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French Ship Ajax (1779)
''Ajax'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Career Built as ''Maréchal de Broglie'' for private owners and transferred to the French East India Company, the ship sailed two journeys to China as a merchantman. In April 1779, she was purchased by the Crown to ferry furnitures to Isle de France (now Mauritius) and be commissioned as a warship upon her arrival. In June, she was coppered, and she received her name of ''Ajax'' on 13 August. On 16 February 1780, under Captain Bouvet de Précourt, ''Ajax'' departed Lorient with ''Protée'', ''Éléphant'' and ''Charmante'', escorting a convoy bound for India. In late February, off Spain, the convoy met Rodney's fleet; ''Protée'' sacrificed herself to hold the British back and was captured on 24, while ''Charmante'' returned to Lorient, arriving on 3 March, and the convoy escaped under the protection of ''Ajax''. Arrived at Isle the France, ''Ajax'' joined Suffren's squadron. At the Battle of Sadras, on 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Kingdom Of France (1814-1830)
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design and colours. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the maritime environment, where semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equivalent to a brigade i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Flamand
The ''Flamand'' was a 56-gun ''Bordelois''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Flanders, and built by engineer Léon Guignace on a design by Antoine Groignard. She took part in Suffren's campaign during the American Revolutionary War. Career Completed too late to serve in the Seven Years' War, ''Flamand'' was offered to the Ottoman Navy, along with her sister-ship ''Ferme''; however the Ottoman were disappointed by the 100,000 piastres they had to pay for the first ship, and declined to purchase a second one. Activated for the American Revolutionary War, ''Flamand'' was assigned to Suffren's squadron in the Indian Ocean. At the Battle of Sadras, on 17 February 1782, Suffren ordered the 64-gun ''Ajax'', under René Joseph Bouvet de Précourt, and ''Flamand'', under Cuverville, to attack the British line to leeward. They both maneuvered to this effect, but then Tromelin, on ''Annibal'', counterm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Héros (1778)
''Héros'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, known mostly for being the flagship of Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez during the Anglo-French War. Career Construction She was built in 1778 at Toulon on a design by Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb. Indian Ocean campaign under Suffren In 1781 she became part of Suffren's force, consisting of the 16-gun corvette ''Fortune'', five ships of the line, eight troopships and a thousand soldiers, all entrusted with carrying the French war effort into the Indian Ocean. The other warships were one other 74 gun ship ('' Annibal'') and three 64-gun ships ( ''Vengeur'', ''Sphinx'', and '' Artésien''). Suffren had been allowed to choose his officers and non-commissioned officers and so these were mainly from Provence, despite the fact that the force set off from Brest. There were around ten men per gun, making a total crew of 712. On 22 March 1781 the force sailed for the South Atlantic and on 16 April it met a forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganjam
Ganjam is a town and a notified area council in Ganjam district in the state of Odisha, India. Brahmapur, one of the major city of Odisha is situated in this district. Geography Ganjam is located at in the Ganjam district of Odisha with an elevation of 3 metres (9 feet). Ganjam's mineral-rich coast line extends over 60 km. It provides opportunities for fishing and port facility at Gopalpur for international trade. The rivers like Rushikulya, Dhanei, Bahuda, Ghoda Hada are the source of agriculture and power sectors of the town. Economic wise, Ganjam is a sub industrial town. The Chilika Lake, which attracts tourists, is known for its scenery and a bird sanctuary is situated in the eastern part of district, near the City of Ganjam. Ganjam shares its boundary with Andhra Pradesh. A mix of moist peninsular high and low level Sal forests, tropical moist and dry deciduous and tropical deciduous forest types provide a wide range of forest products and unique lifestyle to wild li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Coventry (1757)
HMS ''Coventry'' was a 28-gun sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy, launched in 1757 and in active service as a privateer hunter during the Seven Years' War, and as part of the British fleet in India during the Anglo-French War. After seventeen years' in British service she was captured by the French in 1783, off Ganjam in the Bay of Bengal. Thereafter she spent two years as part of the French Navy until January 1785 when she was removed from service at the port of Brest. She was broken up in 1786. Design Sir Thomas Slade designed ''Coventry'' "to the draught of the ''Tartar'' with such alterations withinboard as may be judged necessary", making her a further development of . A further twelve ships were built to the draught of ''Coventry'' between 1756 and 1763, as well as another five to a modified version of fir (pine) construction. The vessel was named after the city of Coventry in England's West Midlands. In selecting her name the Board of Admiralty continued a traditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Fine (1779)
''Fine'' was a ''Sybille'' class 32-gun, copper-hulled, frigate of the French Navy. Career On 4 December 1778, ''Fine'' departed Brest under Lieutenant Saint-Félix, bound for the Cape of Good Hope and ultimately for Isle de France (Mauritius), carrying ,. Indian Ocean campaign of the American Revolutionary War On 16 April 1781, she was part of Suffren's squadron at the Battle of Porto Praya, although she did not take part in the action. She took part in several actions in the Indian Ocean. In November 1781, Captain Périer de Salvert took command. ''Fine'' was part of the French frigate screen at the Battle of Providien, where she collided with before unentangling herself, then ran aground, then caught fire, but managed to save herself. In June, ''Fine'' captured the 24-gun storeship ''Yarmouth'', carrying rice, field artillery and nine Army officers. On 23 June, ''Fine'' captured the East Indianman ''Fortitude''. When the French captured her they freed some eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beaumont Le Maître
