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Frederich Silaban
Friedrich Silaban (16 December 1912 – 14 May 1984) was an Indonesian architect. His most well-known designs, such as the Istiqlal Mosque and the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta, were commissioned during the presidency of Sukarno. Silaban preferred architectural modernism over traditional Indonesian styles. Early life and education Silaban was born on 16 December 1912 in the village of , today in Samosir Regency, as the fifth child of a Batak Protestant Christian Church pastor, Rev. Jonas Silaban. He completed his basic education in Tapanuli, graduating in 1927 before moving to Batavia to attend the ''Koningin Wilhelmina School'', where he studied building design and construction. He graduated from there in 1931. Career After graduating, Silaban began working under Dutch architect J.H. Antonisse who had moved to Batavia in 1914, and between 1931 to 1937 Silaban worked on drawings for public works projects in Batavia. He was then reassigned to Pontianak, where in 1938 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samosir Regency
Resort in Ambarita, Samosir Regency Batak Toba House in Simanindo, Samosir Regency Tomok Market, Samosir Regency Samosir Regency is a regency in North Sumatra. The regency covers an area of 1,444.25 square kilometres and it had a population of 119,653 at the 2010 census and 136,441 at the 2020 Census. Its seat is the town of Pangururan. Administrative districts The regency is divided administratively into nine districts (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and the 2020 Census. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (''desa'' and ''kelurahan'') in each district and its post code. Six of the nine districts (''kecamatan'') within the regency are on the island of Samosir (which lies within Lake Toba Lake Toba ( id, Danau Toba) ( Toba Batak: ᯖᯀᯬ ᯖᯬᯅ; romanized: ''Tao Toba'') is a large natural la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapanoeli Residency
Tapanoeli Residency ( nl, Residentie Tapanoeli) was an administrative subdivision of the Dutch East Indies with its capital in Sibolga. It was located in northern Sumatra and existed in various forms from 1844 until the end of Dutch rule in 1942. The area it encompassed at various times corresponds to most of the western coast of the current day Indonesian province of North Sumatra and parts of Aceh, including much of the traditional heartland of Batak people (called in their language ). Lake Toba, a historically important crater lake, was also within the borders of the Residency. History The land that became Tapanoeli Residency had been previously essentially independent. The Dutch East India Company as well as the British started to establish posts along the Western coast of Sumatra during that time; the British even established a fort at Tapanuli in 1752. The Dutch expanded into Sumatra more aggressively into the 1820s and 1830s; the region that became Tapanoeli Residency had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestant
Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to be growing Criticism of the Catholic Church, errors, abuses, and discrepancies within it. Protestantism emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone (') rather than by a combination of faith with good works as in Catholicism; the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by Grace in Christianity, divine grace or "unmerited favor" only ('); the Universal priesthood, priesthood of all faithful believers in the Church; and the ''sola scriptura'' ("scripture alone") that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. Most Protestants, with the exception of Anglo-Papalism, reject the Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery
The National Main Heroes Cemetery in Kalibata ( id, Taman Makam Pahlawan Nasional Utama, Kalibata, colloquially known as Kalibata Heroes Cemetery ( id, Taman Makam Pahlawan Kalibata, or ''TMP Kalibata'') is a military cemetery in Kalibata, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It was built in 1953 and opened on 10 November 1954. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie was the first Indonesian President to be buried on the cemetery following his death on 11 September 2019. Former Indonesian foreign minister Agus Salim, who died 6 days before the cemetery was opened, was the first senior politician buried in the cemetery. There were also 121 bodies moved from Heroes Cemetery in Ancol. More than 7,000 military casualties and veterans from Indonesian War of Independence are buried there. This includes many veterans of the Imperial Japanese Army who stayed in the Dutch colony after World War II of their own free will and fought for Indonesian independence. Burial criteria Act No. 20 of 2009, which regulate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire State Building
The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and built from 1930 to 1931. Its name is derived from "Empire State", the nickname of the state of New York. The building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna. The Empire State Building was the world's tallest building until the World Trade Center was constructed in 1970; following the collapse of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building was New York City's tallest building until it was surpassed in 2012. , the building is the seventh-tallest building in New York City, the ninth-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States, the 54th-tallest in the world, and the sixth-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. The site of the Empire State Building, in Midtown South on the west side of Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets, was developed in 1893 as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower ( ; french: links=yes, tour Eiffel ) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Locally nicknamed "''La dame de fer''" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world: 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. It was designated a '' monument historique'' in 1964, and was named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site ("Paris, Banks of the Seine") in 1991. The tower is tall, about the same height as an 81- building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring on each sid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the City Region of Amsterdam, urban area and 2,480,394 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Located in the Provinces of the Netherlands, Dutch province of North Holland, Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the "Venice of the North", for its large number of canals, now designated a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site. Amsterdam was founded at the mouth of the Amstel River that was dammed to control flooding; the city's name derives from the Amstel dam. Originally a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became a major world port during the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century, when the Netherlands was an economic powerhouse. Amsterdam is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogor
Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide. Estimasi Penduduk Menurut Umur Tunggal Dan Jenis Kelamin 2014 Kementerian Kesehatan The city covers an area of 118.50 km2, and it had a population of 950,334 in the 2010 Census and 1,043,070 in the 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The official estimate for mid 2022 is 1,099,422. Bogor is an important economic, scientific, cultural, and tourist center, as well as a mountain resort. During the |
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution, or the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during Aftermath of WWII, postwar and Dutch East Indies#World War II and independence, postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesian Declaration of Independence, Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949. The four-year struggle involved sporadic but bloody armed conflict, internal Indonesian political and communal upheavals, and two major international diplomatic interventions. Dutch military forces (and, for a while, the forces of the World War II Allies, World War II allies) were able to control the major towns, cities and industrial assets in Republican heartlands on Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East Indies Campaign
The Dutch East Indies campaign of 1941–1942 was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces from the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Forces from the Allies attempted unsuccessfully to defend the islands. The East Indies were targeted by the Japanese for their rich oil resources which would become a vital asset during the war. The campaign and subsequent three and a half year Japanese occupation was also a major factor in the end of Dutch colonial rule in the region. Background The East Indies was one of Japan's primary targets if and when it went to war because the colony possessed abundant valuable resources, the most important of which were its rubber plantations and oil fields; the colony was the fourth-largest exporter of oil in the world, behind the U.S., Iran, and Romania. The oil made the islands enormously important to the Japanese, so they sought to secure the supply for themselves. They sent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equator Monument
The Equator Monument ( id, Tugu Khatulistiwa) is located on the equator in Pontianak, Indonesia, Pontianak, Indonesia. It marks the division between the Northern hemisphere, northern and southern hemispheres. History *First monument built in 1928 by a Netherlands, Dutch geographer. *1930 completed, in form of bollard radially and dart. *1938 rebuilt with completion by architect Friedrich Silaban. The original monument is still visible in the interior. *1990 renovated with the addition of a dome to protect the original monument and also making of duplicate of monument of the size five times bigger than its original size. * Its grand opening on September 21, 1991. Construction The monument consists of four ironwood poles, each with a diameter of about 0,30 metres, with frontage bollard height is two pieces as high as 3,05 radian place backside bollard and the signpost dart as high as 4,40 metres. Location Its location is in ''Jalan Khatulistiwa,'' literally translated into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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