Falcatodon

	Falcatodon ''Falcatodon'' ("curved tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, from the Early Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Faiyum Oasis depression in Egypt. Description Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 344) diagnose ''Falcatodon'' as follows: "Medium sized Hyainailourinae, differing from ''Metapterodon'' by the reduction of the protocone in the upper molars (M1 – M2), which is located in a very anterior position. It differs from ''Hyainailouros'' by the more sectorial morphology of the upper molars, with more advanced fusion of the paracone-metacone with, nevertheless, a groove separating the cusps visible in the M1. Lower molars sectorial with reduced talonid and without a metaconid. It differs from ''Isohyaenodon'', '' Sectisodon'' and '' Exiguodon'', by the lesser reduction of the protocone in the upper molars which, above all, retain a stretched out subtriangular occlusal outline." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hyainailourini Hyainailourini ("hyena-cats") is an extinct polyphyletic tribe of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa, Asia and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Tribe: †Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) Genus: †'' Exiguodon'' * †''Exiguodon pilgrimi'' Genus: †''Falcatodon'' * †''Falcatodon schlosseri'' Genus: †''Hyainailouros'' (polyphyletic genus) * †''Hyainailouros bugtiensis'' * †''Hyainailouros napakensis'' * †''Hyainailouros sulzeri'' Genus: †'' Parapterodon'' * †''Parapterodon lostangensis'' Genus: †'' Sectisodon'' * †''Sectisodon markgrafi'' * †''Sectisodon occultus'' Genus: †'' Sivapterodon'' * †''Sivapterodon lahirii'' Subtribe: †Isohyaenodontina (polyphyletic subtribe) * Genus: †''Isohyaenodon'' (polyphyletic genus) †''Isohyaenodon andrewsi'' †''Isohyaenodon zadoki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hyainailouridae Hyainailouridae ("hyena-cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourids are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 1,500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. At least one hyainailourid lineage, Apterodontinae, was specialised for aquatic, otter-like habits. Range T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hyainailourinae Hyainailourinae ("hyena-cats") is an extinct paraphyletic subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae (paraphyletic subfamily) Genus: †''Megistotherium'' * †''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' Genus: †'' Mlanyama'' * †''Mlanyama sugu'' Genus: †''Orienspterodon'' * †''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' Genus: †'' Pakakali'' * †''Pakakali rukwaensis'' Genus: †''Simbakubwa'' * †''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' (unranked): †''Akhnatenavus'' clade * Genus: †'' Akhnatenavus'' ** †''Akhnatenavus leptognathus'' †''Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon'' * Genus: †''Hemipsalodon'' ** †''Hemipsalodon grandis'' †''Hemipsalodon viejaensis'' * Genus: †'' Ischnognathus'' ** †''Ischnognathus savagei'' Tribe: † Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Metapterodon ''Metapterodon'' ("next to '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts of the tribe Metapterodontini withnin paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived in Africa during the early Oligocene to early Miocene. Fossils of ''Metapterodon'' were recovered from the Egypt, Uganda, Elisabeth Bay Formation in Namibia, and Rusinga Island and Karungu in Kenya.''Metapterodon'' at Fossilworks .org Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy The Paleogene species ''Metapterodon schlosseri'' and ''Metapterodon markgrafi'' have been reassig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Hyaenodonta Hyaenodonta (" hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental pan-carnivoran mammals from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size) and ''Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus ''Hyaenodon'') was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 3.0 m long and weighed about 330 kg, most of hyaenodonts were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Because of their size range, it is probable that di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Sectisodon ''Sectisodon'' ("cutting tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae from early Oligocene to early Miocene deposits in Egypt and Uganda. Description Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 346) diagnose ''Sectisodon'' as follows: "Hyainailourinae of small dimensions, M1 and M2 of similar length. M2 with paracone and metacone fused together, tall and pointed. Protocone very reduced, flattened and extending basally beyond the base of the paracone. Anterior cingulum with a well-defined parastyle with a moderate buccal cingulum. M2 and M1 with the metastyle quite a bit longer than the paracone-metacone. P3 short, with tall main cusp, posterior cusplet moderate, and much reduced protocone. Basal lingual cingulum strong, weaker on the buccal side. Lower molars with protoconid bigger than the metaconid, m2 with talonid present, much reduced in the m3." Classification and phylogeny Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Sinopidae Sinopidae ("swift foxes") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to middle Eocene deposits in North America, Europe and Asia. