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The Geophilidae are a
The Geophilidae are a polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...
, cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan may refer to:
Food and drink
* Cosmopolitan (cocktail), also known as a "Cosmo"
History
* Rootless cosmopolitan, a Soviet derogatory epithet during Joseph Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign of 1949–1953
Hotels and resorts
* Cosmopoli ...
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of soil centipedes in the superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
Geophiloidea
''Geophiloidea'' is a superfamily in the order Geophilomorpha and suborder Adesmata containing the families Zelanophilidae, Gonibregmatidae
Gonibregmatidae are a paraphyletic (with respect to Neogeophilidae and Eriphantidae) family of soil ...
containing the mostly defunct clades Aphilodontidae
''Aphilodontidae'' is a monophyletic clade of soil centipedes in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose ...
, Dignathodontidae
Dignathodontidae is a monophyletic clade of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae found in the Mediterranean region, extending to Macaronesia, Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian S ...
, Linotaeniidae
Linotaeniidae are a monophyletic clade of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae found mostly in the temperate regions of the Holarctic as well as the south Andes. Species in the clade Linotaeniidae are characterized by a body that usually t ...
, Chilenophilinae, and Macronicophilidae. Species in this family are characterized by mandibles
In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone ...
with a single pectinate lamella, slender antennae, sternal pores with variable arrangement, a generally slightly or moderately elongate head, frequently undivided coxosternite with two paramedian sclerotized lines, claws without rows of filament, and female gonopods
Gonopods are specialized appendages of various arthropods used in reproduction or egg-laying. In males, they facilitate the transfer of sperm from male to female during mating, and thus are a type of intromittent organ. In crustaceans and milli ...
usually being an undivided lamina
Lamina may refer to:
Science and technology
* Planar lamina, a two-dimensional planar closed surface with mass and density, in mathematics
* Laminar flow, (or streamline flow) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption betwee ...
.
Compared to most other families in the suborder Adesmata
Adesmata is a suborder of centipedes within the order Geophilomorpha containing the superfamilies Geophiloidea and Himantarioidea. This suborder contains 13 families. All members of this suborder have ventral defensive glands.
Description
Spec ...
, this family features a modest number of leg-bearing segments (no more than 125) and limited variation in this number within each species. Two species in this family include centipedes with only 29 pairs of legs: ''Geophilus persephones
''Geophilus persephones'' is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae discovered in 1999. This species is named after Persephone, the queen of the underworld in Greek mythology, and found in caves in the Gouffre de la Pierre Saint- ...
'' (29 pairs in the only specimen, a male), and '' G. richardi'' (29 or 31 pairs in the males and 33 pairs in the females). In the order Geophilomorpha
The centipedes or Chilopoda are divided into the following orders.
Scutigeromorpha
The Scutigeromorpha are anamorphic, reaching 15 leg-bearing segments in length. Also known as house centipedes, they are very fast creatures, and able to withstan ...
, only two species include centipedes with fewer leg pairs, both of them in the family Schendylidae
Schendylidae is a paraphyletic (with respect to Ballophilidae) family of soil centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea. There are at least 47 genera and 310 described species in Schendylidae.
Compared to most ...
. Only a few geophilid species have more than 90 leg-bearing segments, including ''Ribautia taeniata'', with up to 125 leg pairs, the maximum number in found this family.
This family contains these genera:
*'' Abatorus''
*''Acanthogeophilus
''Acanthogeophilus'' is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae, found in the centro-west part of the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almo ...
