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Franz Michael Felder
Franz Michael Felder (May 13, 1839 – April 26, 1869) was a social reformer, author and farmer from Vorarlberg (Austria). Life Born in Schoppernau, Vorarlberg Franz Michael Felder grew up in very simple mountain farming circumstances. Having lost his father early on, he and his mother eked out a meagre existence on the small family farm. Felder was faced with a series of fateful setbacks (including the loss of vision in one eye as a result of medical malpractice). During his short life he was astonishingly productive and left behind a rich legacy of social projects and literary works. Already in his younger years he became critically aware of the two main social and economic evils facing the farmers of the Bregenzerwald: Their abject dependence on those who controlled the sales and pricing of dairy products – specifically cheese products – and the ideological conditioning of a church bent on keeping its parishioners uneducated. His socially critical novels and stor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Hecht
Wilhelm Hecht (28 March 1843 – early March 1920) was a German wood engraver and etcher. Biography Hecht was born in Ansbach, Bavaria. He studied the art of wood engraving with the printmaker Döring in Nuremberg from 1857 to 1859, continued his education in larger studios in Leipzig, Berlin and Stuttgart, and in 1868 opened his own studio in Munich. In 1885 he was called to Vienna to head the newly founded xylographic department of the :de:k.u.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, k.u.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei (Imperial and Royal State Printing Office). At the same time, he was made professor for wood engraving at the School for Applied Arts (''Kunstgewerbeschule''), now the Universität für angewandte Kunst Wien (University of Applied Arts Vienna). He retired to Graz, then to Munich, and in 1912 to Linz, where he died. Hecht applied his talent and skills particularly to copy-engraving. He was assigned by the Society for Reproducing Art (''Gesellschaft für vervielfältigende Kun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schoppernau
Schoppernau is a town in the Bregenzerwald Region (Bregenz district) of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Schoppernau has an area of 47.64 km2. Population History Until the 10th century, Schoppernau seems to have been pristine forest. Schoppernau and Au were the last villages to be settled in the Bregenzerwald. Early on, the land in and around Schoppernau was probably used primarily as pastureland for sheep. The surrounding terrain was probably used as pastureland for sheep, as the name ("Schappernouw" = Schafau = sheep meadow or mead) indicates. The neighboring village of Au showed similar developments. Coat of arms The Schoppernau coat of arms has been in use since 12 March 1930. It is red with a bronze frame, showing a silver mountain summit in the background. In the middle there is a green uprooted spruce, with two silver cow bells to the left and right. Culture Schoppernau is part of the Bregenzerwald Umgang (literally "Bregenzerwald Walking Tour"). This walking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Reformer
A reform movement or reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes. United Kingdom After two decades of intensely conservative rule, the logjam broke in the late 1820s with the repeal of obsolete restrictions on Nonconformists, followed by the dram ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vorarlberg
Vorarlberg ( , ; gsw, label=Vorarlbergisch, Vorarlbearg, , or ) is the westernmost States of Austria, state () of Austria. It has the second-smallest geographical area after Vienna and, although it also has the second-smallest population, it is the state with the second-highest population density (also after Vienna). It borders three countries: Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg via Lake Constance), Switzerland (Grisons and Canton of St. Gallen, St. Gallen), and Liechtenstein. The only Austrian state that shares a border with Vorarlberg is Tyrol (state), Tyrol, to the east. The capital of Vorarlberg is Bregenz (29,698 inhabitants), although Dornbirn (49,845 inhabitants) and Feldkirch, Vorarlberg, Feldkirch (34,192 inhabitants) have List of cities and towns in Austria, larger populations. Vorarlberg is also the only state in Austria in which the local dialect is not Austro-Bavarian dialects, Austro-Bavarian, but rather an Alemannic dialects, Alemannic dialect; it therefore ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. A landlocked country, Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of and has a population of 9 million. Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeremias Gotthelf
Albert Bitzius (4 October 179722 October 1854) was a Swiss novelist; best known by his pen name of Jeremias Gotthelf. Biography Bitzius was born at Murten, where his father was pastor. The Bitzius family had once belonged to the Bernese patriciate, but was known for its craftsmen and pastors since the 17th century. In 1804, the family home was moved to Utzenstorf, a village in the Bernese Emmental. Here young Bitzius grew up, receiving his early education and consorting with the boys of the village, as well as helping his father to cultivate his glebe. In 1812 he went to complete his education at Bern. He was a founding member of the Student Society Zofingia, the second-oldest fraternity in Switzerland (founded in 1819). In 1820 he was received as a pastor. In 1821 he enrolled for a year at the University of Göttingen, but returned home in 1822 to act as his father's assistant. On his father's death (1824) he went in the same capacity to Herzogenbuchsee, and later to Bern (18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heretic
Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, in particular the accepted beliefs of a church or religious organization. The term is usually used in reference to violations of important religious teachings, but is also used of views strongly opposed to any generally accepted ideas. A heretic is a proponent of heresy. The term is used particularly in reference to Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In certain historical Christian, Muslim, and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been (and in some cases still is) met with censure ranging from excommunication to the death penalty. Heresy is distinct from apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause; and from blasphemy, which is an impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things. Heresiology is the study of heresy. Etymology Derived from Ancient Greek ''haíresis'' (), the English ''heresy'' originall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freemason
Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of two main recognition groups: * Regular Freemasonry insists that a volume of scripture be open in a working lodge, that every member profess belief in a Supreme Being, that no women be admitted, and that the discussion of religion and politics be banned. * Continental Freemasonry consists of the jurisdictions that have removed some, or all, of these restrictions. The basic, local organisational unit of Freemasonry is the Lodge. These private Lodges are usually supervised at the regional level (usually coterminous with a state, province, or national border) by a Grand Lodge or Grand Orient. There is no international, worldwide Grand Lodge that supervises all of Freemasonry; each Grand Lod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antichrist
In Christian eschatology, the Antichrist refers to people prophesied by the Bible to oppose Jesus Christ and substitute themselves in Christ's place before the Second Coming. The term Antichrist (including one plural form) 1 John ; . 2 John . is found five times in the New Testament, solely in the First and Second Epistle of John. The Antichrist is announced as the one "who denies the Father and the Son." The similar term ''pseudokhristos'' or "false Christ" is also found in the Gospels. In Matthew (chapter 24) and Mark (chapter 13), Jesus alerts his disciples not to be deceived by the false prophets, who will claim themselves as being Christ, performing "great signs and wonders". Three other images often associated with the singular Antichrist are the "little horn" in Daniel's final vision, the "man of sin" in Paul the Apostle's Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, and the Beast of the Sea in the Book of Revelation. Etymology ''Antichrist'' is translated from the combin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1839 Births
Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the daguerreotype photography process. * January 19 – British forces capture Aden. * January 20 – Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, leading to the restoration of an independent Peru. * January – The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson. * February 11 – The University of Missouri is established, becoming the first public university west of the Mississippi River. * February 24 – William Otis receives a patent for the steam shovel. * March 5 – Longwood University is founded in Farmville, Virginia. * March 7 – Baltimore City College, the third public high school in the United States, is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1869 Deaths
Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress. * January 21 – The P.E.O. Sisterhood, a philanthropic educational organization for women, is founded at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa. * January 27 – The Republic of Ezo is proclaimed on the northern Japanese island of Ezo (which will be renamed Hokkaidō on September 20) by remaining adherents to the Tokugawa shogunate. * February 5 – Prospectors in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia, discover the largest alluvial gold nugget ever found, known as the "Welcome Stranger". * February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized. * February 25 – The Iron and Steel Institute is formed in London. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