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Sinopidae Genus: †'' Acarictis'' * †''Acarictis ryani'' (unranked): †''Sinopa'' clade * Genus: †'' Prototomus'' (paraphyletic genus) ** †''Prototomus deimos'' †''Prototomus girardoti'' †''Prototomus martis'' †''Prototomus minimus'' †''Prototomus phobos'' †''Prototomus robustus'' †''Prototomus secundarius'' †''Prototomus viverrinus'' * Genus: †''Sinopa'' ** †''Sinopa jilinia'' †''Sinopa lania'' †''Sinopa longipes'' †''Sinopa major'' †''Sinopa minor'' †''Sinopa piercei'' †''Sinopa pungens'' †''Sinopa rapax'' †''Sinopa'' sp. A 'AMNH FM 11538'' * ''Incertae sedis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Limnocyonidae Limnocyonidae ("swamp dogs") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from late Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in North America and Asia. Limnocyonids had only two molars in the upper and lower dentition. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Limnocyonidae Genus: †'' Iridodon'' * †''Iridodon datzae'' Genus: †'' Limnocyon'' (paraphyletic genus) * †''Limnocyon cuspidens'' * †''Limnocyon potens'' * †''Limnocyon verus'' Genus: †'' Oxyaenodon'' * †''Oxyaenodon dysodus'' Genus: †'' Prolaena'' * †''Prolaena parva'' Genus: †''Prolimnocyon'' (paraphyletic genus) * †''Prolimnocyon antiquus'' * †''Prolimnocyon atavus'' * †''Prolimnocyon chowi'' * †''Prolimnocyon eerius'' * †''Prolimnocyon haematus'' Genus: †'' Thinocyon'' * †''Thinocyon medius'' * †''Thinocyon velox'' ''Incertae sedis ' () or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Galecyon ''Galecyon'' ("polecat-dog") is a genus of hyaenodonts that lived during the early Eocene in Europe and North America (found in the Clarks Fork and Powder River basins of Wyoming Wyoming () is a U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the south ...). Description ''Galecyon'' had robust canines and short, deep jaws. Prior to 2015, little was known about its post-cranial skeleton. However, following the discovery of more complete fossils, it is now known to have been a primarily terrestrial animal weighing between , lacking the adaptations for climbing found in some of its close relatives. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Galecyon'' are shown in the following cladogram. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals Prehistoric mammals of North America Prehistoric mammals of Euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Boualitomidae Boualitomidae ("Bou Alian cutters") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from middle Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in Africa. Boualitomids had only three pairs of premolars in the lower dentition, lacking the first one.E. Gheerbrant, M. Iarochene, M. Amaghzaz and B. Bouya (2006."Early African hyaenodontid mammals and their bearing on the origin of the Creodonta."Geological Magazine 143(4):475-489Borths, Matthew R., Heritage, Steven, Gunnell, Gregg, Friscia, Anthony, Seiffert, Erik (2020) "Persistence of the oldest hyaenodont clade through the Eocene of Africa", in "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th annual meeting - Virtual 2020"' Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Boualitomidae Genus: †'' Boualitomus'' * †''Boualitomus marocanensis'' Genus: †'' Lahimia'' * †''Lahimia selloumi'' ''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Indohyaenodontidae Indohyaenodontidae ("indian ''Hyaenodonts''") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to late Eocene deposits in Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ....R. S. Rana, K. Kumar, S. P. Zack, F. Solé, K. D. Rose, P. Missiaen, L. Singh, A. Sahni and T. Smith (2015."Craniodental and postcranial morphology of ''Indohyaenodon raoi'' from the early Eocene of India, and its implications for ecology, phylogeny, and biogeography of hyaenodontid mammals."Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(5):e965308:1-22 Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Indohyaenodontidae Genus: †'' Indohyaenodon'' * †''Indohyaenodon raoi'' Genus: †'' Yarshea'' * †''Yarshea cruenta'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Exiguodon ''Exiguodon'' ("strict tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae. Remains are known from early Miocene deposits in Kenya and Uganda, in East Africa. Description ''Exiguodon'' is distinguished from other hyainailourines by the following features: diminutive dimensions, lower molars (m3 – m2) with greatly reduced talonid; protoconid and paraconid similar in size. Paraconid of the molars lingually oriented. M2 and M1 close in size and morphology. Occlusal outline sub-triangular, with greatly reduced protocone, which appears like an antero-lingual cingulum which extends anteriorly and buccally. Presence of a strong parastyle in an antero-buccal position, united to the apex of the paracone by a well defined crista. The buccal cingulum borders a wide buccal platform, particularly large in the M2. Paracone tall and narrow, elongated blade-like metastyle. P4 broadened, with redu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy