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Friedrich Pfeiffer
Friedrich Moritz Christian Pfeiffer (22 July 1815 – 12 April 1879) was a German jurist and politician. Biography Early life and education Pfeiffer was the son of the Hessian lawyer and politician Franz Georg Pfeiffer (11 January 1784 – 15 April 1856) and his wife Susanne (Susette) Friederike (née Lagisse, 6 April 1787 - 23 May 1861). His family was prominent in Hesse, beginning with his grandfather Johann Jakob Pfeiffer, Marburg University professor and dean, and personal religious tutor to the Elector of Hesse. Pfeiffers had also made a name for themselves in Hessian politics, particularly his father and his uncle Burkhard Wilhelm Pfeiffer. His other uncles included the lawyer Christian Hartmann Pfeiffer, and the bankers Carl Jonas Pfeiffer and Georg Pfeiffer. Among his cousins were Dr. Louis Pfeiffer, Dr. Albert Wigand, and General Adolf von Deines. From 1826 to 1833, Pfeiffer attended the Friedrichsgymnasium Kassel, of which his grandfather, Johann Jakob Pfeiffer, had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kassel
Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020. The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks, including the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kassel is also known for the '' documenta'' exhibitions of contemporary art. Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background). History Kassel was first mentioned in 913 AD, as the place where two deeds were signed by King Conrad I. The place was called ''Chasella'' or ''Chassalla'' and was a fortification at a bridge crossing the Fulda river. There are several yet unproven assumptions of the name's origin. It could be derived from the ancient ''Castellum Cattorum'', a castle of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William II, Elector Of Hesse
William II (german: Wilhelm II; 28 July 1777 – 20 November 1847) was the penultimate Elector of Hesse.After 1806, the title of ''Elector'' was meaningless, since no more Holy Roman Emperors could be elected, because the Empire had been dissolved. Nevertheless, the rulers of Hesse-Kassel still used the title. Early life William was the eldest surviving son of William I, Elector of Hesse and Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway. With the Hessian troops, he was involved in the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in 1813. He succeeded as Elector of Hesse (a title that was moribund after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806) on his father's death in 1821. Personal life On 13 February 1797 in Berlin, William married Princess Augusta of Prussia, fourth daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. They had six children: * Wilhelm (1798–1800), who died in infancy. * Karoline (1799–1854) * Luise (1801–1803), who died in infancy. * Friedrich (1802†... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cousin Marriage
A cousin marriage is a marriage where the spouses are cousins (i.e. people with common grandparents or people who share other fairly recent ancestors). The practice was common in earlier times, and continues to be common in some societies today, though in some jurisdictions such marriages are prohibited. Worldwide, more than 10% of marriages are between first or second cousins. Cousin marriage is an important topic in anthropology and alliance theory. In some cultures and communities, cousin marriages are considered ideal and are actively encouraged and expected; in others, they are seen as incestuous and are subject to social stigma and taboo. Cousin marriage was historically practiced by indigenous cultures in Australia, North America, South America, and Polynesia. In some jurisdictions, cousin marriage is legally prohibited: for example, in mainland China, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, the Philippines and 24 of the 50 United States. The laws of many jurisdictions se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendary
Referendary is the English form of a number of administrative positions, of various rank, in chanceries and other official organizations in Europe. Pre-modern history The office of ' (plural: ', from the Latin ', "I inform") existed at the Byzantine Court. Such officials reported to the Emperor on the memorials of petitioners, and conveyed to the judges the Emperor's orders in connection with such memorials. During the Frankish Empire's Merovingian period, the official who would later be known as the chancellor (') was termed the '. See also Royal Administration of Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasties. Other medieval kingdoms also had a referendary, e.g., Anianus, who in 506 CE compiled the ''Breviary of Alaric'' for that king of the Visigoths. Later the office proliferated and thus became devalued, as reflected in compound titles differentiating some such offices, e.g., in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In later iterations of the Polish state, the title occurred again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Student Corps
Corps (or Korps; "''das ~''" ('' n''), (''sg.''), (''pl.'')) are the oldest still-existing kind of ''Studentenverbindung'', Germany's traditional university corporations; their roots date back to the 15th century. The oldest corps still existing today was founded in 1789. Its members are referred to as corps students (''Corpsstudenten''). The corps belong to the tradition of student fraternities which wear couleur and practice academic fencing. The corps are organized in two federations, the ''Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband'' (''KSCV'') and the ''Weinheimer Senioren-Convent'' (''WSC''). Together, they comprise 162 Corps throughout Germany, Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Switzerland and Lithuania. The German Student Corps were traditionally recruited from the nobility, royalty, and social elite, and are traditionally viewed as more aristocratic and elitist than other German student fraternities such as the Catholic Cartellverband and the Burschenschaften. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Poland