''
*'' Achilophilus''
*'' Agathothus''
*'' Agnathodon''
*'' Algerophilus''
*'' Alloschizotaenia''
*'' Aphilodon''
*'' Apogeophilus''
*'' Arctogeophilus''
*'' Arenophilus''
*'' Aztekophilus''
*'' Barrophilus''
*'' Bebekium''
*'' Bithyniphilus''
*'' Brachygeophilus''
*'' Brachygonarea''
*'' Caliphilus''
*'' Cephalodolichus''
*'' Cheiletha''
*'' Chileana''
*'' Chilenophilus''
*'' Chomatophilus''
*'' Clinopodes''
*'' Condylona''
*'' Damothus''
*'' Dekanphilus''
*'' Dignathodon''
*'' Diphyonyx''
*'' Dyodesmophilus''
*'' Dysmesus''
*'' Ecuadoron''
*'' Endogeophilus''
*'' Eremerium''
*'' Eremorus''
*'' Erithophilus''
*'' Eurygeophilus''
*'' Fagetophilus''
*'' Filipponus''
*'' Galliophilus''
*'' Garrina''
*''Geomerinus
''Geomerinus'' is a monotypic genus of centipedes in the family Geophilidae. It was described by French myriapodologist Henry Wilfred Brolemann in 1912. Its sole species is ''Geomerinus curtipes'', originally described as ''Geophilus curtipe ...
''
*'' Geoperingueyia''
*'' Geophilus''
*'' Gnathoribautia''
*'' Gosipina''
*'' Hapleurytion''
*'' Harmostela''
*'' Harpacticellus''
*'' Henia''
*'' Horonia''
*'' Hovanyx''
*'' Hyphydrophilus''
*'' Ketampa''
*'' Kurdistanius''
*'' Lionyx''
*'' Macronicophilus''
*''Maoriella
''Maoriella'' is a genus of centipedes in the family (biology), family Geophilidae. It was described by Austrian myriapodology, myriapodologist Carl Attems in 1903. Species in this genus are found in New Zealand, Australia, and Tahiti.
Descript ...
''
*'' Mecistauchenus''
*'' Mecophilus''
*'' Mixophilus''
*'' Nabocodes''
*'' Nannocrix''
*'' Navajona''
*'' Nesidiphilus''
*'' Nesomerium''
*'' Nicopus''
*'' Nothogeophilus''
*'' Oligna''
*'' Orinomerium''
*'' Ortognathus''
*'' Pachymerellus''
*'' Pachymerinus''
*'' Pachymerium''
*'' Pagotaenia''
*'' Pandineum''
*'' Peruphilus''
*'' Philacroterium''
*'' Plestophilus''
*'' Plateurytion''
*'' Pleurogeophilus''
*'' Poaphilus''
*'' Polycricus''
*'' Polygonarea''
*'' Porethus''
*'' Portoricellus''
*'' Portoricona''
*'' Proschizotaenia''
*'' Pseudofagetophilus''
*'' Purcellinus''
*'' Pycnona''
*'' Queenslandophilus''
*''Ribautia
''Ribautia'' is a genus of centipedes in the family (biology), family Geophilidae. This genus was described by French myriapodology, myriapodologist Henry Wilfred Brolemann in 1909. Centipedes in this genus are found in South America, tropical Af ...
''
*'' Schendyloides''
*'' Schizonampa''
*'' Schizonium''
*'' Schizopleres''
*'' Schizotaenia''
*'' Sepedonophilus''
*'' Serrona''
*'' Sogona''
*'' Steneurytion''
*'' Stenotaenia''
*''Strigamia
''Strigamia'' is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Linotaeniidae. Members of this family can be identified by their anteriorly tapering bodies, the extra claw on the forcipules (venom-injecting fangs), scattered coxal pores, and the dist ...
''
*'' Stylolaemus''
*'' Sundageophilus''
*'' Synerium''
*'' Synthophilus''
*'' Taiyuna''
*'' Taschkentia''
*'' Telocricus''
*'' Timpina''
*'' Tretechthus''
*''Tuoba
The Tuoba (reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation: *''tʰak-bɛt''), also known as the Taugast or Tabgach ( otk, 𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲 ''Tabγač''), was a Xianbei clan in Imperial China.Wei Shou. '' Book of Wei''. Vol. 1
During the Sixteen King ...
''
*'' Tylonyx''
*'' Watophilus''
*'' Zantaenia''
*'' Zygona''
*'' Zygophilus''
References
Centipede families Geophilomorpha {{Myriapoda-stub