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Gender-neutrality In Genderless Languages
A genderless language is a natural or constructed language that has no distinctions of grammatical gender—that is, no categories requiring morphological agreement between nouns and associated pronouns, adjectives, articles, or verbs. The notion of a genderless language is distinct from that of gender neutrality or gender-neutral language, which is wording that does not presuppose a particular natural gender. A discourse in a grammatically genderless language is not necessarily gender-neutral, although genderless languages exclude many possibilities for reinforcement of gender-related stereotypes, as they still include words with gender-specific meanings (such as "son" and "daughter"), and may include gender distinctions among pronouns (such as "he" and "she"). Austronesian languages Tagalog Tagalog, like most Austronesian languages, is gender-neutral. The third-person pronoun ''siya'' is used for both "he" and "she", as well as "it" in the context of being a neuter gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genderless Language
A genderless language is a natural or constructed language that has no distinctions of grammatical gender—that is, no categories requiring morphological agreement for gender between nouns and associated pronouns, adjectives, articles, or verbs.Yasir Suleiman (ed.) (1999) "Language and Society in the Middle East and North Africa", , Chapter 10: "Gender in a genderless language: The case of Turkish", by Friederike Braun The notion of a "genderless language" is distinct from that of gender-neutral language, which is neutral with regard to natural gender. A discourse in a genderless language need not be gender-neutral (although genderless languages exclude many possibilities for reinforcement of gender-related stereotypes); similarly, a gender-neutral discourse need not take place in a genderless language. Genderless languages do have various means to recognize natural gender, such as gender-specific words (''mother'', ''son'', etc., and distinct pronouns such as ''he'' and ''she' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurocentrism
Eurocentrism (also Eurocentricity or Western-centrism) is a worldview that is centered on Western civilization or a biased view that favors it over non-Western civilizations. The exact scope of Eurocentrism varies from the entire Western world to just the continent of Europe or even more narrowly, to Western Europe (especially during the Cold War). When the term is applied historically, it may be used in reference to an apologetic stance toward European colonialism and other forms of imperialism. The term "Eurocentrism" dates back to the late 1970s but it did not become prevalent until the 1990s, when it was frequently applied in the context of decolonisation and development and humanitarian aid that industrialised countries offered to developing countries. The term has since been used to critique Western narratives of progress, Western scholars who have downplayed and ignored non-Western contributions, and to contrast Western epistemologies with Indigenous ways of knowing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic Languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken, from where they expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Turkish language, Turkish, spoken mainly in Anatolia and the Balkans; its native speakers account for about 38% of all Turkic speakers. Characteristic features such as vowel harmony, agglutination, subject-object-verb order, and lack of grammatical gender, are almost universal within the Turkic family. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility, upon mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Language
Turkish ( , ), also referred to as Turkish of Turkey (''Türkiye Türkçesi''), is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 80 to 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Iraq, Syria, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, the Caucasus, and other parts of Europe and Central Asia. Cyprus has requested the European Union to add Turkish as an official language, even though Turkey is not a member state. Turkish is the 13th most spoken language in the world. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish—the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's Reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman Turkish alphabet was replaced with a Latin alphabet. The distinctive characteristics of the Turk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexism
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primarily to discrimination against women, and primarily affects women. See, for example: * Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex". * Defines sexism as "prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls". Notes that "sexism in a society is most commonly applied against women and girls. It functions to maintain patriarchy, or male domination, through ideological and material practices of individuals, collectives, and institutions that oppress women and girls on the basis of sex or gender." * Notes that Sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women." * Notes that "sexism usually refers to prejudice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rural Exodus
