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French Ship Héros (1778)
''Héros'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, known mostly for being the flagship of Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez during the Anglo-French War. Career Construction She was built in 1778 at Toulon on a design by Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb. Indian Ocean campaign under Suffren In 1781 she became part of Suffren's force, consisting of the 16-gun corvette ''Fortune'', five ships of the line, eight troopships and a thousand soldiers, all entrusted with carrying the French war effort into the Indian Ocean. The other warships were one other 74 gun ship ('' Annibal'') and three 64-gun ships ( ''Vengeur'', ''Sphinx'', and '' Artésien''). Suffren had been allowed to choose his officers and non-commissioned officers and so these were mainly from Provence, despite the fact that the force set off from Brest. There were around ten men per gun, making a total crew of 712. On 22 March 1781 the force sailed for the South Atlantic and on 16 April it met a forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Museum Of Fine Arts, Boston
The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA) is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works of art, making it one of the most comprehensive collections in the Americas. With more than 1.2 million visitors a year, it is the 52nd–most visited art museum in the world . Founded in 1870 in Copley Square, the museum moved to its current Fenway location in 1909. It is affiliated with the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts. History 1870–1907 The Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1870 and was initially located on the top floor of the Boston Athenaeum. Most of its initial collection came from the Athenæum's Art Gallery. Francis Davis Millet, a local artist, was instrumental in starting the art school affiliated with the museum, and in appointing Emil Otto Grundmann as its first director. In 1876, the museum moved to a h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brest, France
Brest (; ) is a port city in the Finistère department, Brittany. Located in a sheltered bay not far from the western tip of the peninsula, and the western extremity of metropolitan France, Brest is an important harbour and the second French military port after Toulon. The city is located on the western edge of continental France. With 142,722 inhabitants in a 2007 census, Brest forms Western Brittany's largest metropolitan area (with a population of 300,300 in total), ranking third behind only Nantes and Rennes in the whole of historic Brittany, and the 19th most populous city in France; moreover, Brest provides services to the one million inhabitants of Western Brittany. Although Brest is by far the largest city in Finistère, the ''préfecture'' (regional capital) of the department is the much smaller Quimper. During the Middle Ages, the history of Brest was the history of its castle. Then Richelieu made it a military harbour in 1631. Brest grew around its arsenal unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Corvette Subtile (1777)
''Subtile'' was a 24-gun corvette of the French Navy Career From 1777 to 1778, she was under Lieutenant Bidé de Maurville. During the War of American Independence, ''Subtile'' served in the Indian Ocean in a squadron under Rear-Admiral Thomas d'Estienne d'Orves. Lieutenant Périer de Salvert was in command from 13 September 1780 to 1 November. On 9 February 1782, Estienne d'Orves died and Suffren assumed command of the squadron. He re-appointed his captains and gave Tromelin de La Nuguy command of ''Subtile''. She took part in the Battle of Negapatam under Huon de Kermadec on 6 July 1782. In the year 1787, she sailed for a cruise to China with ''Résolution'' (under Bruni d'Entrecasteaux Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni, chevalier d'Entrecasteaux () (8 November 1737 – 21 July 1793) was a French naval officer, explorer and colonial governor. He is perhaps best known for his exploration of the Australian coast in 1792, while ...), arriving on 7 February 1787, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Bellone (1778)
''Bellone'' was an 32-gun frigate of the French Navy on plans by Léon-Michel Guignace. She took part in the American Revolutionary War in the Indian Ocean with the squadron under Suffren, and later in the French Revolutionary Wars. She was present at the Glorious First of June. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1798 and commissioned her as HMS ''Proserpine''. She never went to sea and was broken up in 1806. French service In January 1780, ''Bellone'' received copper sheathing. Operations off America On 2 May 1780, she departed Brest with the 7-ship and 3-frigate Expédition Particulière under Admiral Ternay, escorting 36 transports carrying troops to support the Continental Army in the War of American Independence. The squadron comprised the 80-gun ''Duc de Bourgogne'', under Ternay d'Arsac (admiral) and Médine (flag captain); the 74-gun ''Neptune'', under Sochet Des Touches, and ''Conquérant'', under La Grandière; and the 64-gun ''Provence'' under Lom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Fine (1779)
''Fine'' was a ''Sybille'' class 32-gun, copper-hulled, frigate of the French Navy. Career On 4 December 1778, ''Fine'' departed Brest under Lieutenant Saint-Félix, bound for the Cape of Good Hope and ultimately for Isle de France (Mauritius), carrying ,. Indian Ocean campaign of the American Revolutionary War On 16 April 1781, she was part of Suffren's squadron at the Battle of Porto Praya, although she did not take part in the action. She took part in several actions in the Indian Ocean. In November 1781, Captain Périer de Salvert took command. ''Fine'' was part of the French frigate screen at the Battle of Providien, where she collided with before unentangling herself, then ran aground, then caught fire, but managed to save herself. In June, ''Fine'' captured the 24-gun storeship ''Yarmouth'', carrying rice, field artillery and nine Army officers. On 23 June, ''Fine'' captured the East Indianman ''Fortitude''. When the French captured her they freed some eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Pourvoyeuse (1772)
