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Fresco (Stockhausen)
''Fresco'' ("wall sounds for meditation") is an orchestral composition written in 1969 by the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen as foyer music for an evening-long retrospective programme of his music presented simultaneously in three auditoriums of the Beethovenhalle in Bonn. It is Nr. 29 in his catalogue of works, and a performance takes about five hours. History In October 1968 Volker Wangenheim, Generalmusikdirektor (GMD) for Bonn, offered Stockhausen all of the rooms of the Beethovenhalle in Bonn for an evening concert of his music. In addition, he suggested that Stockhausen might consider writing a new piece for the Bonn Orchestra, though he could offer only three rehearsals, and warned that Bonn did not have much money for expenses. Wangenheim also wrote that he had heard about Stockhausen's ''Ensemble'' and '' Musik für ein Haus'' projects at Darmstadt in 1967 and 1968, implying that he hoped for something along the same lines. Stockhausen proposed an evening-long pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikrophonie (Stockhausen)
''Mikrophonie'' is the title given by Karlheinz Stockhausen to two of his compositions, written in 1964 and 1965, in which "normally inaudible vibrations ... are made audible by an active process of sound detection (comparable to the auscultation of a body by a physician); the microphone is used actively as a musical instrument, in contrast to its former passive function of reproducing sounds as faithfully as possible". Together with Stockhausen's immediately preceding work ''Mixtur'', for five orchestra groups, four sine-wave generators, four ring modulators, they form a triptych of live-electronic works, where electronic transformations are accomplished during the performance (as opposed to studio-produced electronic music on tape). Similar to a group of three of the composer's works from the previous decade, ''Gruppen'', ''Zeitmaße'', and ''Gesang der Jünglinge'', there is one work each for orchestral, chamber, and vocal forces. Derivation of the term Stockhausen uses the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegium Vocale Köln
Collegium Vocale Köln is a German vocal ensemble, founded in 1966 as a quintet when its members were still students at the in Cologne. It is directed by Wolfgang Fromme, who also sings tenor in the ensemble. They are best known as the group for which Karlheinz Stockhausen composed ''Stimmung'' in 1968, a work which they had performed more than three hundred of times throughout the world by 1986. The original impetus for the ensemble's founding, however, was an appearance by Alfred Deller at the Cologne Courses for Early Music, and the group has always performed both early and contemporary works. In addition to ''Stimmung'', the Collegium Vocale performed other works by Stockhausen, notably as part of the ensemble of musicians who appeared with him at Expo '70 in Osaka, Japan, between March and September 1970, where individual singers of the group performed ''Spiral (Stockhausen), Spiral'' for a soloist with a short-wave radio. On 5 June 1971 the Collegium Vocale participated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christoph Caskel
Christoph Caskel (born 12 January 1932) is a German percussionist and teacher. Life Born in Greifswald, Caskel began learning percussion at an early age, taking lessons at the age of five with a military musician and as a schoolboy with a percussionist from the Berlin State Opera. He studied percussion formally from 1949 to 1953 with Wenzel Pricha at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Cologne. During these years, he began taking an interest in contemporary music under the influence of another lecturer at the Hochschule, the cellist Maurits Frank. After completing his conservatory training, he studied musicology from 1953 to 1955 at the University of Cologne. By the beginning of the 1960s Caskel had become known internationally as a performer of chamber music and solo works by contemporary composers, taking part in the premieres of important works such as Karlheinz Stockhausen's '' Zyklus '' (1959) and ''Kontakte'' (1960), Helmut Lachenmann’s ''Intérieur'' (1966), and Maur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolf Gehlhaar
Rolf Rainer Gehlhaar (30 December 1943 – 7 July 2019), was an American composer, Professor in Experimental Music at Coventry University and researcher in assistive technology for music. Life Born in Breslau, Gehlhaar was the son of a German rocket scientist, who emigrated to the United States in 1953 to work at a rocket-development research centre in New Mexico. Although he took an interest in music from the age of eight or younger, in the post-war years the family could not afford for him to learn an instrument, and so Rolf only began to play the piano at the age of fifteen, and at about the same time began to compose for fun. He took American citizenship in 1958 and studied at Yale University and the University of California, Berkeley. Initially, he had studied medicine, but soon changed his major to philosophy and the philosophy of science; then at Yale he attended a course in composition, which was an arousing experience. He moved to Cologne, Germany, in 1967 to become assist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiraz 36
Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in southwestern Iran on the () seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as ''Tiraziš'', is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was restored or founded by the Arab Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian Saffarid and Buyid dynasties in the 9th and 10th–11th centuries, respectively. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiral (Stockhausen)
