|
GOLGA2
Golgin subfamily A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GOLGA2'' gene. Function The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. The golgins are a family of proteins, of which the protein encoded by this gene is a member, that are localized to the Golgi. This encoded protein has been postulated to play roles in the stacking of Golgi cisternae and in vesicular transport. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. A patient with a neuromuscular disorder has been identified that is homozygous for a deletion mutation in this gene, and morpholino knockdown in zebrafish ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GORASP1
Golgi reassembly-stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) also known as Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 (GORASP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GORASP1'' gene. Function The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The GRASP65 protein is a peripheral membrane protein anchored to the lipid bilayer through myristoylation of a glycine residue near the protein's amino terminus. It is involved in establishing the stacked structure of the Golgi apparatus and linking the stacks into larger ribbons in vertebrate cells. It is a caspase-3 substrate, and cleavage of this encoded protein contributes to Golgi fragmentation in apoptosis. GRASP65 can form a complex with the Golgi matrix protein GM130, and this complex binds to the vesicle docking protein p115. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been identified, but their full-length natures have not been determined. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GORASP2
Golgi reassembly-stacking protein of 55 k Da (GRASP55) also known as golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 (GORASP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GORASP2'' gene. It was identified by its homology with GRASP65 and the protein's amino acid sequence was determined by analysis of a molecular clone of its complementary DNA. The first ( N-terminus) 212 amino acid residues of GRASP55 are highly homologous to those of GRASP65, but the remainder of the 454 amino acid residues are highly diverged from GRASP65. The conserved region is known as the GRASP domain, and it is conserved among GRASPs of a wide variety of eukaryotes, but not plants. The C-terminus portion of the molecule is called the ''SPR domain'' ( serine, proline-rich). GRASP55 is more closely related to homologues in other species, suggesting that GRASP55 is ancestral to GRASP65. GRASP55 is found associated with the medial and trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. Function GRASP55 is involved in es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAB1A
Ras-related protein Rab-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAB1A'' gene. Interactions RAB1A has been shown to interact with: * CHML, * GOLGA2, * GOLGA5, * MICAL1 * RABAC1 ''RABAC1'' is a gene that in humans encodes the protein Prenylated Rab acceptor 1, also called PRA1, PRAF1, or RABAC1. It is highly conserved in eukaryotes. The protein is localized to Golgi and late endosomes, where it plays a role in vesicular t ..., and * CHM. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{PDB Gallery, geneid=5861 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAB1B
Ras-related protein Rab-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAB1B'' gene. Interactions RAB1B has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with GOLGA2. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Gene-11-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAB2A
Ras-related protein Rab-2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAB2A'' gene. Function Members of the Rab protein family are nontransforming monomeric GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily that contain 4 highly conserved regions involved in GTP binding and hydrolysis. Rabs are prenylated, membrane-bound proteins involved in vesicular fusion and trafficking. The mammalian RAB proteins show striking similarities to the S. cerevisiae YPT1 and SEC4 proteins, Ras-related GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of secretion. upplied by OMIMref name="entrez" /> Interactions RAB2A has been shown to interact with GOLGA2 Golgin subfamily A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GOLGA2'' gene. Function The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homozygous
Zygosity (the noun, zygote, is from the Greek "yoked," from "yoke") () is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence. In other words, it is the degree of similarity of the alleles in an organism. Most eukaryotes have two matching sets of chromosomes; that is, they are diploid. Diploid organisms have the same loci on each of their two sets of homologous chromosomes except that the sequences at these loci may differ between the two chromosomes in a matching pair and that a few chromosomes may be mismatched as part of a chromosomal sex-determination system. If both alleles of a diploid organism are the same, the organism is homozygous at that locus. If they are different, the organism is heterozygous at that locus. If one allele is missing, it is hemizygous, and, if both alleles are missing, it is nullizygous. The DNA sequence of a gene often varies from one individual to another. These gene variants are called alleles. While some gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morpholino
A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression. Its molecular structure contains DNA bases attached to a backbone of methylenemorpholine rings linked through phosphorodiamidate groups. Morpholinos block access of other molecules to small (~25 base) specific sequences of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Morpholinos are used as research tools for reverse genetics by knocking down gene function. This article discusses only the Morpholino antisense oligomers, which are nucleic acid analogs. The word "Morpholino" can occur in other chemical names, referring to chemicals containing a six-membered morpholine ring. To help avoid confusion with other morpholine-containing molecules, when describing oligos "Morpholino" is often capitalized as a trade name, but this usage is not consistent across scienti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene Knockdown
Gene knockdown is an experimental technique by which the expression of one or more of an organism's genes is reduced. The reduction can occur either through genetic modification or by treatment with a reagent such as a short DNA or RNA oligonucleotide that has a sequence complementary to either gene or an mRNA transcript. Versus transient knockdown If a DNA of an organism is genetically modified, the resulting organism is called a "knockdown organism." If the change in gene expression is caused by an oligonucleotide binding to an mRNA or temporarily binding to a gene, this leads to a temporary change in gene expression that does not modify the chromosomal DNA, and the result is referred to as a "transient knockdown". In a transient knockdown, the binding of this oligonucleotide to the active gene or its transcripts causes decreased expression through a variety of processes. Binding can occur either through the blocking of transcription (in the case of gene-binding), the degradati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zebrafish
The zebrafish (''Danio rerio'') is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family ( Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. Native to South Asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio (and thus often called a "tropical fish" although both tropical and subtropical). It is also found in private ponds. The zebrafish is an important and widely used vertebrate model organism in scientific research, for example in drug development, in particular pre-clinical development. It is also notable for its regenerative abilities, and has been modified by researchers to produce many transgenic strains. Taxonomy The zebrafish is a derived member of the genus '' Brachydanio'', of the family Cyprinidae. It has a sister-group relationship with ''Danio aesculapii''. Zebrafish are also closely related to the genus ''Devario'', as demonstrated by a phylogenetic tree of close species. Distribution Range The zebrafish is native to fresh water h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenotypes
In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior. An organism's phenotype results from two basic factors: the expression of an organism's genetic code, or its genotype, and the influence of environmental factors. Both factors may interact, further affecting phenotype. When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species, the species is called polymorphic. A well-documented example of polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring; while the coat color depends on many genes, it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow, black, and brown. Richard Dawkins in 1978 and then again in his 1982 book ''The Extended Phenotype'' suggested that one can regard bird nests and other built structures such as cad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
