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Finnish Missionary Society
The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission (''FELM'', formerly ''The Finnish Missionary Society''; fi, Suomen Lähetysseura ry; sv, Finska Missionssällskapet rf) is a Lutheran missionary society formed on January 19, 1859, in Helsinki, Finland. It is one of seven organisations of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF) that conduct missionary work. Its first deployments outside Finland were made to Ovamboland, an area that today is cut by the Angola-Namibian border. History The FMS was organized by K. J. G. Sirelius, who first worked as the society’s secretary and during 1864–1872 as its first mission director. The FMS mission school was also founded during his term. The first missionaries from this society graduated in 1868 and were deployed to the Ovambo area in southern Africa that was later separated by colonial borders into southern Angola and northern South West Africa, today Namibia, in 1870. There they established the mission station at Omandongo, toda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ullanlinna
(; sv, Ulrikasborg) is a city district of Helsinki, in Finland. The name ''Ullanlinna'' ( en, "Ulla's Castle") refers to the fortification line that was built at the southern edge of the area during the 18th century (no longer visible), as part of the town fortifications, which also included the fortress of . The name refers to the Swedish Queen Ulrika Eleonora (1688–1741). During the 19th century the area was dominated by summer pavilions owned by the wealthy Helsinki middle-classes. The appearance of the area changed gradually at the end of the 19th century as the wooden houses were replaced with much higher stone buildings, designed in the prevailing architectural style synonymous with National Romanticism. The central part of Ullanlinna is marked by the park ( en, Observatory Park), at the centre of which is the former observatory, designed by Carl Ludvig Engel in 1825 in the Neoclassical style of architecture. Other notable buildings in the district are the Design M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ondonga
Ondonga is a traditional kingdom of the Ovambo people in what is today northern Namibia. Its capital is Ondangwa, and the kingdom's palace is at Onambango. Its people call themselves ''Aandonga''. They speak the Ndonga dialect. The Ondonga kingdom is ruled by an ''Omukwaniilwa'' (king), assisted by a council of elders, the Ondonga Traditional Authority. After the death of king Immanuel Kauluma Elifas in March 2019, Fillemon Shuumbwa Nangolo was appointed as successor and subsequently recognised by government. In Ondonga the cultural heritage cannot be separated from the landscape around them. Landmarks such as trees or oshanas can be important heritage sites because of the stories that are associated with them. As in other Owambo kingdoms, the most important heritage sites were the places where their ancestral leaders were buried. Succession rules The king's succession is matrilinear. Both king and queen are to marry outside the royal family. The first in line to the throne is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission
The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission (''FELM'', formerly ''The Finnish Missionary Society''; fi, Suomen Lähetysseura ry; sv, Finska Missionssällskapet rf) is a Lutheran missionary society formed on January 19, 1859, in Helsinki, Finland. It is one of seven organisations of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF) that conduct missionary work. Its first deployments outside Finland were made to Ovamboland, an area that today is cut by the Angola-Namibian border. History The FMS was organized by K. J. G. Sirelius, who first worked as the society’s secretary and during 1864–1872 as its first mission director. The FMS mission school was also founded during his term. The first missionaries from this society graduated in 1868 and were deployed to the Ovambo people, Ovambo area in southern Africa that was later separated by colonial borders into southern Angola and northern South West Africa, today Namibia, in 1870. There they established the mission station at Oma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Finnish Dormitory In Taichung
The Finnish dormitory in Taichung, Taiwan, was a facility that was run by the Finnish Missionary Society in Taichung during the years 1968–1997. From 1973 on the dormitory was located within the campus of Morrison Academy. This dormitory was the subject of a master's thesis in pedagogy in Helsinki University in 1987. The dormitory was run by ca. 20 different Finnish missionaries, longest of whom served Seppo and Marja-Liisa Salko, who are the only employees there mentioned by Tapani Ruokanen in his 1978 book as well as in the dissertation of Mirja Pesonen, which dealt with Taiwan as a mission field of the Finnish Missionary Society. The dormitory has been a subject of intense media interest in Finland in 1999, 2001 and 2013. The following is a description of the dormitory mainly during the years 1968–80, which is the time period covered by Anne Ijäs in her 1987 master's thesis. No such account of the later years exists. Background The Finnish Missionary Society began missiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland–Namibia Relations
Finland–Namibia relations refers to the bilateral relationship of Finland and Namibia. Finland recognised Namibia on March 21, 1990. Both countries established diplomatic relations on the same day. Namibia has an embassy in Helsinki while Finland has an embassy in Windhoek and an honorary consulate in Walvis Bay. Diplomatic relations Finland has stated it has been a staunch supporter of Namibian independence before Namibia achieved this. Finnish assistance The Finnish Government has provided assistance in the sectors of forestry, water, environment and health. Trade In general, trade between Namibia and Finland has been small. Namibia's exports to Finland increased from N$810 million in 2004 to over N$1 billion (approximately 90 million EUR) in 2007. However, a 2011 report showed that trade was even more limited. Finland's exports to Namibia valued €2,4 million, mainly consisting of paper and paper-products. Namibia's exports to Finland only valued €0,9 million, mainly c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands, with a combined area of . The main island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', has an area of , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Other major cities include Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hsinchu