''Spiral'' (Spiral dj. Spirally), for a soloist with a shortwave receiver, is a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1968. It is Number 27 in the catalogue of the composer's works. Conception ''Spiral'' is one of a series of works dating from the 1960s which Stockhausen designated as "process" compositions. These works in effect separate the "form" from the "content" by presenting the performers with a series of transformation signs which are to be applied to material that may vary considerably from one performance to the next. In ''Spiral'' and three companion works ('' Kurzwellen'' for six performers, ''Pole'' for two, and ''Expo'' for three), this material is to be drawn spontaneously during the performance from shortwave radio broadcasts. The processes, indicated primarily by plus, minus, and equal signs, constitute the composition and, despite the unpredictability of the materials, these processes can be heard from one performance to another as being "the same". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixtur
''Mixtur'', for orchestra, 4 sine-wave generators, and 4 ring modulators, is an orchestral composition by the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1964, and is Nr. 16 in his catalogue of works. It exists in three versions: the original version for full orchestra, a reduced scoring made in 1967 (Nr. 16), and a re-notated version of the reduced scoring, made in 2003 and titled ''Mixtur 2003'', Nr. 16. History ''Mixtur'' is one of the earliest compositions for orchestra with live electronics, and is amongst the first compositions using live-electronic techniques generally. The original version for large orchestra was premiered on 9 November 1965 at the Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Hamburg. The version for reduced orchestra was premiered in the large broadcasting hall of the Hessischer Rundfunk, Frankfurt am Main, as part of the Darmstädter Ferienkurse on 23 August 1967 by the Ensemble Hudba Dneska conducted by Ladislav Kupkovič, to whom this version is d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimmung
''Stimmung'', for six vocalists and six microphones, is a piece by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1968 and commissioned by the City of Cologne for the Collegium Vocale Köln. Its average length is seventy-four minutes, and it bears the work number 24 in the composer's catalog. It is a tonal, and yet also a serial composition. It is "the first major Western composition to be based entirely on the production of vocal harmonics", the first "to use overtones as a ''primary'' element". An additional innovation is "the unique kind of rhythmic polyphony which arises from the gradual transformation/assimilation of rhythmic models". Title The German word ''Stimmung'' has several meanings, including "tuning" and " mood". The word is the noun formed from the verb ''stimmen'', which means "to harmonize, to be correct", and related to ''Stimme'' (voice). The primary sense of the title "implies not only the outward tuning of voices or instruments, but also the inward tuning of one's sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymnen
''Hymnen'' (German for " Anthems") is an electronic and concrete work, with optional live performers, by Karlheinz Stockhausen, composed in 1966–67, and elaborated in 1969. In the composer's catalog of works, it is No. 22. The extended work is based on national anthems. It is structured in four Regions: Region I is dedicated to Pierre Boulez and uses "The Internationale" and "La Marseillaise", Region II is dedicated to Henri Pousseur and uses the "Deutschlandlied", a group of African anthems, the beginning of the Russian anthem, and a fragment of the "Horst-Wessel-Lied", Region III is dedicated to John Cage and uses the continuation of the Russian anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner, and the "Marcha Real", Region IV is dedicated to Luciano Berio and uses the " Swiss Psalm". Stockhausen wrote three versions, one for electronic and concrete music alone, on for electronic and concrete music with soloists, and finally an orchestral version of Region III, which can be performed by itsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyvalent Structure
Polyvalence or polyvalent may refer to: *Polyvalency (chemistry), chemical species, generally atoms or molecules, which exhibit more than one chemical valence *Polyvalence (music), the musical use of more than one harmonic function of a tonality simultaneously *Polyvalent antibody, a group of antibodies that have affinity for various antigens *Polyvalent logic, a form of many-valued logic or probabilistic logic *Polyvalent vaccine, a vaccine that can vaccinate a person against more than one strain of a disease *Sala Polivalentă (other), various stadiums in Romania commonly translated as Polyvalent Hall *Snake antivenom that contains neutralizing antibodies against two or more species of snakes See also *Bivalence, principle in logic that every declaration is either true or false *Monovalence (other) *Valence (other) Valence or valency may refer to: Science * Valence (chemistry), a measure of an element's combining power with other atoms * Degree (g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zyklus
''Zyklus für einen Schlagzeuger'' (English: Cycle for a Percussionist) is a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, assigned Number 9 in the composer's catalog of works. It was composed in 1959 at the request of Wolfgang Steinecke as a test piece for a percussion competition at the Darmstadt Summer Courses, where it was premièred on 25 August 1959 by Christoph Caskel. It quickly became the most frequently played solo percussion work, and "inspired a wave of writing for percussion". Instrumentation The work is written for one percussionist playing a marimba, vibraphone (motor off), 4 tom-toms, snare drum, güiro (one or several, if necessary), 2 African log drums (each producing 2 pitches), 2 suspended cymbals of differing sizes, hi-hat, 4 almglocken (suspended, clappers removed), a suspended "bunch of bells" (preferably Indian bells or tambourine mounted on a stand), at least 2 high pitched triangles, gong (with raised boss in center) and tam-tam. Form The title of ''Zyklus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
