from Europe, and '' G. arenarius'' (Meinert, 1870) from North Africa. Habitat ''Geophilus carpophagus'' is most commonly found across southeast England, though specimens have also been found in mainland Europe, North Africa, and the Canarie Islands, with a viable population discovered in Finland in 2018. In the nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Elford Leach
William Elford Leach Royal Society, FRS (2 February 1791 – 25 August 1836) was an English zoologist and marine biologist. Life and work Elford Leach was born at Hoe Gate, Plymouth, the son of an attorney. At the age of twelve he began a medical apprenticeship at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Devonshire and Exeter Hospital, studying anatomy and chemistry. By this time he was already collecting marine animals from Plymouth Sound and along the Devon coast. At seventeen he began studying medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, finishing his training at the University of Edinburgh before graduating Doctor of Medicine, MD from the University of St Andrews (where he had never studied). From 1813 Leach concentrated on his zoological interests and was employed as an 'Assistant Librarian' (what would later be called Assistant Keeper) in the Natural History Museum, London, Natural History Department of the British Museum, where he had responsibility for the zoological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilomorpha
The centipedes or Chilopoda are divided into the following orders. Scutigeromorpha The Scutigeromorpha are anamorphic, reaching 15 leg-bearing segments in length. Also known as house centipedes, they are very fast creatures, and able to withstand falling at great speed: they reach up to 15 body lengths per second when dropped, surviving the fall. They are the only centipede group to retain their original compound eyes, within which a crystalline layer analogous to that seen in chelicerates and insects can be observed. They also bear long and multi-segmented antennae. Adaptation to a burrowing lifestyle has led to the degeneration of compound eyes in other orders; this feature is of great use in phylogenetic analysis. The group is the sole extant representative of the Notostigmophora, defined by having a single spiracle opening at the posterior of each dorsal plate. The more derived groups bear a plurality of spiracular openings on their sides, and are termed the Pleurostigmopho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilidae
The Geophilidae are a polyphyletic, cosmopolitan family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea containing the mostly defunct clades Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, Chilenophilinae, and Macronicophilidae. Species in this family are characterized by mandibles with a single pectinate lamella, slender antennae, sternal pores with variable arrangement, a generally slightly or moderately elongate head, frequently undivided coxosternite with two paramedian sclerotized lines, claws without rows of filament, and female gonopods usually being an undivided lamina. Compared to most other families in the suborder Adesmata, this family features a modest number of leg-bearing segments (no more than 125) and limited variation in this number within each species. Two species in this family include centipedes with only 29 pairs of legs: ''Geophilus persephones'' (29 pairs in the only specimen, a male), and '' G. richardi'' (29 or 31 pairs in the males and 33 pairs in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilus
''Geophilus '' is a large, heterogeneous genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae largely considered to be synonymous with '' Brachygeophilus''. It is a mostly holarctic genus characterized by a claw-shaped ultimate pretarsus, anterior porefields, complete or nearly complete coxo-pleural sutures at the prosternum, and incomplete chitin-lines. The generic name first appeared in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia in 1814 as ''Geophilus electricus''. Although centipedes in this genus can have as many as 89 pairs of legs, most species have a much smaller number of leg pairs. For example, two species in this genus include centipedes with only 29 pairs of legs, the lowest number found in the family Geophilidae: '' G. persephones'' (29 pairs in the only specimen, a male) and '' G. richardi'' (29 or 31 pairs in males and 33 pairs in females). This genus also includes other species with notably few legs, for example, ''G. hadesi'' (33 pairs in both males and females) and ''G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilus Electricus
''Geophilus electricus'' is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found across temperate Europe, especially Britain and Ireland. Originally discovered and named ''Scolopendra electrica'' in 1758, it was later moved to its own genus, Geophilus. As the first species described in this genus, it is considered by some to be the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... (along with '' Geophilus carpophagus''). It is yellowish-orange in color and can grow up to 45 millimeters, with 55 to 75 leg pairs (more than other similar ''Geophilus'' species), a distinct carpophagus fossae on the anterior sternites, and a distinctive arrangement of the coxal pores of the last leg pair. Like many geophilomorphans, ''G. electricus'' has been known to glow in the da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henia Vesuviana
The white-striped centipede (''Henia vesuviana'', formerly ''Chaetechelyne vesuviana''), is a species of geophilid centipede belonging to the family Dignathodontidae. Description This is a long and slender species, reaching lengths of up to in mainland Europe. It is one of the few geophilomorph species to be identifiable in the field, with a distinct greyish colouration, orange-yellow head and rear, short terminal legs and thick mid-body. It can have anywhere between 57 and 87 leg pairs, with British specimens tending towards the middle of that range. There also exists sexual dimorphism in leg count, with males generally having fewer legs than females. It gains its common name from the distinct white dorsal blood vessel running along the length of the body. Behaviour This species spends the day under cover such as logs and stones, often curled up in a ball with its underside facing outward. It is able to secrete a sticky liquid from the ventral side of its segments when a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilus Easoni
''Geophilus easoni'' is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae The Geophilidae are a polyphyletic, cosmopolitan family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea containing the mostly defunct clades Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, Chilenophilinae, and Macronicophilidae. Species in ... found throughout Britain and Ireland, though its range extends through western France to at least the foothills of the Pyrenees. Until 2001, it was considered synonymous with '' G. carpophagus'', and most pre-2001 records probably refer to ''G. easoni''. It's typically shorter than ''G. carpophagus'' (up to 40 mm), with fewer leg pairs (between 47 and 51), uniform tan/chestnut coloring, and a greater size and number of coxal pores, as well as a darkly pigmented mid-piece of the labrum which bears blunt teeth. Specimens in north-western Iberia typically have a wider range of leg pairs (between 47 and 55). It nests on the ground surface under stones and dead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilus Arenarius
''Geophilus arenarius'' is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in northwest Africa, specifically near Annaba, Algeria. It's frequently misidentified with '' G. electricus'', and as part of the carpophagus species-complex it's closely related to both '' G. carpophagus'' and '' G. easoni'', though it differs mainly by lacking a transverse suture on the head and peculiar integumental features (carpophagus-structures) along the trunk, as well as having relatively stouter antennae and forcipular coxosternite. ''G. arenarius'' is distinctly smaller at full growth than ''G. carpophagus'', with usually blunter and more sclerotised Sclerotin is a component of the cuticle of various Arthropoda, most familiarly insects. It is formed by cross-linking members of particular classes of protein molecules, a biochemical process called sclerotization, a form of tanning in which qui ... tubercles lining the intermediate part of the labrum and a minute denticle at the bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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