Rural flight (or rural exodus) is the migratory pattern of peoples from rural areas into urban areas. It is urbanization seen from the rural perspective. In industrializing economies like Britain in the eighteenth century or East Asia in the twentieth century, it can occur following the industrialization of primary industries such as agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry—when fewer people are needed to bring the same amount of output to market—and related secondary industries (refining and processing) are consolidated. Rural exodus can also follow an ecological or human-caused catastrophe such as a famine or resource depletion. These are examples of push factors. The same phenomenon can also be brought about simply because of higher wages and educational access available in urban areas; examples of pull factors. Once rural populations fall below a critical mass, the population is too small to support certain businesses, which then also leave or close, in a vicio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocutive Agreement
In linguistics, allocutive agreement (abbreviated or ) refers to a morphological feature in which the gender of an addressee is marked overtly in an utterance using fully grammaticalized markers Trask, L. ''The History of Basque'' Routledge: 1997 even if the addressee is not referred to in the utterance. The term was first used by Louis Lucien Bonaparte in 1862.Bonaparte, L.-L. ''Langue basque et langues finnoises'' (1862) London Basque :''See also Basque verbs: Familiar forms and allocutive indices (hika).'' In Basque, allocutive forms are required in the verb forms of a main clause when the speaker uses the familiar (also called "intimate") pronoun "thou" (as opposed to formal "you"). This is distinct from grammatical gender as it does not involve marking nouns for gender; it is also distinct from gender-specific pronouns, such as English "he/she" or Japanese ("I", used by males) and ("I", used by females). In Basque, allocutive agreement involves the grammatical marki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Verbs
The verb is one of the most complex parts of Basque grammar. It is sometimes represented as a difficult challenge for learners of the language, and many Basque grammars devote most of their pages to lists or tables of verb paradigms. This article does not give a full list of verb forms; its purpose is to explain the nature and structure of the system. Verb stems One of the remarkable characteristics of the Basque verb is the fact that only a very few verbs can be conjugated synthetically (i.e. have morphological finite forms); the rest only have non-finite forms, which can enter into a wide variety of compound tense structures (consisting of a non-finite verb form combined with a finite auxiliary) and are conjugated in this way (periphrastically). For example, 'I come' is ''nator'' (a synthetic finite form), but 'I arrive' is (a periphrastic form, literally 'arriving I-am'). Synthetically conjugated verbs like 'come' can also be conjugated periphrastically (). In some such cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hi Aizan
HI or Hi may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Hello Internet'', a podcast hosted by CGP Grey and Brady Haran * ''Hi'' (magazine), teen-lifestyle publication * "Hi" (Ofra Haza song), a song by Ofra Haza, Israel's entry in the 1983 Eurovision Song Contest * Hi, a character in the comic strip ''Hi and Lois'' * Hi Records, in music, a Memphis soul and rockabilly label * ''Hi'' (album), a 2021 album by Scottish band Texas ** "Hi" (Texas song), the title track * ''Hi'' (EP), a 2006 EP by Psapp * ''Hi~'', a 2015 repackage of South Korean girl group Lovelyz' 2014 album ''Girls' Invasion'' * "Hi", a song from the Xiu Xiu album ''Always'' Language * Hi (cuneiform), a cuneiform sign * Hi (kana), a Japanese written character * Hindi, an Indo-Aryan language (ISO 639-1 language code HI) * ''Hi'', a greeting in the English language similar to ''hello'' Organizations and events * Harlem International Film Festival, an annual five-day film festival * Hostelling International, a federati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singular They
Singular ''they'', along with its inflected or derivative forms, ''them'', ''their'', ''theirs'' and ''themselves'' (or ''themself''), is a gender-neutral third-person pronoun. It typically occurs with an unspecified antecedent, in sentences such as: :"''Somebody'' left ''their'' umbrella in the office. Could you please let ''them'' know where ''they'' can get it?" :"''The patient'' should be told at the outset how much ''they'' will be required to pay." :"But ''a journalist'' should not be forced to reveal ''their'' sources." This use of singular ''they'' had emerged by the 14th century, about a century after the plural ''they''. It has been commonly employed in everyday English ever since and has gained currency in official contexts. Singular ''they'' has been criticised since the mid-18th century by prescriptive commentators who consider it an error. Its continued use in modern standard English has become more common and formally accepted with the move toward gender-neu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