The ''Pourvoyeuse'' was a 40-gun frigate of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. She is notable as one of the earliest attempts at building a frigate armed with 24-pounders on the artillery deck, rather than the 18-pounders typical of the day. Career Launched at Lorient in November 1772, ''Pourvoyeuse'' was completed during the following year. During the American Revolutionary War, she took part in the Indian campaign of the naval operations, notable in the Siege of Pondicherry. At the outbreak of the war, ''Pourvoyeuse'', under Captain Saint-Orens, constituted the brunt of the French naval forces at Pondicherry, along with the 64-gun , under Captain François-Jean-Baptiste l'Ollivier de Tronjoli, whose departure for France had been delayed in response to the British preparations for war. On 21 February 1779, under Captain de Tromelin,Unienville (2004), p.260. she captured the East Indiaman .Roche indicates 21 February 1778 for the date of the capture of the ''Os ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Flamand
The ''Flamand'' was a 56-gun ''Bordelois''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Flanders, and built by engineer Léon Guignace on a design by Antoine Groignard. She took part in Suffren's campaign during the American Revolutionary War. Career Completed too late to serve in the Seven Years' War, ''Flamand'' was offered to the Ottoman Navy, along with her sister-ship ''Ferme''; however the Ottoman were disappointed by the 100,000 piastres they had to pay for the first ship, and declined to purchase a second one. Activated for the American Revolutionary War, ''Flamand'' was assigned to Suffren's squadron in the Indian Ocean. At the Battle of Sadras, on 17 February 1782, Suffren ordered the 64-gun ''Ajax'', under René Joseph Bouvet de Précourt, and ''Flamand'', under Cuverville, to attack the British line to leeward. They both maneuvered to this effect, but then Tromelin, on ''Annibal'', counterm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Brillant (1774)
''Brillant'' was a 64-gun ''Solitaire''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. Career ''Brillant'' served in Suffren's campaign in the Indian Ocean, taking part in the Battle of Cuddalore. She was the main unit of the French force that drove away Commodore Vernon's squadron at the Siege of Pondicherry on 10 August 1779, and distinguished herself at the Battle of Sadras. She was present at the battles of Negapatam under Captain Armand de Saint-Félix. In July 1782, in the wake of the Battle of Negapatam, Suffren transferred Saint-Félix to ''Artésien'' and replaced him with Jean André de Pas de Beaulieu, of ''Bellone''. The frigate ''Pourvoyeuse'' had to give her mainmast to replace that of ''Brillant'', receiving herself that of ''Fortitude''. In the reshuffling of Suffren's captains in July, his nephew Pierrevert had been given command of ''Bellone'', but shortly afterwards Pierrevert was killed in the action of 12 August 1782. Consequently, Suffren returne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Ajax (1779)
''Ajax'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Career Built as ''Maréchal de Broglie'' for private owners and transferred to the French East India Company, the ship sailed two journeys to China as a merchantman. In April 1779, she was purchased by the Crown to ferry furnitures to Isle de France (now Mauritius) and be commissioned as a warship upon her arrival. In June, she was coppered, and she received her name of ''Ajax'' on 13 August. On 16 February 1780, under Captain Bouvet de Précourt, ''Ajax'' departed Lorient with ''Protée'', ''Éléphant'' and ''Charmante'', escorting a convoy bound for India. In late February, off Spain, the convoy met Rodney's fleet; ''Protée'' sacrificed herself to hold the British back and was captured on 24, while ''Charmante'' returned to Lorient, arriving on 3 March, and the convoy escaped under the protection of ''Ajax''. Arrived at Isle the France, ''Ajax'' joined Suffren's squadron. At the Battle of Sadras, on 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Bizarre (1751)
''Bizarre'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She was present at two major battles, and was wrecked in 1782. Career Built on a design by François Coulomb, ''Bizarre'' entered service in 1753. She took part in the Seven Years' War, notably attacking an English convoy off Ireland on 10 October 1758, along with the 28-gun corvette ''Mignonne''. Together they captured 44 merchantmen as well as the convoy's escort . In 1777, she was under Louis Augustin de Monteclerc. She was activated for the American Revolutionary War under Captain La Landelle-Roscanvec and appointed to Suffren's squadron in the Indian Ocean. She was present at the Battle of Negapatam in 1782, although she did not take part in the action. She was also at the Battle of Trincomalee. After the Battle of Trincomalee A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Sévère (1778)
''Sévère'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Career Built as an Indiaman by Roth on the lines of a previous ship, ''Superbe'', that had been sold to the Austrian East India Company, ''Sévère'' was purchased by the Crown in November 1778 and commissioned for the American Revolutionary War. She was incorporated into Suffren's squadron. She took part in the Battle of Negapatam in 1782, under Captain Villeneuve-Cillart; during the battle, Cillart panicked and attempted to strike, but was prevented from doing so by officers Dieu and Kerlero de Rosbo. ''Sévère'' ended up causing damage to HMS ''Sultan''. In July 1782, in the wake of the Battle of Negapatam, Suffren relieved Cillart from duty and sent him to France to be Court-martialled, replacing him with Lieutenant Maurville de Langle. Maureville de Langle then captained ''Sévère'' during the Battle of Trincomalee between 25 August and 3 September 1782, and during the Battle of Cuddalore on 20 June ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Orient (1756)
''Orient'' was an 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, built by Antoine Groignard. Career ''Orient'' was built in Lorient for the French East India Company by Antoine Groignard, from April 1756 to August 1759. The French Royal Navy purchased her in May 1759. Originally intended as a 80-gun, she was reduced to a 74-gun in early 1766. On 14 November 1759, under Captain Guébriant, ''Orient'' was part of a 20-ship fleet under Hubert de Brienne attempting invasion of Cornwall. She took part in the subsequent Battle of Quiberon Bay. ''Orient'' underwent a refit in Brest in 1766, and again from 1777 to April 1778. The same year, with the outbreak of the Anglo-French War, she took part in the Battle of Ushant. On 28 December 1778, under Thomas d'Estienne d'Orves, she sailed from Brest to reinforce the French colony of Isle de France (Mauritius) arriving in September 1779, her crew suffering from scurvy. In 1779, she captured the British privateer ''Vigilant'' of Bristo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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