Congress Poland, Congress Kingdom of Poland, or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It was established when the French ceded a part of Polish territory to the Russian Empire following France's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1915, during World War I, it was replaced by the German-controlled nominal Regency Kingdom until Poland regained independence in 1918. Following the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland ceased to exist as an independent nation for 123 years. The territory, with its native population, was split between the Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire. After 1804, an equivalent to Congress Poland within the Austrian Empire was the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also commonly referred to as "Austrian Poland". The area incorporated into Prussia and subse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dignity
Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. It is of significance in morality, ethics, law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era concepts of inherent, inalienable rights. The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity". Etymology The English word "dignity", attested from the early 13th century, comes from Latin ''dignitas'' (worthiness) by way of French ''dignité''. Modern use English-speakers often use the word "dignity" in proscriptive and cautionary ways: for example, in politics it can be used to critique the treatment of oppressed and vulnerable groups and peoples, but it has also been applied to cultures and sub-cultures, to religious beliefs and ideals, and even to animals used for food or research. "Dignity" also has descriptive meanings pertaining to the ''worth'' of human beings. In general, the term has various functions and meanings depen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights
Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Social norm, normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected in Municipal law, municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable,The United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner of Human RightsWhat are human rights? Retrieved 14 August 2014 fundamental rights "to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being" and which are "inherent in all human beings",Burns H. Weston, 20 March 2014, Encyclopædia Britannicahuman rights Retrieved 14 August 2014. regardless of their age, ethnic origin, location, language, religion, ethnicity, or any other status. They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being Universality (philosophy), universal, and they are Egalitari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Philosophy
Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them. Its topics include politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of laws by authority: what they are, if they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect, what form it should take, what the law is, and what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, if any, and when it may be legitimately overthrown, if ever. Political theory also engages questions of a broader scope, tackling the political nature of phenomena and categories such as identity, culture, sexuality, race, wealth, human-nonhuman relations, ethics, religion, and more. Political science, the scientific study of politics, is generally used in the singular, but in French and Spanish the plural (''sciences politiques'' and ''cienci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrichsgymnasium Kassel
The Friedrichsgymnasium is a humanistic classical gymnasium, located in Kassel, Hesse, Germany, that focuses on music and foreign languages, particularly Latin and Ancient Greek. The mission statement of the school is to spread the ideas of humanism and tolerance and to ensure the students grow up to become independent, educated and responsible, following the school motto "Learn what you are and be such", a quote by the Ancient Greek poet Pindar. The school is a so-called "Gymnasium", a secondary school that offers the highest possible standards in education and aimes for the students to take their A-Levels, the " Abitur", in year 13. The school specializes in supporting highly gifted students and has a tradition of encouraging students to be competitive and exceed their limits. However, the school also highlights the importance of tolerance and solidarity, taking part in projects with hospitals and refugee organisations. History The Friedrichsgymnasium was founded in 1779 as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Von Deines
Johann Georg Adolf Ritter von Deines (May 30, 1845–November 17, 1911) was a Prussian soldier, diplomat, and educator, as well as a member of the lower nobility. As a member of the Prussian Army, Deines rose to the rank of Cavalry General, and served as aide-de-camp to Kaiser Wilhelm II. In addition to his military duties, Deines also served as , or military-governor, to the Kaiser's sons. In this capacity, Deines oversaw the complete reconstruction of the system in which the princes were educated, shifting from a court-based theoretical system of education to a hands-on, physical style of learning that brought the princes into close contact with boys of varying rank in order to give them a well-rounded understanding of the world, removed from the strictures and pretenses of traditional royal education. Life Early life and family Deines was born on May 30, 1845, in Hanau, then part of the Electorate of Hesse. He was the second child and only son of (1818–1901) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Wigand
Julius Wilhelm Albert Wigand, known as Albert Wigand (April 21, 1821 – October 22, 1886) was a German botanist, pharmacologist and pharmacognostician. His is most well-known for being the director of the Alter Botanischer Garten Marburg from 1861 to 1886, and for his opposition to Charles Darwin and the theory of Evolution on religious grounds. Early life and education Wigand was born in the Hessian village of Treysa to Johann Heinrich Friederich Wigand (November 2, 178 - Jun 30, 1855), an apothecary, and his wife Sophie Christiane (née Kulenkamp; May 13, 1793 - November 24, 1859). Wigand's paternal grandmother Anna Dorothea (1750–1805) was the daughter of Dorothea Erxleben, who made history in her own right as the first woman in Germany to become a doctor of medical science. His grandfather, Anna Dorothea's husband, was Ludwig Christian Anton Wigand, an evangelical preacher, and this marriage of science and religion would come to be a guiding force in Wigand's personal and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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