Beaumont le Maître was a French Navy officer. He fought in the Indian Ocean under Suffren during the War of American Independence, notably captaining the 64-gun ''Ajax'' at the Battle of Trincomalee from 25 August to 3 September 1782 and ''Saint Michel'' at the Battle of Cuddalore on 20 June 1783. Biography Born the family of a gally captain, Beaumont le Maître joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 12 January 1766. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 13 March 1779. With the outbreak of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, France and the Dutch Republic found themselves allied against the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Dutch expected the British to send an expeditionary force to try and capture their Dutch Cape Colony, and Suffren was given command of a 5-ship squadron to reinforce it. Beaumont le Maître was a Lieutenant on the 64-gun ''Vengeur'', under Forbin). After the Battle of Negapatam of 6 July 1782, Suffren replaced four of his captain, among whom the ailing and possibly senil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Negapatam (1782)
The Battle of Negapatam was the third in a series of battles fought between a British fleet, under Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes, and a French fleet, under the Bailli de Suffren, off the coast of India during the American Revolutionary War. The battle was fought on 6 July 1782. Castex (2004), pp. 269–272 Though the battle was indecisive, Suffren was stopped in his goal by Hughes and withdrew to Cuddalore, while the British remained in control of Negapatam. Background France had entered the American Revolutionary War in 1778, and Britain declared war on the Dutch Republic in late 1780, after the Dutch refused to stop trading in military supplies with the French and the Americans. The British had rapidly gained control over most French and Dutch outposts in India when news of these events reached India, spawning the Second Anglo-Mysore War in the process. Negapatam was besieged and taken by Sir Hector Munro in November 1781. The French admiral the Bailli de Suffren was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Brillant (1774)
''Brillant'' was a 64-gun ''Solitaire''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. Career ''Brillant'' served in Suffren's campaign in the Indian Ocean, taking part in the Battle of Cuddalore. She was the main unit of the French force that drove away Commodore Vernon's squadron at the Siege of Pondicherry on 10 August 1779, and distinguished herself at the Battle of Sadras. She was present at the battles of Negapatam under Captain Armand de Saint-Félix. In July 1782, in the wake of the Battle of Negapatam, Suffren transferred Saint-Félix to ''Artésien'' and replaced him with Jean André de Pas de Beaulieu, of ''Bellone''. The frigate ''Pourvoyeuse'' had to give her mainmast to replace that of ''Brillant'', receiving herself that of ''Fortitude''. In the reshuffling of Suffren's captains in July, his nephew Pierrevert had been given command of ''Bellone'', but shortly afterwards Pierrevert was killed in the action of 12 August 1782. Consequently, Suffren returne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armand De Saint-Félix
Armand de Saint-Félix (20 September 1737 – 13 August 1819) was a French Navy officer and admiral. Biography Saint-Félix joined the Navy in 1755. he served on the 16-gun ''Calypso'', where he took part in the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November 1759. In 1762, he was promoted to Ensign. In 1771, he was appointed to command the corvette ''Heure de Berger'' and appointed to conduct an exploration voyage to seek the Phantom island of Juan de Lisboa. Promoted to Lieutenant in 1772, he brought Maurice Benyovszky to Madagascar for an attempt at founding a trading post. War of American Independence During the War of American Independence, Saint-Félix served on ''Solitaire'' and took part in the Battle of Ushant. He then transferred onto ''Protée'', and was taken prisoner when she was captured in the action of 24 February 1780. Promoted to Captain in 1781, he was appointed to the frigate ''Fine'' and sailed to Isle de France (Mauritius). He took command of the 64-gun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Line Of Battle
The line of battle is a tactic in naval warfare in which a fleet of ships forms a line end to end. The first example of its use as a tactic is disputed—it has been variously claimed for dates ranging from 1502 to 1652. Line-of-battle tactics were in widespread use by 1675. Compared with prior naval tactics, in which two opposing ships closed on one another for individual combat, the line of battle has the advantage that each ship in the line can fire its broadside without fear of hitting a friendly ship. This means that in a given period, the fleet can fire more shots. Another advantage is that a relative movement of the line in relation to some part of the enemy fleet allows for a systematic concentration of fire on that part. The other fleet can avoid this by manoeuvring in a line itself, with a result typical for sea battles since 1675: two fleets sail alongside one another (or on the opposite tack). Early development The first recorded mention of the use of a line of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Annibal (1778)
''Annibal'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. She was designed by Jacques-Noël Sané, and was one of the earliest of his works. She was built at Brest in 1778. Career American theatre in the War of American Independence ''Annibal'' sailed out to the West Indies and took part in the Battle of Grenada under Lamotte-Picquet. In the Battle of Martinique, on 18 December 1779, ''Annibal'' single-handedly engaged seven ships of the line to protect a convoy, and withdrew without anyone being killed aboard. ''Annibal'' later took part in the action of 20 March 1780. Indian theatre in the War of American Independence She was then sent out to the East Indies under Suffren. ''Fortune'' and ''Annibal'' were the only two ships in the squadron not to have a copper sheathing. At the Battle of Porto Praya, her captain, Achille de Trémigon, failed to understand Suffren's intentions to illegally attack the British fleet without consideratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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