Hsinchu (, Chinese: 新竹, Pinyin: ''Xīnzhú'', Wade–Giles: ''Hsin¹-chu²'') is a city located in northwestern Taiwan. It is the most populous city in Taiwan Province not among the special municipalities, with estimated 450,655 inhabitants. Hsinchu is a coastal city bordering the Taiwan Strait to the west, Hsinchu County to the north and east, and Miaoli County to the south. Nicknamed the ''Windy City'' for its strong northeastern monsoon during the autumn and winter seasons. The area was originally settled by the Austronesian Taiwanese indigenous peoples, with the settlement being named "Tek-kham" by the Hoklo immigrants. The city was founded by Han Chinese settlers in 1711, and renamed to its current form in 1878. During the Japanese Era, the city was the seat of Shinchiku Prefecture, named after the city. The prefecture encompassed present-day Hsinchu City and County, as well as entire Taoyuan and Miaoli. After the ROC rule in 1945, the urban area of Hsinchu wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Lutheran Seminary
China Lutheran Seminary is an independent theological school, graduate school, and seminary, located in Hsinchu City, Taiwan. Founded in 1966, the seminary is Lutheran in tradition and practice. History China Lutheran Seminary was founded in 1966 by four Lutheran missional organisations: Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway; Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission; Lutheran Brethren China Mission, USA; and the Norwegian Lutheran Mission. Following confirmation of its associated membership with the Asian Theological Association (ATA) in 1977, in 1978 CLS conferred its first two degrees: the B.Th and the B.R.E.. Five years after gaining membership to the Asia Theological Association, the China Lutheran Seminary became a member of the Association of Taiwan Theological Institutions. On 31 October, 1989, the China Lutheran Seminary was formally endorsed by the Taiwan Lutheran Church, and other affiliated Lutheran Church associations in Taiwan. By 1998, the seminary had implemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oshindonga
Ndonga, also called Oshindonga, is a Bantu dialect spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Kwanyama, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form. With 810,000 speakers, the language has the largest number of speakers in Namibia. Martti Rautanen translated the Bible into the Ndonga dialect. Beginning his work in 1885, he published the New Testament in 1903, but it took until 1920 to finish the Old Testament. His Bible translation became the basis of a standardized form of Ndonga. Phonology Vowels Oshindonga uses a five-vowel system: Consonants Oshindonga contains the following consonant phonemes: Prenasalized sounds are listed below: * ̥p * b * v * ̥θ* ð * ̥ʃ * ̥t * d * z * ̥ts * k * ɡ Oshindonga also contains many other consonant compounds, listed below: * ̥pʰ* ̥tʰ* ̥kʰ* ̥pʰw* ̥tʰw* ̥kʰw* ̥dz* ̥tsʰ* dʒ* w* sʼ The alve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olukonda
Nangolo Mbumba, Olukonda is a settlement in the Oshikoto Region in the north of Namibia. It is the district capital of the Olukonda Constituency, Olukonda electoral constituency. During colonial time of German South West Africa the missionary station and settlement was known as the ''Capital of the North''. Olukonda has been the place of the first missionary station to the Ovambo people, founded in 1870 by Finnish Missionary Society, Finnish missionaries. In the 1880s Martti Rautanen, nicknamed ''Nakambale'', became missionary at Olukonda and initiated the building of a church in 1889, and a missionary house in 1893. Both the church and the mission station buildings are still existent and have been declared National Monuments of Namibia in 1992. Together they are now known as the ''Olukonda National Monument''. The missionary station houses the ''Nakambale Museum'', and the church, although not anymore in regular use, is infrequently utilised for wedding ceremonies. Rauttanen and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martti Rautanen
Martti (Martin) Rautanen (10 November 1845 Tikopis (russian: Тикопись), Ingria – 19 October 1926 Olukonda, South West Africa) was the pioneer of the Finnish Mission in Ovamboland, South West Africa. Childhood and education Rautanen was born in a poor Finnish family in Ingria near St. Peterburg, Russia. Rautanen's family lived in the village of Tikanpesä in the parish of Novasolkka ( rus, Новоселки, r=Novoselki) in the Yamburgsky Uyezd of Saint Petersburg Governorate. The family originated from Joroinen in the province of Savo in Eastern Finland, but had moved to Ingria. Martti Rautanen considered himself a Russian as he was born and living in Russia. Encouraged by the pastor of his church and his mother, Martti Rautanen left Ingria in 1863 for Helsinki to study at the preparatory school for missionaries organized by the Finnish Missionary Society. Missionary activities Rautanen departed from Finland with four colleagues on 24 June 1868 towards Ovamboland in p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oshivambo
The Ovambo () language is a dialect cluster spoken by the Ovambo people in southern Angola and northern Namibia, of which the written standards are Kwanyama and Ndonga. The native name for the language is ''Oshiwambo'' (also written ''Oshivambo''), which is also used specifically for the Kwanyama and Ndonga dialects. It is the largest spoken local language in Namibia, particularly by the Ovambo people. The language is closely related to that of the Herero and Himba, the Herero language (''Otjiherero''). An obvious sign of proximity is the prefix used for language and dialect names, Proto-Bantu ''*ki-'' (class 7, as in the name of the Swahili language, ''Kiswahili''), which in Herero has evolved to ''Otji-'' and in Ovambo further to ''Oshi-''. History After Namibia's independence in 1990, the area previously known as Ovamboland was divided into the Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana and Oshikoto Regions. The population, estimated at between 700,000 and 750,000, fluctuates remarkab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
